Ubuntu C++网络编程基础是什么

Ubuntu C++网络编程基础涉及多个方面，包括网络编程的基本概念、所需库和工具的安装、以及简单的示例代码。以下是主要内容：

网络编程基本概念：网络编程是指通过计算机网络进行数据交换的过程。常见的网络编程模型包括TCP/IP和UDP。TCP（传输控制协议）提供可靠的、面向连接的数据传输，而UDP（用户数据报协议）则提供不可靠的、无连接的数据传输。
所需库和工具：在Ubuntu上进行C++网络编程，需要安装一些基本的库和工具。可以使用以下命令安装：
```
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ cmake
```

简单示例代码：以下是一个简单的TCP服务器和客户端示例代码：

服务器端（server.cpp）：

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>

const int PORT = 8080;
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *message = "Hello from server!";

    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Socket creation failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Bind failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    if (listen(server_fd, 3) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Listen failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t *)&addrlen)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Accept failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;

    send(new_socket, message, strlen(message), 0);
    std::cout << "Message sent to client" << std::endl;

    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);
    return 0;
}

客户端（client.cpp）：

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>

const std::string SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1";
const int PORT = 8080;
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *message = "Hello from client!";

    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Socket creation failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP.c_str(), &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        std::cerr << "Invalid address / Address not supported" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Connection failed" << std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    send(sock, message, strlen(message), 0);

    read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    std::cout << "Message from server: " << buffer << std::endl;

    close(sock);
    return 0;
}

编译和运行：使用CMake配置项目并编译运行：

mkdir cpp_networking_project
cd cpp_networking_project
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(cpp_networking_project)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)
add_executable(server server.cpp)
add_executable(client client.cpp)
cmake .
make
./server & ./client

通过这些步骤，你可以在Ubuntu上使用C++进行基本的网络编程。

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