使用Spring AOP的步骤如下:
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-aop</artifactId>
</dependency>
@Aspect
注解进行标记,并且包含需要在目标方法执行前、执行后或抛出异常时执行的通知方法。@Aspect
@Component
public class LoggingAspect {
@Before("execution(public * com.example.MyService.*(..))")
public void beforeAdvice(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("Before method: " + joinPoint.getSignature());
}
@After("execution(public * com.example.MyService.*(..))")
public void afterAdvice(JoinPoint joinPoint) {
System.out.println("After method: " + joinPoint.getSignature());
}
@AfterThrowing(pointcut = "execution(public * com.example.MyService.*(..))", throwing = "exception")
public void afterThrowingAdvice(JoinPoint joinPoint, Exception exception) {
System.out.println("Exception thrown by method: " + joinPoint.getSignature());
System.out.println("Exception: " + exception.getMessage());
}
}
上述例子中的切面类包含了三个通知方法:beforeAdvice
、afterAdvice
和afterThrowingAdvice
。@Before
注解用于标记在目标方法执行前执行的通知方法,@After
注解用于标记在目标方法执行后执行的通知方法,@AfterThrowing
注解用于标记在目标方法抛出异常时执行的通知方法。
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
注解,以启用AOP代理。@SpringBootApplication
@EnableAspectJAutoProxy
public class Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
}
}
@Service
public class MyService {
public void doSomething() {
System.out.println("Doing something...");
}
public void throwException() throws Exception {
throw new Exception("Something went wrong");
}
}
@RestController
public class MyController {
@Autowired
private MyService myService;
@GetMapping("/test")
public void testAOP() {
myService.doSomething();
try {
myService.throwException();
} catch (Exception e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
以上示例中,MyService
类包含了两个方法:doSomething
和throwException
。在MyController
类中,通过调用MyService
的方法来测试AOP的功能。
当执行/test
接口时,AOP将会在doSomething
方法执行前和执行后打印相应的日志信息,并且在throwException
方法抛出异常时打印异常信息。
注意:为了使AOP生效,需要确保目标类(如MyService
)是由Spring容器管理的(例如通过@Service
注解进行标记)。