Linux C++怎样实现进程间通信

#include <iostream>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/wait.h>

int main() {
    int pipefd[2];
    pid_t pid;
    char buffer[10];

    // 创建匿名管道
    if (pipe(pipefd) == -1) {
        perror("pipe");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 创建子进程
    pid = fork();
    if (pid == -1) {
        perror("fork");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    if (pid > 0) { // 父进程
        close(pipefd[0]); // 关闭不需要的读端
        const char* message = "Hello from parent!";
        write(pipefd[1], message, strlen(message) + 1); // 写入管道
        close(pipefd[1]); // 关闭写端
        wait(NULL); // 等待子进程结束
    } else { // 子进程
        close(pipefd[1]); // 关闭不需要的写端
        read(pipefd[0], buffer, sizeof(buffer)); // 从管道读取
        std::cout << "Child received: " << buffer << std::endl;
        close(pipefd[0]); // 关闭读端
    }

    return 0;
}

#include <iostream>
#include <sys/ipc.h>
#include <sys/shm.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    key_t key = ftok("shmfile", 65); // 生成键值
    int shmid = shmget(key, 1024, 0666|IPC_CREAT); // 创建共享内存段
    char *str = (char*) shmat(shmid, (void*)0, 0); // 连接到共享内存

    strcpy(str, "Hello shared memory!"); // 写入数据
    std::cout << "Shared memory written to: " << str << std::endl;

    sleep(5); // 等待一段时间

    shmdt(str); // 断开共享内存连接
    shmctl(shmid, IPC_RMID, NULL); // 删除共享内存段

    return 0;
}

// 服务器端代码
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <netinet/in.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int opt = 1;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[1024] = {0};

    // 创建套接字文件描述符
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        perror("socket failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 设置套接字选项
    if (setsockopt(server_fd, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR | SO_REUSEPORT, &opt, sizeof(opt))) {
        perror("setsockopt");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(8080);

    // 绑定套接字到地址
    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        perror("bind failed");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 监听连接
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        perror("listen");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 接受连接
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t*)&addrlen)) < 0) {
        perror("accept");
        exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
    }

    // 读取数据
    read(new_socket, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << "Message from client: " << buffer << std::endl;

    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);

    return 0;
}

// 客户端代码
#include <iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>

int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    char *hello = "Hello from client";
    char buffer[1024] = {0};

    // 创建套接字文件描述符
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "
 Socket creation error 
";
        return -1;
    }

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(8080);

    // 将IPv4地址从文本转换为二进制形式
    if(inet_pton(AF_INET, "127.0.0.1", &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        std::cout << "
Invalid address/ Address not supported 
";
        return -1;
    }

    // 连接到服务器
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
        std::cout << "
Connection Failed 
";
        return -1;
    }

    // 发送数据
    send(sock, hello, strlen(hello), 0);
    std::cout << "Hello message sent 
";
    read(sock, buffer, 1024);
    std::cout << "Server: " << buffer << std::endl;

    close(sock);

    return 0;
}