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多线程python爬虫如何进行线程池管理

小樊
81
2024-12-12 04:59:44
栏目: 编程语言

在Python中,可以使用concurrent.futures模块中的ThreadPoolExecutor类来管理多线程爬虫的线程池。以下是一个简单的示例:

  1. 首先,导入所需的库:
import requests
from bs4 import BeautifulSoup
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
  1. 定义一个函数来处理单个URL的爬取和解析:
def fetch_and_parse(url):
    try:
        response = requests.get(url)
        response.raise_for_status()
        soup = BeautifulSoup(response.text, 'html.parser')
        # 在这里提取所需的数据
        data = soup.title.string
        return data
    except requests.exceptions.RequestException as e:
        print(f"Error fetching {url}: {e}")
        return None
  1. 定义一个函数来处理多个URL的爬取和解析:
def fetch_and_parse_urls(urls):
    results = []
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=10) as executor:
        future_to_url = {executor.submit(fetch_and_parse, url): url for url in urls}
        for future in as_completed(future_to_url):
            url = future_to_url[future]
            try:
                data = future.result()
                if data:
                    results.append((url, data))
            except Exception as e:
                print(f"Error processing {url}: {e}")
    return results
  1. 准备要爬取的URL列表:
urls = [
    "https://www.example.com",
    "https://www.example2.com",
    "https://www.example3.com",
    # 更多URL...
]
  1. 调用fetch_and_parse_urls函数来处理这些URL:
results = fetch_and_parse_urls(urls)
for url, data in results:
    print(f"URL: {url}, Data: {data}")

在这个示例中,我们使用ThreadPoolExecutor创建了一个线程池,最大工作线程数为10。fetch_and_parse_urls函数接受一个URL列表,然后使用线程池来并行处理这些URL。as_completed函数用于在任务完成时获取结果。最后,我们将结果打印出来。

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