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c++ allocator 是否支持对齐分配

c++
小樊
82
2024-11-19 09:14:41
栏目: 编程语言

C++的allocator模板类本身并不直接提供对齐分配的功能,但是你可以通过自定义分配器来实现对齐分配。自定义分配器可以继承自std::allocator并重载其allocatedeallocate方法,以便在分配和释放内存时考虑对齐要求。

以下是一个简单的示例,展示了如何创建一个支持对齐分配的自定义分配器:

#include <iostream>
#include <memory>
#include <vector>

template <typename T>
class aligning_allocator : public std::allocator<T> {
public:
    using value_type = T;
    using pointer = typename std::allocator<T>::pointer;
    using const_pointer = typename std::allocator<T>::const_pointer;
    using reference = typename std::allocator<T>::reference;
    using const_reference = typename std::allocator<T>::const_reference;
    using size_type = typename std::allocator<T>::size_type;
    using difference_type = typename std::allocator<T>::difference_type;

    template <typename U>
    struct rebind {
        typedef aligning_allocator<U> other;
    };

    pointer allocate(size_type n, const void* hint = 0) {
        pointer result = std::allocator<T>::allocate(n, hint);
        if (result) {
            // Ensure the allocated memory is aligned
            uintptr_t addr = reinterpret_cast<uintptr_t>(result);
            uintptr_t alignment = alignof(T);
            if (addr % alignment != 0) {
                std::allocator<T>::deallocate(result, n);
                result = std::allocator<T>::allocate(n + alignment - (addr % alignment));
                if (!result) {
                    throw std::bad_alloc();
                }
                std::memset(result, 0, n * sizeof(T));
            }
        }
        return result;
    }

    void deallocate(pointer p, size_type n) noexcept {
        std::allocator<T>::deallocate(p, n);
    }
};

int main() {
    aligning_allocator<int> allocator;
    std::vector<int, aligning_allocator<int>> vec;
    vec.reserve(10);

    for (int i = 0; i < 10; ++i) {
        vec.push_back(i);
    }

    for (const auto& elem : vec) {
        std::cout << elem << " ";
    }

    return 0;
}

在这个示例中,我们创建了一个名为aligning_allocator的自定义分配器,它继承自std::allocator<T>。我们重载了allocate方法,以确保分配的内存是对齐的。然后,我们使用这个自定义分配器创建了一个std::vector<int>,并向其中添加了一些元素。最后,我们遍历向量并打印其内容。

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