在Python的Scrapy爬虫中处理异常情况,可以通过以下几个步骤来实现:
def process_request(self, request, spider):
try:
# 可能引发异常的代码
except Exception as e:
# 处理异常的代码
spider.logger.error(f"Error processing request: {e}")
def process_request(self, request, spider):
try:
# 可能引发异常的代码
except ValueError as ve:
# 处理ValueError异常的代码
spider.logger.error(f"ValueError processing request: {ve}")
except KeyError as ke:
# 处理KeyError异常的代码
spider.logger.error(f"KeyError processing request: {ke}")
RETRY_ENABLED = True
RETRY_TIMES = 3 # 重试次数
RETRY_HTTP_CODES = [500, 502, 503, 504, 400, 403, 404, 408] # 需要重试的HTTP状态码
DOWNLOADER_MIDDLEWARES = {
'myproject.middlewares.CustomRetryMiddleware': 550,
}
在自定义的中间件CustomRetryMiddleware
中,可以实现重试逻辑:
class CustomRetryMiddleware(object):
def process_exception(self, request, exception, spider):
if isinstance(exception, self.retryable_exceptions):
return self._retry(request, exception, spider)
return None
def _retry(self, request, exception, spider):
retry_times = request.meta.get('retry_times', self.retry_times)
if retry_times > 0:
retry_times -= 1
request.meta['retry_times'] = retry_times
return request.replace(dont_filter=True)
return None
spider_error
信号来捕获爬虫运行过程中的错误。@receiver(signals.spider_error)
def handle_spider_error(sender, request, exception, spider):
spider.logger.error(f"Error processing request: {exception}")
通过以上方法,可以在Scrapy爬虫中处理各种异常情况,提高爬虫的稳定性和可靠性。