Ubuntu下C++网络编程实战

在 Ubuntu 下进行 C++ 网络编程实战，你需要了解一些基本的网络编程概念和相关库

安装必要的库和工具：

sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ cmake

创建一个新的项目文件夹并进入：

mkdir cpp_networking_project
cd cpp_networking_project

创建一个名为 CMakeLists.txt 的文件，用于配置项目：

cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.10)
project(cpp_networking_project)

set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 14)

add_executable(server server.cpp)
add_executable(client client.cpp)

创建服务器（server.cpp）和客户端（client.cpp）源代码文件：

server.cpp:

#include<iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>

const int PORT = 8080;
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

int main() {
    int server_fd, new_socket;
    struct sockaddr_in address;
    int addrlen = sizeof(address);
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *message = "Hello from server!";

    // 创建 socket
    if ((server_fd = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) == 0) {
        std::cerr << "Socket creation failed"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 绑定 socket
    address.sin_family = AF_INET;
    address.sin_addr.s_addr = INADDR_ANY;
    address.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    if (bind(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, sizeof(address)) < 0) {
        std::cerr << "Bind failed"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 监听连接
    if (listen(server_fd, 3) < 0) {
        std::cerr << "Listen failed"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 接受连接
    if ((new_socket = accept(server_fd, (struct sockaddr *)&address, (socklen_t *)&addrlen)) < 0) {
        std::cerr << "Accept failed"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 读取客户端发送的数据
    read(new_socket, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    std::cout << "Message from client: "<< buffer<< std::endl;

    // 向客户端发送消息
    send(new_socket, message, strlen(message), 0);
    std::cout << "Message sent to client"<< std::endl;

    // 关闭 socket
    close(new_socket);
    close(server_fd);

    return 0;
}

client.cpp:

#include<iostream>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <arpa/inet.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <cstring>

const std::string SERVER_IP = "127.0.0.1";
const int PORT = 8080;
const int BUFFER_SIZE = 1024;

int main() {
    int sock = 0;
    struct sockaddr_in serv_addr;
    char buffer[BUFFER_SIZE] = {0};
    char *message = "Hello from client!";

    // 创建 socket
    if ((sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0)) < 0) {
        std::cerr << "Socket creation failed"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    serv_addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
    serv_addr.sin_port = htons(PORT);

    // 将 IP 地址转换为二进制格式
    if (inet_pton(AF_INET, SERVER_IP.c_str(), &serv_addr.sin_addr) <= 0) {
        std::cerr << "Invalid address / Address not supported"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 连接到服务器
    if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&serv_addr, sizeof(serv_addr)) < 0) {
        std::cerr << "Connection failed"<< std::endl;
        return -1;
    }

    // 向服务器发送消息
    send(sock, message, strlen(message), 0);

    // 从服务器接收消息
    read(sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE);
    std::cout << "Message from server: "<< buffer<< std::endl;

    // 关闭 socket
    close(sock);

    return 0;
}

编译并运行项目：

cmake .
make
./server &
./client

这个例子展示了如何在 Ubuntu 下使用 C++ 进行基本的网络编程。你可以根据自己的需求修改代码，实现更复杂的功能。

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