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怎么使用NLTK库构建文本分类器

小亿
86
2024-05-13 13:55:24
栏目: 编程语言

使用NLTK库构建文本分类器的步骤如下:

  1. 导入NLTK库和所需的数据集:
import nltk
from nltk.corpus import movie_reviews
  1. 准备数据集:
documents = [(list(movie_reviews.words(fileid)), category)
             for category in movie_reviews.categories()
             for fileid in movie_reviews.fileids(category)]
  1. 对文本数据进行预处理,如分词、去除停用词、词干提取等:
all_words = nltk.FreqDist(w.lower() for w in movie_reviews.words())
word_features = list(all_words)[:2000]

def document_features(document):
    document_words = set(document)
    features = {}
    for word in word_features:
        features['contains({})'.format(word)] = (word in document_words)
    return features
    
featuresets = [(document_features(d), c) for (d,c) in documents]
  1. 划分数据集为训练集和测试集:
train_set, test_set = featuresets[100:], featuresets[:100]
  1. 构建分类器模型:
classifier = nltk.NaiveBayesClassifier.train(train_set)
  1. 对测试集进行预测并评估分类器性能:
print(nltk.classify.accuracy(classifier, test_set))
classifier.show_most_informative_features(5)

通过以上步骤,您就可以使用NLTK库构建一个简单的文本分类器并对其进行评估。您还可以根据具体的需求和数据集调整参数和模型,在实际应用中不断优化文本分类器的性能。

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