1、实现代码
#创建
stu_info = { "xiedi":28, "liuhailin":27,"daiqiao":30,"hanwenhai":25,"chenqun":38}
print(stu_info)
#增加
stu_info["luoahong"]=32
print(stu_info)
#修改
stu_info["xiedi"]=29
print(stu_info)
输出结果
{'xiedi': 28, 'liuhailin': 27, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25, 'chenqun': 38}
{'xiedi': 28, 'liuhailin': 27, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25, 'chenqun': 38, 'luoahong': 32}
{'xiedi': 29, 'liuhailin': 27, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25, 'chenqun': 38, 'luoahong': 32}
1、实现代码
del stu_info["chenqun"] print(stu_info)
2、输出结果
{'xiedi': 29, 'liuhailin': 27, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25, 'luoahong': 32}
int
PyDict_DelItem(PyObject *op, PyObject *key)
{
Py_hash_t hash;
assert(key);
if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
(hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) {
hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
if (hash == -1)
return -1;
}
return _PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(op, key, hash);
}
int
_PyDict_DelItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
{
Py_ssize_t ix;
PyDictObject *mp;
PyObject *old_value;
if (!PyDict_Check(op)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return -1;
}
assert(key);
assert(hash != -1);
mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value);
if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
return -1;
if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || old_value == NULL) {
_PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
return -1;
}
// Split table doesn't allow deletion. Combine it.
if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) {
if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) {
return -1;
}
ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value);
assert(ix >= 0);
}
return delitem_common(mp, hash, ix, old_value);
}
/* This function promises that the predicate -> deletion sequence is atomic
* (i.e. protected by the GIL), assuming the predicate itself doesn't
* release the GIL.
*/
int
_PyDict_DelItemIf(PyObject *op, PyObject *key,
int (*predicate)(PyObject *value))
{
Py_ssize_t hashpos, ix;
PyDictObject *mp;
Py_hash_t hash;
PyObject *old_value;
int res;
if (!PyDict_Check(op)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return -1;
}
assert(key);
hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
if (hash == -1)
return -1;
mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value);
if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
return -1;
if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || old_value == NULL) {
_PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
return -1;
}
// Split table doesn't allow deletion. Combine it.
if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) {
if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) {
return -1;
}
ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value);
assert(ix >= 0);
}
res = predicate(old_value);
if (res == -1)
return -1;
hashpos = lookdict_index(mp->ma_keys, hash, ix);
assert(hashpos >= 0);
if (res > 0)
return delitem_common(mp, hashpos, ix, old_value);
else
return 0;
}
实现
stu_info = { "xiedi":28, "liuhailin":27,"daiqiao":30,"hanwenhai":25,"chenqun":38}
print(stu_info)
stu_info.pop("liuhailin")
print(stu_info)
输出结果：
{'xiedi': 28, 'liuhailin': 27, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25, 'chenqun': 38}
{'xiedi': 28, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25, 'chenqun': 38}
PyObject *
_PyDict_Pop(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key, PyObject *deflt)
{
Py_hash_t hash;
if (((PyDictObject *)dict)->ma_used == 0) {
if (deflt) {
Py_INCREF(deflt);
return deflt;
}
_PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
return NULL;
}
if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
(hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) {
hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
if (hash == -1)
return NULL;
}
return _PyDict_Pop_KnownHash(dict, key, hash, deflt);
}
/* Internal version of dict.pop(). */
PyObject *
_PyDict_Pop_KnownHash(PyObject *dict, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject *deflt)
{
Py_ssize_t ix, hashpos;
PyObject *old_value, *old_key;
PyDictKeyEntry *ep;
PyDictObject *mp;
assert(PyDict_Check(dict));
mp = (PyDictObject *)dict;
if (mp->ma_used == 0) {
if (deflt) {
Py_INCREF(deflt);
return deflt;
}
_PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
return NULL;
}
ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value);
if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
return NULL;
if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || old_value == NULL) {
if (deflt) {
Py_INCREF(deflt);
return deflt;
}
_PyErr_SetKeyError(key);
return NULL;
}
// Split table doesn't allow deletion. Combine it.
if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) {
if (dictresize(mp, DK_SIZE(mp->ma_keys))) {
return NULL;
}
ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &old_value);
assert(ix >= 0);
}
hashpos = lookdict_index(mp->ma_keys, hash, ix);
assert(hashpos >= 0);
assert(old_value != NULL);
mp->ma_used--;
mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION();
dictkeys_set_index(mp->ma_keys, hashpos, DKIX_DUMMY);
ep = &DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys)[ix];
ENSURE_ALLOWS_DELETIONS(mp);
old_key = ep->me_key;
ep->me_key = NULL;
ep->me_value = NULL;
Py_DECREF(old_key);
ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
return old_value;
}
stu_info = { "xiedi":28, "liuhailin":27,"daiqiao":30,"hanwenhai":25,"chenqun":38}
print(stu_info)
stu_info.popitem()
print(stu_info)
输出结果：
{'xiedi': 28, 'liuhailin': 27, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25, 'chenqun': 38}
{'xiedi': 28, 'liuhailin': 27, 'daiqiao': 30, 'hanwenhai': 25}
/*[clinic input]
dict.popitem
Remove and return a (key, value) pair as a 2-tuple.
Pairs are returned in LIFO (last-in, first-out) order.
Raises KeyError if the dict is empty.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
dict_popitem_impl(PyDictObject *self)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=e65fcb04420d230d input=1c38a49f21f64941]*/
{
Py_ssize_t i, j;
PyDictKeyEntry *ep0, *ep;
PyObject *res;
/* Allocate the result tuple before checking the size. Believe it
* or not, this allocation could trigger a garbage collection which
* could empty the dict, so if we checked the size first and that
* happened, the result would be an infinite loop (searching for an
* entry that no longer exists). Note that the usual popitem()
* idiom is "while d: k, v = d.popitem()". so needing to throw the
* tuple away if the dict *is* empty isn't a significant
* inefficiency -- possible, but unlikely in practice.
*/
res = PyTuple_New(2);
if (res == NULL)
return NULL;
if (self->ma_used == 0) {
Py_DECREF(res);
PyErr_SetString(PyExc_KeyError, "popitem(): dictionary is empty");
return NULL;
}
/* Convert split table to combined table */
if (self->ma_keys->dk_lookup == lookdict_split) {
if (dictresize(self, DK_SIZE(self->ma_keys))) {
Py_DECREF(res);
return NULL;
}
}
ENSURE_ALLOWS_DELETIONS(self);
/* Pop last item */
ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(self->ma_keys);
i = self->ma_keys->dk_nentries - 1;
while (i >= 0 && ep0[i].me_value == NULL) {
i--;
}
assert(i >= 0);
ep = &ep0[i];
j = lookdict_index(self->ma_keys, ep->me_hash, i);
assert(j >= 0);
assert(dictkeys_get_index(self->ma_keys, j) == i);
dictkeys_set_index(self->ma_keys, j, DKIX_DUMMY);
PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 0, ep->me_key);
PyTuple_SET_ITEM(res, 1, ep->me_value);
ep->me_key = NULL;
ep->me_value = NULL;
/* We can't dk_usable++ since there is DKIX_DUMMY in indices */
self->ma_keys->dk_nentries = i;
self->ma_used--;
self->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION();
ASSERT_CONSISTENT(self);
return res;
}
static PyObject *
dict_keys(PyDictObject *mp)
{
PyObject *v;
Py_ssize_t i, j;
PyDictKeyEntry *ep;
Py_ssize_t n, offset;
PyObject **value_ptr;
again:
n = mp->ma_used;
v = PyList_New(n);
if (v == NULL)
return NULL;
if (n != mp->ma_used) {
/* Durnit. The allocations caused the dict to resize.
* Just start over, this shouldn't normally happen.
*/
Py_DECREF(v);
goto again;
}
ep = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys);
if (mp->ma_values) {
value_ptr = mp->ma_values;
offset = sizeof(PyObject *);
}
else {
value_ptr = &ep[0].me_value;
offset = sizeof(PyDictKeyEntry);
}
for (i = 0, j = 0; j < n; i++) {
if (*value_ptr != NULL) {
PyObject *key = ep[i].me_key;
Py_INCREF(key);
PyList_SET_ITEM(v, j, key);
j++;
}
value_ptr = (PyObject **)(((char *)value_ptr) + offset);
}
assert(j == n);
return v;
}
PyObject *
PyDict_Keys(PyObject *mp)
{
if (mp == NULL || !PyDict_Check(mp)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return NULL;
}
return dict_keys((PyDictObject *)mp);
}
PyObject *
PyDict_Values(PyObject *mp)
{
if (mp == NULL || !PyDict_Check(mp)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return NULL;
}
return dict_values((PyDictObject *)mp);
}
static PyObject *
dict_get_impl(PyDictObject *self, PyObject *key, PyObject *default_value)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=bba707729dee05bf input=279ddb5790b6b107]*/
{
PyObject *val = NULL;
Py_hash_t hash;
Py_ssize_t ix;
if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
(hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) {
hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
if (hash == -1)
return NULL;
}
ix = (self->ma_keys->dk_lookup) (self, key, hash, &val);
if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
return NULL;
if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY || val == NULL) {
val = default_value;
}
Py_INCREF(val);
return val;
}
/* Same as PyDict_GetItemWithError() but with hash supplied by caller.
This returns NULL *with* an exception set if an exception occurred.
It returns NULL *without* an exception set if the key wasn't present.
*/
PyObject *
_PyDict_GetItem_KnownHash(PyObject *op, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash)
{
Py_ssize_t ix;
PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)op;
PyObject *value;
if (!PyDict_Check(op)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return NULL;
}
ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value);
if (ix < 0) {
return NULL;
}
return value;
}
PyObject *
_PyDict_GetItemId(PyObject *dp, struct _Py_Identifier *key)
{
PyObject *kv;
kv = _PyUnicode_FromId(key); /* borrowed */
if (kv == NULL) {
PyErr_Clear();
return NULL;
}
return PyDict_GetItem(dp, kv);
}
/* For backward compatibility with old dictionary interface */
PyObject *
PyDict_GetItemString(PyObject *v, const char *key)
{
PyObject *kv, *rv;
kv = PyUnicode_FromString(key);
if (kv == NULL) {
PyErr_Clear();
return NULL;
}
rv = PyDict_GetItem(v, kv);
Py_DECREF(kv);
return rv;
}
int
_PyDict_SetItemId(PyObject *v, struct _Py_Identifier *key, PyObject *item)
{
PyObject *kv;
kv = _PyUnicode_FromId(key); /* borrowed */
if (kv == NULL)
return -1;
return PyDict_SetItem(v, kv, item);
}
int
PyDict_SetItemString(PyObject *v, const char *key, PyObject *item)
{
PyObject *kv;
int err;
kv = PyUnicode_FromString(key);
if (kv == NULL)
return -1;
PyUnicode_InternInPlace(&kv); /* XXX Should we really? */
err = PyDict_SetItem(v, kv, item);
Py_DECREF(kv);
return err;
}
setdefault()表示去取字典中的key，如果取不到，则设置新值，相反如果取到，则返回原有默认值
/*[clinic input]
dict.setdefault
key: object
default: object = None
/
Insert key with a value of default if key is not in the dictionary.
Return the value for key if key is in the dictionary, else default.
[clinic start generated code]*/
static PyObject *
dict_setdefault_impl(PyDictObject *self, PyObject *key,
PyObject *default_value)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=f8c1101ebf69e220 input=0f063756e815fd9d]*/
{
PyObject *val;
val = PyDict_SetDefault((PyObject *)self, key, default_value);
Py_XINCREF(val);
return val;
}
static PyObject *
dict_clear(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
PyDict_Clear((PyObject *)mp);
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
/*[clinic input]
dict.pop
key: object
default: object = NULL
/
PyObject *
PyDict_SetDefault(PyObject *d, PyObject *key, PyObject *defaultobj)
{
PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;
PyObject *value;
Py_hash_t hash;
if (!PyDict_Check(d)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return NULL;
}
if (!PyUnicode_CheckExact(key) ||
(hash = ((PyASCIIObject *) key)->hash) == -1) {
hash = PyObject_Hash(key);
if (hash == -1)
return NULL;
}
if (mp->ma_keys == Py_EMPTY_KEYS) {
if (insert_to_emptydict(mp, key, hash, defaultobj) < 0) {
return NULL;
}
return defaultobj;
}
if (mp->ma_values != NULL && !PyUnicode_CheckExact(key)) {
if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0)
return NULL;
}
Py_ssize_t ix = (mp->ma_keys->dk_lookup)(mp, key, hash, &value);
if (ix == DKIX_ERROR)
return NULL;
if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp) &&
((ix >= 0 && value == NULL && mp->ma_used != ix) ||
(ix == DKIX_EMPTY && mp->ma_used != mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries))) {
if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) {
return NULL;
}
ix = DKIX_EMPTY;
}
if (ix == DKIX_EMPTY) {
PyDictKeyEntry *ep, *ep0;
value = defaultobj;
if (mp->ma_keys->dk_usable <= 0) {
if (insertion_resize(mp) < 0) {
return NULL;
}
}
Py_ssize_t hashpos = find_empty_slot(mp->ma_keys, hash);
ep0 = DK_ENTRIES(mp->ma_keys);
ep = &ep0[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries];
dictkeys_set_index(mp->ma_keys, hashpos, mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries);
Py_INCREF(key);
Py_INCREF(value);
MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value);
ep->me_key = key;
ep->me_hash = hash;
if (_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp)) {
assert(mp->ma_values[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries] == NULL);
mp->ma_values[mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries] = value;
}
else {
ep->me_value = value;
}
mp->ma_used++;
mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION();
mp->ma_keys->dk_usable--;
mp->ma_keys->dk_nentries++;
assert(mp->ma_keys->dk_usable >= 0);
}
else if (value == NULL) {
value = defaultobj;
assert(_PyDict_HasSplitTable(mp));
assert(ix == mp->ma_used);
Py_INCREF(value);
MAINTAIN_TRACKING(mp, key, value);
mp->ma_values[ix] = value;
mp->ma_used++;
mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION();
}
ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
return value;
}
update()是把两个字典合并成一个新的字典，中间有交叉的key，更新替换成新值，没有交叉就直接创建
static int
dict_update_common(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds,
const char *methname)
{
PyObject *arg = NULL;
int result = 0;
if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, methname, 0, 1, &arg)) {
result = -1;
}
else if (arg != NULL) {
if (PyDict_CheckExact(arg)) {
result = PyDict_Merge(self, arg, 1);
}
else {
_Py_IDENTIFIER(keys);
PyObject *func;
if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(arg, &PyId_keys, &func) < 0) {
result = -1;
}
else if (func != NULL) {
Py_DECREF(func);
result = PyDict_Merge(self, arg, 1);
}
else {
result = PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(self, arg, 1);
}
}
}
if (result == 0 && kwds != NULL) {
if (PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments(kwds))
result = PyDict_Merge(self, kwds, 1);
else
result = -1;
}
return result;
}
static PyObject *
dict_update(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds)
{
if (dict_update_common(self, args, kwds, "update") != -1)
Py_RETURN_NONE;
return NULL;
}
/* Update unconditionally replaces existing items.
Merge has a 3rd argument 'override'; if set, it acts like Update,
otherwise it leaves existing items unchanged.
PyDict_{Update,Merge} update/merge from a mapping object.
PyDict_MergeFromSeq2 updates/merges from any iterable object
producing iterable objects of length 2.
*/
int
PyDict_Update(PyObject *a, PyObject *b)
{
return dict_merge(a, b, 1);
}
PyObject *
PyDict_Items(PyObject *mp)
{
if (mp == NULL || !PyDict_Check(mp)) {
PyErr_BadInternalCall();
return NULL;
}
return dict_items((PyDictObject *)mp);
}
/* Return 1 if dicts equal, 0 if not, -1 if error.
* Gets out as soon as any difference is detected.
* Uses only Py_EQ comparison.
*/
/* Internal version of dict.from_keys(). It is subclass-friendly. */
PyObject *
_PyDict_FromKeys(PyObject *cls, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value)
{
PyObject *it; /* iter(iterable) */
PyObject *key;
PyObject *d;
int status;
d = _PyObject_CallNoArg(cls);
if (d == NULL)
return NULL;
if (PyDict_CheckExact(d) && ((PyDictObject *)d)->ma_used == 0) {
if (PyDict_CheckExact(iterable)) {
PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;
PyObject *oldvalue;
Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
PyObject *key;
Py_hash_t hash;
if (dictresize(mp, ESTIMATE_SIZE(PyDict_GET_SIZE(iterable)))) {
Py_DECREF(d);
return NULL;
}
while (_PyDict_Next(iterable, &pos, &key, &oldvalue, &hash)) {
if (insertdict(mp, key, hash, value)) {
Py_DECREF(d);
return NULL;
}
}
return d;
}
if (PyAnySet_CheckExact(iterable)) {
PyDictObject *mp = (PyDictObject *)d;
Py_ssize_t pos = 0;
PyObject *key;
Py_hash_t hash;
if (dictresize(mp, ESTIMATE_SIZE(PySet_GET_SIZE(iterable)))) {
Py_DECREF(d);
return NULL;
}
while (_PySet_NextEntry(iterable, &pos, &key, &hash)) {
if (insertdict(mp, key, hash, value)) {
Py_DECREF(d);
return NULL;
}
}
return d;
}
}
it = PyObject_GetIter(iterable);
if (it == NULL){
Py_DECREF(d);
return NULL;
}
if (PyDict_CheckExact(d)) {
while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
status = PyDict_SetItem(d, key, value);
Py_DECREF(key);
if (status < 0)
goto Fail;
}
} else {
while ((key = PyIter_Next(it)) != NULL) {
status = PyObject_SetItem(d, key, value);
Py_DECREF(key);
if (status < 0)
goto Fail;
}
}
if (PyErr_Occurred())
goto Fail;
Py_DECREF(it);
return d;
Fail:
Py_DECREF(it);
Py_DECREF(d);
return NULL;
}
static PyObject *
dict_fromkeys_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *iterable, PyObject *value)
/*[clinic end generated code: output=8fb98e4b10384999 input=382ba4855d0f74c3]*/
{
return _PyDict_FromKeys((PyObject *)type, iterable, value);
}
static int
dict_update_common(PyObject *self, PyObject *args, PyObject *kwds,
const char *methname)
{
PyObject *arg = NULL;
int result = 0;
if (!PyArg_UnpackTuple(args, methname, 0, 1, &arg)) {
result = -1;
}
else if (arg != NULL) {
if (PyDict_CheckExact(arg)) {
result = PyDict_Merge(self, arg, 1);
}
else {
_Py_IDENTIFIER(keys);
PyObject *func;
if (_PyObject_LookupAttrId(arg, &PyId_keys, &func) < 0) {
result = -1;
}
else if (func != NULL) {
Py_DECREF(func);
result = PyDict_Merge(self, arg, 1);
}
else {
result = PyDict_MergeFromSeq2(self, arg, 1);
}
}
}
if (result == 0 && kwds != NULL) {
if (PyArg_ValidateKeywordArguments(kwds))
result = PyDict_Merge(self, kwds, 1);
else
result = -1;
}
return result;
}
/* Note: dict.update() uses the METH_VARARGS|METH_KEYWORDS calling convention.
Using METH_FASTCALL|METH_KEYWORDS would make dict.update(**dict2) calls
slower, see the issue #29312. */
int
PyDict_ClearFreeList(void)
{
PyDictObject *op;
int ret = numfree + numfreekeys;
while (numfree) {
op = free_list[--numfree];
assert(PyDict_CheckExact(op));
PyObject_GC_Del(op);
}
while (numfreekeys) {
PyObject_FREE(keys_free_list[--numfreekeys]);
}
return ret;
}
void
PyDict_Clear(PyObject *op)
{
PyDictObject *mp;
PyDictKeysObject *oldkeys;
PyObject **oldvalues;
Py_ssize_t i, n;
if (!PyDict_Check(op))
return;
mp = ((PyDictObject *)op);
oldkeys = mp->ma_keys;
oldvalues = mp->ma_values;
if (oldvalues == empty_values)
return;
/* Empty the dict... */
dictkeys_incref(Py_EMPTY_KEYS);
mp->ma_keys = Py_EMPTY_KEYS;
mp->ma_values = empty_values;
mp->ma_used = 0;
mp->ma_version_tag = DICT_NEXT_VERSION();
/* ...then clear the keys and values */
if (oldvalues != NULL) {
n = oldkeys->dk_nentries;
for (i = 0; i < n; i++)
Py_CLEAR(oldvalues[i]);
free_values(oldvalues);
dictkeys_decref(oldkeys);
}
else {
assert(oldkeys->dk_refcnt == 1);
dictkeys_decref(oldkeys);
}
ASSERT_CONSISTENT(mp);
}
static PyObject *
dict_clear(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *Py_UNUSED(ignored))
{
PyDict_Clear((PyObject *)mp);
Py_RETURN_NONE;
}
static int
dict_tp_clear(PyObject *op)
{
PyDict_Clear(op);
return 0;
}
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