socket选项函数
功能:用来读取和设置socket文件描述符属性的方法
#include <sys/scoket.h> int getsockopt ( int sockfd, int level, int option_name, void* option_value, socklen_t* restrict option_len ); int setsockopt ( int sockfd, int level, int option_name, const void* option_value, socklen_t option_len);
socket选项表如下:
getsockopt和setsockopt 这两个函数成功时返回0,失败时返回-1并设置errno。
对于服务器而言,有部分socket选项只能在调用listen系统调用前针对监听socket设置才有效。这是因为连接socket只能由accept调用返回,而accept从listen监听队列接受的连接至少已经完成了TCP三次握手的前两个步骤(因为listen监听队列中的连接至少已进入SYN_RCVD状态),这说明服务器已经往被接收连接上发送出了TCP同步报文段。但有的socket选项却应该在TCP同步报文段中设置,比如TCP最大报文段选项。对这种情况,linux给开发人员提供的解决方案是:对监听socket设置这些socket选项,那么accept返回的连接socket将自动继承这些选项。这些选项包括:SO_DEBUG、SO_DONTROUTE、SO_KEEPALIVE、SO_LINGER、SO_OOBINLINE、SO_RCVBUF、SO_RCVLOWAT、SO_SNDBUF、SO_SNDLOWAT、TCP_MAXSEG和TCP_NODELAY。
对于客户端而言,这些socket选项则应该在调用connect函数之前设置,因为connect调用成功返回之后,TCP三次握手已完成。
SO_REUSEADDR选项
前面讨论过TCP连接的TIME_WAIT状态,并提到服务器程序可以通过设置socket选项SO_REUSEADDR来强制使用被处于TIME_WAIT状态的连接占用的socket地址。
#include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <assert.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { if( argc <= 2 ) { printf( "usage: %s ip_address port_number\n", basename( argv[0] ) ); return 1; } const char* ip = argv[1]; int port = atoi( argv[2] ); int sock = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ); assert( sock >= 0 ); int reuse = 1; setsockopt( sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_REUSEADDR, &reuse, sizeof( reuse ) ); struct sockaddr_in address; bzero( &address, sizeof( address ) ); address.sin_family = AF_INET; inet_pton( AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr ); address.sin_port = htons( port ); int ret = bind( sock, ( struct sockaddr* )&address, sizeof( address ) ); assert( ret != -1 ); ret = listen( sock, 5 ); assert( ret != -1 ); struct sockaddr_in client; socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client ); int connfd = accept( sock, ( struct sockaddr* )&client, &client_addrlength ); if ( connfd < 0 ) { printf( "errno is: %d\n", errno ); } else { char remote[INET_ADDRSTRLEN ]; printf( "connected with ip: %s and port: %d\n", inet_ntop( AF_INET, &client.sin_addr, remote, INET_ADDRSTRLEN ), ntohs( client.sin_port ) ); close( connfd ); } close( sock ); return 0; }
经过setsocketopt的设置之后,即使sock处于TIME_WAIT状态,与之绑定的socket地址也可以立即被重用。此外,我们也可以通过修改内核参数/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_tw_recycle 来快速回收被关闭的socket,从而使得TCP连接根本就不进入TIME_WAIT状态,进而允许应用程序立即重用本地的socket地址。
SO_RCVBUF和SO_SNDBUF选项
SO_RCVBUF和SO_SNDBUF选项分别表示TCP接收缓冲区和发送缓冲区的大小。不过,当我们用setsockopt来设置TCP的接收缓冲区和发送缓冲区的大小时,系统都会将其值加倍,并且不得小于其个最小值。TCP接收缓冲区的最小值是256字节,而发送缓冲区的最小值是2048字节(不过,不同的系统可能有不同的默认最小值)。此外,我们可以直接修改内核参数/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_rmem和/proc/sys/net/ipv4/tcp_wmem来强制TCP接收缓冲区和发送缓冲区的大小没有最小值限制。
修改TCP发送缓冲区的客户端程序:
#include <sys/socket.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <assert.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <string.h> #include <stdlib.h> #define BUFFER_SIZE 512 int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { if( argc <= 3 ) { printf( "usage: %s ip_address port_number send_bufer_size\n", basename( argv[0] ) ); return 1; } const char* ip = argv[1]; int port = atoi( argv[2] ); struct sockaddr_in server_address; bzero( &server_address, sizeof( server_address ) ); server_address.sin_family = AF_INET; inet_pton( AF_INET, ip, &server_address.sin_addr ); server_address.sin_port = htons( port ); int sock = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ); assert( sock >= 0 ); int sendbuf = atoi( argv[3] ); int len = sizeof( sendbuf ); setsockopt( sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sendbuf, sizeof( sendbuf ) ); getsockopt( sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_SNDBUF, &sendbuf, ( socklen_t* )&len ); printf( "the tcp send buffer size after setting is %d\n", sendbuf ); if ( connect( sock, ( struct sockaddr* )&server_address, sizeof( server_address ) ) != -1 ) { char buffer[ BUFFER_SIZE ]; memset( buffer, 'a', BUFFER_SIZE ); send( sock, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE, 0 ); } close( sock ); return 0; }
修改TCP接收缓冲区的服务器程序:
#include <sys/socket.h> #include <netinet/in.h> #include <arpa/inet.h> #include <assert.h> #include <stdio.h> #include <unistd.h> #include <stdlib.h> #include <errno.h> #include <string.h> #define BUFFER_SIZE 1024 int main( int argc, char* argv[] ) { if( argc <= 3 ) { printf( "usage: %s ip_address port_number receive_buffer_size\n", basename( argv[0] ) ); return 1; } const char* ip = argv[1]; int port = atoi( argv[2] ); struct sockaddr_in address; bzero( &address, sizeof( address ) ); address.sin_family = AF_INET; inet_pton( AF_INET, ip, &address.sin_addr ); address.sin_port = htons( port ); int sock = socket( PF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0 ); assert( sock >= 0 ); int recvbuf = atoi( argv[3] ); int len = sizeof( recvbuf ); setsockopt( sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &recvbuf, sizeof( recvbuf ) ); getsockopt( sock, SOL_SOCKET, SO_RCVBUF, &recvbuf, ( socklen_t* )&len ); printf( "the receive buffer size after settting is %d\n", recvbuf ); int ret = bind( sock, ( struct sockaddr* )&address, sizeof( address ) ); assert( ret != -1 ); ret = listen( sock, 5 ); assert( ret != -1 ); struct sockaddr_in client; socklen_t client_addrlength = sizeof( client ); int connfd = accept( sock, ( struct sockaddr* )&client, &client_addrlength ); if ( connfd < 0 ) { printf( "errno is: %d\n", errno ); } else { char buffer[ BUFFER_SIZE ]; memset( buffer, '\0', BUFFER_SIZE ); while( recv( connfd, buffer, BUFFER_SIZE-1, 0 ) > 0 ){} close( connfd ); } close( sock ); return 0; }
运行结果:
root@iZbp1anc6yju2dks3nw5j0Z:~/test/socket# ./client 127.0.0.1 12345 2000
the tcp send buffer size after setting is 4608
root@iZbp1anc6yju2dks3nw5j0Z:~/test/socket# ./server 127.0.0.1 12345 50
the receive buffer size after settting is 2304
如上说明:当我们用setsockopt来设置TCP的接收缓冲区和发送缓冲区的大小时,系统都会将其值加倍,并且不得小于其个最小值。
SO_RCVLOWAT和SO_SNDLOWAT选项
SO_LINGER选项
SO_LINGER选项用于控制close系统调用在关闭TCP连接时的行为。默认情况下,当我们使用close系统调用来关闭一个socket时,close将立即返回,TCP模块负责把该socket对应的TCP发送缓冲区中残留的数据发送给对方。
设置SO_LINGER选项的值时,我们需要给setsockopt(getsockopt)系统调用传递一个linger类型的结构体,其定义如下:
#include <sys/socket.h> struct linger { int l_onoff; //开启(非0)还是关闭(0)该选项 int l_linger; // 滞留时间 };
以上就是本文的全部内容,希望对大家的学习有所帮助,也希望大家多多支持亿速云。
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