利用ZABBIX进行服务器自动巡检并导出报表

实现思路

主要是利用zabbix的api来对数据进行获取处理，实现思路如下：

1. zabbix提供了丰富的api，可以根据此api获取zabbix得主机信息，监控项ID，监控项的趋势数据和历史数据
2. 首先根据主机组ID获取组内的所有主机信息，包括主机名和IP地址
3. 循环主机组内的主机ID，并在循环里再嵌套一个根据监控项键值获取监控项ID的请求
4. 根据获取到的监控项ID分别获取历史数据和趋势数据
5. 将历史数据和趋势数据的值写到一个字典里，并把循环之后的所有字典添加到列表中
6. 将列表中的信息写入到Excel中，把脚本放到定时任务中定时执行

定义获取的时间间隔

x=(datetime.datetime.now()-datetime.timedelta(minutes=120)).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
y=(datetime.datetime.now()).strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
def timestamp(x,y):
    p=time.strptime(x,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    starttime = str(int(time.mktime(p)))
    q=time.strptime(y,"%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    endtime= str(int(time.mktime(q)))
    return starttime,endtime

根据主机组ID获取主机信息

def get_hosts(groupids,auth):
    data ={
            "jsonrpc": "2.0",
             "method": "host.get",
             "params": {
             "output": [ "name"],
             "groupids": groupids,
             "filter":{
                 "status": "0"
             },
             "selectInterfaces": [   
                        "ip"
                    ],
            },
            "auth": auth,  # theauth id is what auth script returns, remeber it is string
            "id": 1
        }
    gethost=requests.post(url=ApiUrl,headers=header,json=data)
    return json.loads(gethost.content)["result"]

根据获取到的主机信息构建循环，获取主机监控项的数据

获取历史数据

host=[]
    print(hosts)
    for i in hosts:
        item1=[]
        item2=[]
        #print(i)
        dic1={}
        for j in ['vfs.fs.size[C:,total]','vm.memory.size[total]','system.cpu.num']:
            data={
                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                "method": "item.get",
                "params": {
                    "output": [
                        "itemid"

                    ],
                    "search": {
                        "key_": j  
                    },
                    "hostids": i['hostid']
                },
                "auth":auth,
                "id": 1
            }
            getitem=requests.post(url=ApiUrl,headers=header,json=data)
            item=json.loads(getitem.content)['result']

            hisdata={
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "method":"history.get",
                "params":{
                    "output":"extend",                    
                    "time_from":timestamp[0],
                    #"time_till":timestamp[1],
                    "history":0,
                    "sortfield": "clock",
                    "sortorder": "DESC",
                    "itemids": '%s' %(item[0]['itemid']),
                    "limit":1
                },
                "auth": auth,
                "id":1
                }
            gethist=requests.post(url=ApiUrl,headers=header,json=hisdata)
            hist=json.loads(gethist.content)['result']
            item1.append(hist)

获取趋势数据

for j in ['vfs.fs.size[C:,used]','vm.memory.size[used]','system.cpu.load']:
            data={
                "jsonrpc": "2.0",
                "method": "item.get",
                "params": {
                    "output": [
                        "itemid"

                    ],
                    "search": {
                        "key_": j  
                    },
                    "hostids": i['hostid']
                },
                "auth":auth,
                "id": 1
            }
            getitem=requests.post(url=ApiUrl,headers=header,json=data)
            item=json.loads(getitem.content)['result']

            trendata={
                "jsonrpc":"2.0",
                "method":"trend.get",
                "params":{
                    "output": [
                        "itemid",
                        "value_max",
                        "value_avg"
                    ],                    
                    "time_from":timestamp[0],
                    "time_till":timestamp[1],
                    "itemids": '%s' %(item[0]['itemid']),
                    "limit":1
                },
                "auth": auth,
                "id":1
                }
            gettrend=requests.post(url=ApiUrl,headers=header,json=trendata)
            trend=json.loads(gettrend.content)['result']
            item2.append(trend) 

对获取到的数据进行处理，并导出到csv文件中

dic1['Hostname']=i['name']
        dic1['IP']=i['interfaces'][0]['ip']
        dic1['磁盘C:Total(B)']=round(float(item1[0][0]['value'])/1024**3,2)
        dic1['磁盘最大C:Used(B)']=round(float(item2[0][0]['value_max'])/1024**3,2)
        dic1['内存Total(B)']=round(float(item1[1][0]['value'])/1024**3,2)
        dic1['内存最大Used(B)']=round(float(item2[1][0]['value_max'])/1024**3,2)
        dic1['内存平均used(B)']=round(float(item2[1][0]['value_avg'])/1024**3,2)
        dic1['CPU负载最大值']=item2[2][0]['value_max']
        dic1['CPU负载平均值']=item2[2][0]['value_avg']
        dic1['CPU 核数']=item1[2][0]['value']
        x = time.localtime(int(item1[2][0]['clock']))
        item1[2][0]['clock'] = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S", x)
        dic1['clock']=item1[2][0]['clock']
        host.append(dic1)  
        print(item)
    print(host)
    return host       
def writecsv(getitem1):
    with open('data.csv','w',encoding='utf-8-sig') as f:
        #f.write(codecs.BOM_UTF8)
        writer = csv.DictWriter(f,csvheader)
        writer.writeheader()
        for row in getitem1:
            writer.writerow(row)

实现效果如下：

完整代码可以访问github地址：“https://github.com/sunsharing-note/zabbix/blob/master/xunjian_auto.py”
zabbix API地址：https://www.zabbix.com/documentation/4.0/zh/manual/api/reference/history/get

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