LNMP架构搭建Discuz论坛（实战！）

什么是LNMP架构

LNMP平台就是Linux、Ngnix、 MySQL、 PHP的组合架构，需要Linux服务器、MySQL数据库、PHP解析环境

MySQL安装配置

为了与Nginx、PHP环境保持一致，此处选择采用源代码编译的方式安装MySQL组件

MySQL部署的方法

• 编译安装MySQL
• 优化调整
• 初始化数据库
• 启动mysq|服务并设置root数据库账号的密码

PHP解析环境的安装

配置网页动静分离，解析PHP,有两种方法可以选择

• 使用PHP的FPM模块
• 将访问PHP页面的Web请求转交给Apache服务器去处理

较新版本的PHP已经自带FPM模块，用来对PHP解析实例进行管理、优化解析效率

• FastCGI将Http Server和动态脚本语言分离开
• Nginx专门处理静态请求，转发动态请求
• PHP_FPM专门 ]解析PHP动态请求

单服务器的LNMP架构通常使用FPM的方式来解析PHP，本次也使用FPM模块处理动态请求。

PHP编译安装步骤

• 编译安装PHP
• 编译选项时添加"--enable-fpm” 以启用此模块
• 安装后的调整，主要是配置文件的建立与相应命令工具的路径优化
• 安装ZendGuardloader (提高PHP解析效率)，并进行加载配置

实验准备

1.将宿主机上的工具包共享出去

2.通过Samba服务将工具包挂载到Linux系统

[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /mnt/tools
[root@localhost ~]# smbclient -L //192.168.100.50/
Enter SAMBA\root's password: 
OS=[Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 17763] Server=[Windows 10 Enterprise LTSC 2019 6.3]

    Sharename       Type      Comment
    ---------       ----      -------
    IPC$            IPC       远程 IPC
    share           Disk      
    tools           Disk      
    Users           Disk      
Connection to 192.168.100.50 failed (Error NT_STATUS_RESOURCE_NAME_NOT_FOUND)
NetBIOS over TCP disabled -- no workgroup available
[root@localhost ~]# mount.cifs //192.168.100.50/tools /mnt/tools/
Password for root@//192.168.100.50/tools:  
[root@localhost ~]# 

编译安装Nginx服务

1.将nginx服务源码包解压到“/opt/”目录

[root@localhost ~]# cd /mnt/tools/
[root@localhost tools]# ls
awstats-7.6.tar.gz                extundelete-0.2.4.tar.bz2  forbid.png                 jdk-8u191-windows-x64.zip  LAMP-C7  picture.jpg
cronolog-1.6.2-14.el7.x86_64.rpm  fiddler.exe                intellijideahahau2018.rar  john-1.8.0.tar.gz          LNMP
[root@localhost tools]# cd LNMP/
[root@localhost LNMP]# ls
Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip  mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz  php-7.1.10.tar.bz2  php-7.1.20.tar.gz
[root@localhost LNMP]# tar zxvf nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz -C /opt/
...............//省略解压过程
[root@localhost LNMP]#

2.安装编译所需工具包

[root@localhost ~]# yum install gcc gcc-c++ pcre-devel zlib-devel -y
...........//省略安装过程
[root@localhost ~]#

3.切换到nginx服务源码包目录，创建一个nginx用户

[root@localhost LNMP]# cd /opt/
[root@localhost opt]# ls
nginx-1.12.2  rh
[root@localhost opt]# cd nginx-1.12.2/
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ls
auto  CHANGES  CHANGES.ru  conf  configure  contrib  html  LICENSE  man  README  src
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# 
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx    //-M 不创建家目录
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# id nginx
uid=1001(nginx) gid=1001(nginx) 组=1001(nginx)
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# 

4.配置nginx服务

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ./configure \
> --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \      //安装路径
> --user=nginx \    //属主
> --group=nginx \   //属组
> --with-http_stub_status_module   //启用统计模块

5.编译安装nginx服务

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# make && make install
..........//省略过程
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]#

6.在易于系统识别的目录下，建立nginx服务命令的软链接

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# ln -s /usr/local/nginx/sbin/* /usr/local/sbin/   //建立软链接
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# nginx -t    //配置文件测试
nginx: the configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf syntax is ok
nginx: configuration file /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf test is successful
[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# 

7.制作nginx服务管理脚本（任选一种即可）

脚本一：通过“systemctl”命令管理

[root@localhost nginx-1.12.2]# cd /lib/systemd/system
[root@localhost system]# vim nginx.service

[Unit]
Description=nginx
After=network.target
[Service]
Type=forking
PIDFile=/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid
ExecStart=/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx
ExecReload=/usr/bin/kill -s HUP $MAINPID
ExecStop=/usr/bin/kill -s QUIT $MAINPID
PrivateTmp=true
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target

[root@localhost system]# chmod 754 nginx.service     //添加执行权限
[root@localhost system]# systemctl start nginx.service   //开启服务
[root@localhost system]# netstat -ntap | grep 80   //查看tcp80端口
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      52924/nginx: master 
[root@localhost system]# 
[root@localhost system]# systemctl stop firewalld.service   //关闭防火墙
[root@localhost system]# setenforce 0
[root@localhost system]# 

脚本二：通过“service”命令管理

[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# vim /etc/init.d/nginx

#!/bin/bash
# chkconfig: - 99 20
# description: Nginx Service Control Script
PROG="/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx"
PIDF="/usr/local/nginx/logs/nginx.pid"
case "$1" in
  start)
    $PROG
    ;;
  stop)
    kill -s QUIT $(cat $PIDF)
    ;;
  restart)
    $0 stop
    $0 start
    ;;
  reload)
    kill -s HUP $(cat $PIDF)
    ;;
  *)
        echo "Usage: $0 {start|stop|restart|reload}"
        exit 1
esac
exit 0
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]#
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chmod +x /etc/init.d/nginx   //添加执行权限
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# chkconfig --add nginx    //添加让service能识别nginx服务
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# 
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# service nginx start    //开启服务
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# netstat -ntap | grep 80   //查看tcp80端口
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:80              0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      58696/nginx: master 
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]#
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# systemctl stop firewalld.service    //关闭防火墙
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# setenforce 0
[root@nginx nginx-1.12.2]# 

8.用宿主机浏览器访问nginx服务

编译安装MySQL

1.安装编译mysql所需环境包

[root@localhost system]# yum install ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake -y
.........//省略安装过程
[root@localhost system]# 

2.添加一个mysql用户

[root@localhost system]# useradd -s /sbin/nologin mysql
[root@localhost system]#

3.将mysql源码包解压到“/opt/”目录下

[root@localhost system]# cd /mnt/tools/LNMP/
[root@localhost LNMP]# ls
Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip  mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz  php-7.1.10.tar.bz2  php-7.1.20.tar.gz
[root@localhost LNMP]# tar zxvf mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz -C /opt/
............//省略解压过程
[root@localhost LNMP]#

4.配置mysql服务

[root@localhost LNMP]#cd /opt/mysql-5.7.20/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# ls
boost                cmd-line-utils           Docs                 libevent         mysys      source_downloads  VERSION
BUILD                config.h.cmake           Doxyfile-perfschema  libmysql         mysys_ssl  sql               VERSION.dep
client               configure.cmake          extra                libmysqld        packaging  sql-common        vio
cmake                COPYING                  include              libservices      plugin     storage           win
CMakeCache.txt       CPackConfig.cmake        info_macros.cmake    make_dist.cmake  rapid      strings           zlib
CMakeFiles           CPackSourceConfig.cmake  INSTALL              Makefile         README     support-files
cmake_install.cmake  CTestTestfile.cmake      libbinlogevents      man              regex      testclients
CMakeLists.txt       dbug                     libbinlogstandalone  mysql-test       scripts    unittest
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cmake \
> -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \     //安装路径
> -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \    //定义sock文件连接数据库文件
> -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \    //配置文件目录
> -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \   //PID文件目录
> -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \    //指定字符集，utf8支持中文字符
> -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \    指定字符集默认
> -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \    存储引擎
> -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
> -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \     //数据库数据文件目录
> -DWITH_BOOST=boost \     //底层运行库
> -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1      //主从参数

5.编译安装MySQL服务

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# make && make install
...........//省略编译过程
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]#

6.更改数据库目录属主、属组

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# 

7.修改配置文件

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# vim /etc/my.cnf
[client]                            //客户端
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysql]                           //客户端
port = 3306
default-character-set=utf8
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock

[mysqld]                         //服务器
user = mysql                  //用户
basedir = /usr/local/mysql      //设置mysql的安装目录
datadir = /usr/local/mysql/data    //设置mysql数据库的数据的存放目录
port = 3306                    //设置3306端口
character_set_server=utf8           //中文字符集
pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid     //pid文件路径
socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock     //sock文件路径
server-id = 1                                     //主从参数

sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
//支持模块

8.将mysql相关命令添加本地环境配置中

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# echo 'PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH' >> /etc/profile
//将MySQL写到本地环境配置中
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# echo 'export PATH' >> /etc/profile   //设置全局环境配置
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# source /etc/profile    //重新加载配置文件
[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]#

9.初始化数据库

[root@localhost mysql-5.7.20]# cd /usr/local/mysql/
[root@localhost mysql]# ls
bin  COPYING  COPYING-test  docs  include  lib  man  mysql-test  README  README-test  share  support-files  usr

[root@localhost mysql]# bin/mysqld \
> --initialize-insecure \    //初始化
> --user=mysql \   //用户
> --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \    //安装目录
> --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data   //数据库数据文件目录

10.将MySQL服务配置文件复制到/usr/lib/systemd/system/下便于使用systemctl管理

[root@localhost mysql]# cp usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /lib/systemd/system/
//复制
[root@localhost mysql]# systemctl start mysqld.service   //启动服务
[root@localhost mysql]# netstat -ntap | grep 3306    //查看tcp3306端口
tcp6       0      0 :::3306                 :::*                    LISTEN      78684/mysqld        
[root@localhost mysql]# 

11.配置MySQL密码

[root@localhost mysql]# mysqladmin -u root -p password
Enter password: 
New password: 
Confirm new password: 
Warning: Since password will be sent to server in plain text, use ssl connection to ensure password safety.
[root@localhost mysql]#

12.尝试登陆MySQL数据库

[root@localhost mysql]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password: 
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 5
Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> quit    //退出数据库
Bye
[root@localhost mysql]# 

编译安装PHP

1.安装编译所需环境包

[root@localhost mysql]# yum -y install \
> libjpeg libjpeg-devel \   //jpeg图片格式和开发包
> libpng libpng-devel \     //png图片和开发包
> freetype freetype-devel \    //字体库
> libxml2 libxml2-devel \    xml文件库
> zlib zlib-devel \   //压缩库
> curl curl-devel \   //支持数据文件下载工具
> openssl openssl-devel    //安全访问连接

2.解压源码包

[root@localhost mysql]# cd /mnt/tools/LNMP/
[root@localhost LNMP]# ls
Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip  mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz  php-7.1.10.tar.bz2  php-7.1.20.tar.gz
[root@localhost LNMP]# tar jxvf php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 -C /opt/
..........//省略过程
[root@localhost LNMP]#

3.配置PHP服务

[root@localhost LNMP]# cd /opt/php-7.1.10
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# ./configure 
--prefix=/usr/local/php                        //安装路径
--with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock   //连接文件建立通信桥梁
--with-mysqli                                    //客户端支持库
--with-zlib                                         //压缩
--with-curl                                        //支持上传下载功能
--with-gd                                          //gd图像支持图片处理库
--with-jpeg-dir                                  //jpeg
--with-png-dir                                   //png
--with-freetype-dir                            //字体
--with-openssl                                  //安全访问连接
--enable-fpm                                    //fpm支持动态请求模块
--enable-mbstring                            //支持多字节的字符串
--enable-xml                                    //xml文件
--enable-session                             //session支持会话
--enable-ftp                                     //ftp服务
--enable-pdo                                   //驱动连接管理
--enable-tokenizer                          //PHP自带函数
--enable-zip                                    //zip压缩包

4.编译安装

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# make && make install
..........//省略过程
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]#

5.配置核心配置文件（php.ini核心配置文件，php-fpm.conf进程服务配置文件，www.conf扩展配置文件 ）

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# cp php.ini-development /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini   //复制到安装目录lib库中
[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# vim /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini    //配置核心配置文件

mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock    //默认连接文件
date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai     //时区

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# /usr/local/php/bin/php -m
[PHP Modules]
Core
ctype
curl
date
...........//省略部分内容
zip
zlib

[Zend Modules]

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# 

6.配置及优化FPM模块

[root@localhost php-7.1.10]# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf   //优化复制默认进程服务配置文件
[root@localhost etc]# vim php-fpm.conf

pid = run/php-fpm.pid    //开启fpm.pid进程

[root@localhost etc]#
[root@localhost etc]# ls
pear.conf  php-fpm.conf  php-fpm.conf.default  php-fpm.d
[root@localhost etc]# cd php-fpm.d/
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ls
www.conf.default
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cp www.conf.default www.conf    //优化复制扩展配置文件
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -c /usr/local/php/lib/php.ini 
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# netstat -ntap | grep 9000   //查看端口信息
tcp        0      0 127.0.0.1:9000          0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      87363/php-fpm: mast 
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# ln -s /usr/local/php/bin/* /usr/local/bin/   //查看端口信息
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# 

7.让Nginx支持PHP功能

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf    //配置nginx配置文件

        location ~ \.php$ {
            root           html;
            fastcgi_pass   127.0.0.1:9000;
            fastcgi_index  index.php;
            fastcgi_param  SCRIPT_FILENAME  /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;  //修改站点路径
            include        fastcgi_params;
        }

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# systemctl stop nginx.service    //关闭服务
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# systemctl start nginx.service   //开启服务
[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# 

8.创建PHP测试网页

[root@localhost php-fpm.d]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/
[root@localhost html]# ls
50x.html  index.html
[root@localhost html]# mv index.html index.php   //修改名称
[root@localhost html]# ls
50x.html  index.php
[root@localhost html]# vim index.php 

<?php
phpinfo();
?>
[root@localhost html]# 

9.用宿主机访问网页

10.进入MySQL数据库创建bbs数据库

[root@localhost html]# mysql -u root -p
Enter password:     //进入数据库，密码为之前设定的
Welcome to the MySQL monitor.  Commands end with ; or \g.
Your MySQL connection id is 6
Server version: 5.7.20 Source distribution

Copyright (c) 2000, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.

Oracle is a registered trademark of Oracle Corporation and/or its
affiliates. Other names may be trademarks of their respective
owners.

Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement.

mysql> create database bbs;   //创建bbs数据库
Query OK, 1 row affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'%' identified by 'admin123';
//给bbs数据库中的所有表格提升权限，同时创建管理数据库的用户"bbsuser"，设置密码。
"%"表示可以从所有终端访问
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.02 sec)

mysql> grant all on bbs.* to 'bbsuser'@'localhost' identified by 'admin123';
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

mysql> flush privileges;   //刷新数据库
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.01 sec)

mysql> quit   //退出
Bye
[root@localhost html]#

安装Discuz论坛

1.将discuz压缩包解压到“/opt/”目录下

[root@localhost html]# cd /mnt/tools/LNMP/
[root@localhost LNMP]# ls
Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip  mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz  nginx-1.12.2.tar.gz  php-7.1.10.tar.bz2  php-7.1.20.tar.gz
[root@localhost LNMP]# unzip Discuz_X3.4_SC_UTF8.zip -d /opt/     //解压
............//省略过程
[root@localhost LNMP]#

2.将解压目录下的upload复制到html站点中，命名为bbs

[root@localhost LNMP]# cd /opt/dir_SC_UTF8/
[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# ls
readme  upload  utility
[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# cp -r upload/ /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs
[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]#

3.进入bbs站点目录，给相关目录文件修改属组和提权

[root@localhost dir_SC_UTF8]# cd /usr/local/nginx/html/bbs/
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./config/
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./data/
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./uc_client/
[root@localhost bbs]# chown -R root:nginx ./uc_server/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./config/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./data/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./uc_client/
[root@localhost bbs]# chmod -R 777 ./uc_server/

4.访问192.168.52.133/bbs站点，安装Discuz论坛

5.设置运行环境为全新安装

6.安装数据库

7.成功搭建论坛

8.访问论坛