前言
一般我们在访问容器时需要通过容器的端口来访问，那如何设置容器的端口映射呢？
我们通过以下命令来设置：
docker run -p ip:hostPort:containerPort [--name] [-i] [-t] 镜像名 [COMMAND][ARG...]
设置的方式有以下几种：
containerPort，指定容器端口号,宿主机端口随机生成
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
hostPort：containerPort映射主机端口和容器端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 8080:80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
ip::containerPort设置主机的随机端口到容器端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 0.0.0.0::80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
ip:hostPort:containerPort映射指定地址的指定端口到容器的指定端口
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 0.0.0.0:8080:80 --name web_test -i -t 80864d42dd23 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash
下面通过nginx在容器部署静态网页，通过以下步骤
- 创建80映射端口的交互式容器
- 安装nginx
- 安装文本编辑器vim
- 创建静态网页
- 运行nginx
- 验证网页
示例如下（如果安装完ubuntu后不能安装nginx进行apt-get update）:
[root@localhost ~]# docker run -p 80 --name static_test -i -t hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu /bin/bash root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y nginx Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done E: Unable to locate package nginx root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get update Get:1 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial InRelease [247 kB] Get:2 http://archive.ubuntu.com/ubuntu xenial-updates InRelease [102 kB] **中间日志省略。。。。。。。。。。** Fetched 24.9 MB in 9s (2717 kB/s) Reading package lists... Done root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y nginx Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done **安装日志省略。。。。。。。。。。**
然后安装vim:
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# apt-get install -y vim Reading package lists... Done Building dependency tree Reading state information... Done The following additional packages will be installed: **安装日志省略。。。。。。。。。。**
然后建立存放静态文件的目录，并创建一个简单的html文件：
root@25fcbf6e953d:/# mkdir -p /var/www/html root@25fcbf6e953d:/# root@25fcbf6e953d:/# cd /var/www/html/ root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# vim index.html root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# ll total 8 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 53 Mar 13 05:02 ./ drwxr-xr-x. 3 root root 17 Mar 13 04:50 ../ -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 79 Mar 13 05:02 index.html -rw-r--r--. 1 root root 612 Mar 13 04:51 index.nginx-debian.html root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# cat index.html <html> <body> <h2> this is the first docker static file </h2> </body> </html> root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html#
找到nginx的安装目录，更改default的root值为刚才创建的目录：
root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# whereis nginx nginx: /usr/sbin/nginx /etc/nginx /usr/share/nginx root@25fcbf6e953d:/var/www/html# cd /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/ root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ll total 4 drwxr-xr-x. 2 root root 20 Mar 13 04:51 ./ drwxr-xr-x. 6 root root 4096 Mar 13 04:51 ../ lrwxrwxrwx. 1 root root 34 Mar 13 04:51 default -> /etc/nginx/sites-available/default root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# vim default
然后启动nginx,查看容器进程：
root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# nginx root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled# ps -ef UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 1 0 0 04:48 ? 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 827 1 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx www-data 828 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 829 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 830 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 831 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 832 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 833 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 834 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process www-data 835 827 0 05:06 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process root 836 1 0 05:07 ? 00:00:00 ps -ef root@25fcbf6e953d:/etc/nginx/sites-enabled#
然后按ctrl+p,ctrl+q退出交互式容器。
使用Docker ps查看容器的端口和运行情况，也可以通过dcoker port 镜像名查看：
root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 25fcbf6e953d hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 18 minutes ago Up 18 minutes 0.0.0.0:32772->80/tcp static_test [root@localhost ~]# docker port static_test 80/tcp -> 0.0.0.0:32772 [root@localhost ~]#
可以看到容器的80端口映射到注解的32772端口。
通过curl访问创建的index.html文件：
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://127.0.0.1:32772/index.html <html> <body> <h2> this is the first docker static file </h2> </body> </html> [root@localhost ~]#
也可以通过docker inspect 容器名来查看容器的详细信息和ip
通过容器ip进行访问：
[root@localhost ~]# docker inspect static_test 其他信息省略 "IPAddress": "172.17.0.5",
[root@localhost ~]# curl http://172.17.0.5/index.html <html> <body> <h2> this is the first docker static file </h2> </body> </html> [root@localhost ~]#
当我们使用docker stop 容器名停止这个容器后，再使用docker start 容器名启动容器后，里面的nginx并没有启动。那么我们使用docker exec 容器名 nginx来启动：
[root@localhost ~]# docker stop static_test static_test [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES b4f32bbe4a34 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 41 hours ago Up 41 hours loving_brattain d75a2d8c7822 xingguo/df_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp df_nginx_web 959c0fc5d903 xingguo/commit_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx_test [root@localhost ~]# docker start static_test static_test [root@localhost ~]# docker ps CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES 25fcbf6e953d hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 29 minutes ago Up 2 seconds 0.0.0.0:32773->80/tcp static_test b4f32bbe4a34 hub.c.163.com/library/ubuntu "/bin/bash" 41 hours ago Up 41 hours loving_brattain d75a2d8c7822 xingguo/df_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32770->80/tcp df_nginx_web 959c0fc5d903 xingguo/commit_test1 "nginx -g 'daemon off" 2 days ago Up 2 days 0.0.0.0:32769->80/tcp nginx_test [root@localhost ~]# docker top static_test UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4719 4702 0 13:17 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash [root@localhost ~]# docker exec static_test nginx [root@localhost ~]# docker top static_test UID PID PPID C STIME TTY TIME CMD root 4719 4702 0 13:17 pts/2 00:00:00 /bin/bash root 4800 1 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: master process nginx amandab+ 4801 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process amandab+ 4802 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process amandab+ 4803 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process amandab+ 4804 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process amandab+ 4805 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process amandab+ 4806 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process amandab+ 4807 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process amandab+ 4808 4800 0 13:18 ? 00:00:00 nginx: worker process [root@localhost ~]#
总结
以上就是这篇文章的全部内容了，希望本文的内容对大家的学习或者工作能带来一定的帮助，如有疑问大家可以留言交流，谢谢大家对亿速云的支持。
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