本文实例讲述了python自动化之Ansible的安装。分享给大家供大家参考，具体如下：
一 点睛
Ansible只需在管理端部署环境即可，建议采用yum源方式来实现部署。
二 安装Ansible
只需要在主服务器安装（主控端）
[root@localhost dev]# yum install ansible -y
三 测试
1 修改在主控机配置文件/etc/ansible/hosts
## green.example.com ## blue.example.com 192.168.0.101 192.168.0.102 [webservers] ## alpha.example.org ## beta.example.org 192.168.0.101 192.168.0.102
2 执行下面操作
通过ping模块测试主机的连通性，分别对单主机及组进行ping操 作，结果如下，说明安装、测试成功。
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible 192.168.0.101 -m ping -k
SSH password:
192.168.0.101 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
[root@localhost ansible]# ansible webservers -m ping -k
SSH password:
192.168.0.102 | FAILED! => {
"msg": "Using a SSH password instead of a key is not possible because Host Key checking is enabled and sshpass does not support this. Please add this host's fingerprint to your known_hosts file to manage this host."
}
192.168.0.101 | SUCCESS => {
"changed": false,
"ping": "pong"
}
3 说明
由于主控端与被控主机未配置SSH证书信任，需要在执行ansible命令时添加-k参数，要求提供root（默认）账号密码，即在提示“SSH password：”时输入。
四 配置Linux主机SSH无密码访问
1 点睛
为了避免Ansible下发指令时输入目标主机密码，通过证书签名达到SSH无密码是一个好的方案，推荐使用ssh-keygen与ssh-copy-id来实现快速证书的生成及公钥下发，其中ssh-keygen生成一对密钥，使用sshcopy-id来下发生成的公钥。
第一步：需要配置与目标设备的密钥认证支持。
[root@localhost home]# ssh-keygen -t rsa Generating public/private rsa key pair. Enter file in which to save the key (/root/.ssh/id_rsa): /root/.ssh/id_rsa already exists. Overwrite (y/n)? y Enter passphrase (empty for no passphrase): Enter same passphrase again: Your identification has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa. Your public key has been saved in /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub. The key fingerprint is: SHA256:9/pGNxnQVWAWpss7PYtJcUDyHsCexgYY6NGWy/oOhTg root@localhost.localdomain The key's randomart image is: +---[RSA 2048]----+ | o.+ .o ..*++| | o = . .=.=. | | . + . + .=. | | ...o *o +. | | E ... So. = .o | | ... . ..=+ | | .. .=.o. | | .. o.+ o | | .. .o+ . | +----[SHA256]-----+
私钥文件可以存放在默认路径“~/.ssh/id_rsa”。
第二步：接下来同步公钥文件id_rsa.pub到目标主机，推荐使用ssh-copy-id公钥拷贝工具
[root@localhost ~]# ssh-copy-id -i /root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub root@192.168.0.102 /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: Source of key(s) to be installed: "/root/.ssh/id_rsa.pub" /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: attempting to log in with the new key(s), to filter out any that are already installed /usr/bin/ssh-copy-id: INFO: 1 key(s) remain to be installed -- if you are prompted now it is to install the new keys Kernel \r on an \m root@192.168.0.102's password: Number of key(s) added: 1 Now try logging into the machine, with: "ssh 'root@192.168.0.102'" and check to make sure that only the key(s) you wanted were added.
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