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怎么在Python中使用django框架现获取访问者ip地址

发布时间:2021-05-11 18:51:48 阅读:317 作者:Leah 栏目:开发技术
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本篇文章为大家展示了怎么在Python中使用django框架现获取访问者ip地址,内容简明扼要并且容易理解,绝对能使你眼前一亮,通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。

python是什么意思

Python是一种跨平台的、具有解释性、编译性、互动性和面向对象的脚本语言,其最初的设计是用于编写自动化脚本,随着版本的不断更新和新功能的添加,常用于用于开发独立的项目和大型项目。

在django官方文档中有一段对request.META的解释:

HttpRequest.META
A standard Python dictionary containing all available HTTP headers. Available headers depend on the client
and server, but here are some examples:
•CONTENT_LENGTH – The length of the request body (as a string).
•CONTENT_TYPE – The MIME type of the request body.
•HTTP_ACCEPT – Acceptable content types for the response.
•HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING – Acceptable encodings for the response.
•HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE – Acceptable languages for the response.
•HTTP_HOST – The HTTP Host header sent by the client.
•HTTP_REFERER – The referring page, if any.
•HTTP_USER_AGENT – The client's user-agent string.
•QUERY_STRING – The query string, as a single (unparsed) string.
•REMOTE_ADDR – The IP address of the client.
•REMOTE_HOST – The hostname of the client.
•REMOTE_USER – The user authenticated by the Web server, if any.
•REQUEST_METHOD – A string such as "GET" or "POST".
•SERVER_NAME – The hostname of the server.
•SERVER_PORT – The port of the server (as a string).
With the exception of CONTENT_LENGTH and CONTENT_TYPE, as given above, any HTTP headers in the
request are converted to META keys by converting all characters to uppercase, replacing any hyphens with
underscores and adding an HTTP_ prefix to the name. So, for example, a header called X-Bender would be
mapped to the META key HTTP_X_BENDER.
Note that runserver strips all headers with underscores in the name, so you won't see them in META. This
prevents header-spoofing based on ambiguity between underscores and dashes both being normalizing to under-
scores in WSGI environment variables. It matches the behavior of Web servers like Nginx and Apache 2.4+.

然后我们来打印一下其中的条目进行验证:

request_meta = request.META
info = []
for k, v in request_meta.items():
info.append(k)
print info
>>>
['wsgi.version''RUN_MAIN''HTTP_REFERER''HTTP_HOST''SERVER_PROTOCOL''SERVER_SOFTWARE''SCRIPT_NAME''LESSOPEN''SSH_CLIENT''REQUEST_METHOD''LOGNAME''USER''HOME''QUERY_STRING''PATH''MYSQL_DATABASE_URI''wsgi.errors''TERADATA_JACKAL_URI''LANG''TERM''SHELL''TZ''HTTP_COOKIE''J2REDIR''REMOTE_ADDR''SHLVL''wsgi.url_scheme''HTTP_VIA''SERVER_PORT''wsgi.file_wrapper''JAVA_HOME''CONTENT_LENGTH''HTTP_CONNECTION''XDG_RUNTIME_DIR''TERADATA_PASSWORD''PYTHONPATH''COMP_WORDBREAKS''VIRTUAL_ENV'u'CSRF_COOKIE''J2SDKDIR''wsgi.input''HTTP_USER_AGENT''PS1''wsgi.multithread''HTTP_UPGRADE_INSECURE_REQUESTS''HTTP_CACHE_CONTROL''XDG_SESSION_ID''_''HTTP_ACCEPT''DERBY_HOME''SSH_CONNECTION''LESSCLOSE''SERVER_NAME''GATEWAY_INTERFACE''HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR''SSH_TTY''OLDPWD''wsgi.multiprocess''HTTP_ACCEPT_LANGUAGE''wsgi.run_once''PWD''DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE''CONTENT_TYPE''TERADATA_SIMBA_URI''MAIL''LS_COLORS''REMOTE_HOST''HTTP_ACCEPT_ENCODING''PATH_INFO']

通常访问者的ip会包含在上边的键值对中,我们可以通过一下方式获取ip:

通常访问者的IP就在其中,所以我们可以用下列方法获取用户的真实IP:

#X-Forwarded-For:简称XFF头,它代表客户端,也就是HTTP的请求端真实的IP,只有在通过了HTTP 代理或者负载均衡服务器时才会添加该项。
def get_ip(request):
 x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
 if x_forwarded_for:
  ip = x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]#所以这里是真实的ip
 else:
  ip = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')#这里获得代理ip
 return ip

结合上一篇的日志模块,可以实现记录登陆用户的ip信息:

remote_info = ''
x_forwarded_for = request.META.get('HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR')
if x_forwarded_for:
 remote_info = 'HTTP_X_FORWARDED_FOR:' + x_forwarded_for.split(',')[0]
remote_addr = request.META.get('REMOTE_ADDR')
if remote_addr:
 remote_info += ' REMOTE_ADDR:' + remote_addr
if pass_auth:
 user.last_login_at = timezone.now()
 try:
  user.save()
 except Exception, msg:
  return JsonResponse({'result''Error''message': str(msg)})
 request.session['user_id'] = user_id
 request.session.set_expiry(9000)
 logger.info('[Success] '+ user_id+' has logged in! '+remote_info)
 return JsonResponse({'result''Success''message''Login successfully.'})
else:
 logger.warning('[Failed] '+ user_id + ' failed to login! '+remote_info)
 return JsonResponse({'result''Error''message''Username or Password is incorrect.'})

怎么在Python中使用django框架现获取访问者ip地址

上述内容就是怎么在Python中使用django框架现获取访问者ip地址,你们学到知识或技能了吗?如果还想学到更多技能或者丰富自己的知识储备,欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道。

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