首先借用一张图说明linux应用程序和内核的关系
与裸机程序不同,linux下的应用开发并不直接访问硬件,而是由应用程序调用驱动来访问硬件,这是linux的系统结构,具体可参考《嵌入式linux应用开发完全手册》。
回到am335x,已经在uboot实现LED的操作,基本原理一致,设置GPIO输出,低电平点亮LED。如果想通过内核空间操作文件的方式访问GPIO,可参考 BeagleBone的GPIO控制
linux3.2中driver/leds目录下存放有led相关文件,在此编写led驱动模块。代码参照 Am335x 下GPIO控制实例
添加文件leds-run.c
```
#include <linux/gpio.h>
#include <linux/module.h>
#include <linux/kernel.h>
#include <linux/moduleparam.h>
#include <linux/delay.h>
#include <linux/types.h>
#include <linux/miscdevice.h>
#include <linux/device.h>
#include <linux/fs.h>
#include <linux/init.h>
#define TEST_IO_NUM 89
#define NAME_MISC "GpioTest"
#define NAME_MOUDULE "GpioTest1"
#define USE_MISC_MODE 1
static int major = 251;
void GpioTest(void);
static long GpioIOctl(struct file *filp, unsigned cmd, unsigned long arg)
{
GpioTest();
return 1;
}
void GpioTest(void)
{
int iCount = 0;
for(iCount = 0; iCount <=20; iCount++ )
{
if(iCount%2 == 0)
{
gpio_direction_output(TEST_IO_NUM, 1);
printk(KERN_INFO"#######LED statu is high.\r\n");
}
else
{
gpio_direction_output(TEST_IO_NUM, 0);
printk(KERN_INFO"#######LED statu is low.\r\n");
}
mdelay(3000);
}
printk(KERN_INFO"#######App run over!");
}
static int GpioOpen(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
int iRen = -1;
iRen = gpio_request(TEST_IO_NUM, "LED");
if(iRen < 0)
{
printk(KERN_INFO"#######Failed to request the LED!");
}else
{
printk(KERN_INFO"#######Success to request the LED");
}
return iRen;
}
static int GpioClose(struct inode *inode, struct file *file)
{
printk(KERN_INFO"#######Free the LED");
gpio_free(TEST_IO_NUM);
return 1;
}
//****entry point for TEST GPIO module
static const struct file_operations gpio_test_driver = {
.owner = THIS_MODULE,
.unlocked_ioctl= GpioIOctl,
.llseek = no_llseek,
.open = GpioOpen,
.release = GpioClose,
};
#if USE_MISC_MODE
static struct miscdevice gpiotest_misc_device = {
.minor = MISC_DYNAMIC_MINOR,
.name = NAME_MISC,
.fops = &gpio_test_driver,
};
#endif
static int __init GpioTestInit(void)
{
int iRet;
printk(KERN_INFO"#######GpioTest modules is install!\r\n");
#if USE_MISC_MODE
iRet = misc_register(&gpiotest_misc_device);
if (iRet) {
printk(KERN_INFO"#######unable to register a misc device\r\n");
return iRet;
}
#else
iRet = register_chrdev(major, NAME_MOUDULE, &gpio_test_driver);
if (iRet < 0) {
printk(KERN_INFO"#######unable to register a chr device\r\n");
return iRet;
}
#endif
return iRet;
}
static void __exit GpioTestExit(void)
{
#if USE_MISC_MODE
misc_deregister(&gpiotest_misc_device);
#else
unregister_chrdev(major, NAME_MOUDULE);
#endif
printk(KERN_INFO"#######GpioTest modules is exit!\r\n");
}
module_init(GpioTestInit);
module_exit(GpioTestExit);
MODULE_AUTHOR("XXXXXXXXXXXX");
MODULE_LICENSE("GPL");
MODULE_DESCRIPTION("System status led");
```
driver/leds目录下修改Kconfig,添加一项:
config GPIO_LED
bool "Gpio LED test"
help
Just test the Gpio LED status
同目录下Makefile文件修改:
obj-$(CONFIG_GPIO_LED)+=leds-run.o
通过make menuconfig,将驱动模块GPIO_LED编译进内核。
应用程序app.c
#include <stdio.h>
#include <stdio.h>
#include <sys/types.h>
#include <sys/ioctl.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <sys/stat.h>
#include <linux/input.h>
#include <fcntl.h>
int main(int argc, char *argv)
{
int fd;
fd = open("/dev/GpioTest", O_RDWR);
if(fd < 0)
{
printf("***Can't open the gpiotest!\r\n");
return -1;
}
ioctl(fd, 0, 0);
close(fd);
printf("***App run over!\r\n");
return 1;
}
烧写内核,内核启动后打印“#######GpioTest modules is install!”,运行app,可以正常运行,可led没有按照程序进行亮灭操作。
细想整个过程发现,am335x的IO口是复用的,需要先完成mux设置。
再回到linux内核,需要明确linux的运行流程,此次参考了 linux内核代码分析1 TI am335x:
Board-am335xevm.c(./arch/arm/mach-omap2)中开始执行,
MACHINE_START(AM335XEVM, "am335xevm")
/* Maintainer: Texas Instruments */
.atag_offset= 0x100,
.map_io= am335x_evm_map_io,
.init_early= am33xx_init_early,
.init_irq= ti81xx_init_irq,
.handle_irq = omap3_intc_handle_irq,
.timer= &omap3_am33xx_timer,
.init_machine= am335x_evm_init,
MACHINE_END
转到启动程序am335x_evm_init:
am33xx_cpuidle_init();
am33xx_mux_init(board_mux);
omap_serial_init();
am335x_evm_i2c_init();
am335x_evm_setup();
omap_sdrc_init(NULL, NULL);
usb_musb_init(&musb_board_data);
static void am335x_evm_setup()
{
setup_general_purpose_evm();
}
static void setup_general_purpose_evm(void)
{
_configure_device(boardid,invt_evm_dev_cfg, -1);
}
所以初始化开发板的设置,重点就是invt_evm_dev_cfg
static struct evm_dev_cfginvt_evm_dev_cfg[] = {
{enable_ecap0, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{lcdc_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{mfd_tscadc_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{rmii1_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{rmii2_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{usb0_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{usb1_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{evm_nand_init,DEV_ON_BASEBOARD,PROFILE_NONE},
{mmc0_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{spi0_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE},
{led_init, DEV_ON_BASEBOARD, PROFILE_NONE}, //添加led操作
};
static void led_init(int evm_id, int profile)
{
int err;
setup_pin_mux(gpio_led_mux);
err = platform_device_register(&leds_gpio);
if (err)
pr_err("failed to register gpio led device\n");
}
static struct pinmux_config gpio_led_mux[] = {
{"lcd_ac_bias_en.gpio2_25", OMAP_MUX_MODE7 | AM33XX_PIN_OUTPUT}, //LED GPIO 配置
{NULL, 0},
};
修改完成后,重新编译内核,烧写内核,运行程序,成功实现LED的操作。
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