这篇文章主要介绍C++实现学生选课系统的方法，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
具体内容如下
#include <iostream>
#include <iomanip>
#include <fstream>
#include<Windows.h>
#include<cstring>
using namespace std;
struct SubList/*某个学生所学的课程中的某一个 */
{
int num; /*课程代号 */
SubList *next; /*指向下一个课程的指针*/
SubList() :num(-1), next(NULL){} /*构造函数*/
};
struct StuList /*课程中所选的学生*/
{
int num; /* 学生的学号*/
float score; /*学生所得的该课程分数*/
StuList *next; /*下一个学生*/
StuList() :num(-1), score(0), next(NULL){}
};
class Student
{
private:
int Num; /*学号*/
char Name[20]; /*学生的姓名 */
int MaxSubNum; /*学生最多可以学五门课程 */
int FactSubNum; /* 学生实际所学的课程数目 */
SubList *Root; /*课程的指针*/
float SumXueFen; /*总的选课学分*/
float FactXueFen; /*实际获得学分*/
float SumGrade; /*总成绩*/
bool Update; /*是否需要更新信息*/
public:
Student *next;/*让所有学生的信息连接起来*/
SubList *GetSubPtr()const{ return Root; }/*获取所选的课程表*/
Student() :Update(false), Root(new SubList()), FactXueFen(0), MaxSubNum(5), FactSubNum(0), SumXueFen(0), SumGrade(0),next(NULL){}
void SetName(char N[]){ strcpy(Name, N); } /* 设置学生的姓名 */
void SetNum(int num){ Num = num; } /*设置学号*/
const char* GetName()const{ return Name; }/*得到学生的姓名 */
int GetNum()const{ return Num; } /*得到学号*/
int GetFactSubNum()const{ return FactSubNum; } /*得到实际选课数*/
bool FindSub(int num)const; /*查找是否已有此课程,如果有返回,如果没有返回 */
void SetInfo(float sumXueFen, float factXueFen, float sumGrade)
{
SumXueFen = sumXueFen;/*这三条信息因为一起用 所以一起设置了*/
FactXueFen = factXueFen;
SumGrade = sumGrade;
}
void SetUpdate(bool t){ Update = t; }/*是否更新信息的标志*/
float GetAveGrade(){ return SumGrade / FactSubNum; } /*学生课程的平均成绩*/
void AddSub(int num); /*增加课程*/
bool IsFull()const{ return MaxSubNum == FactSubNum; }
void ShowStuInfo(); /*输出学生信息*/
void DelSub(int num); /*删除课程 Manage类使用*/
~Student()/*析构函数 不要也行影响不太大 一般程序，还不太会内存用完*/
{
SubList *p = Root;
while (p)
{
SubList*t = p->next;
delete p;
p = t;
}
}
};
//课程类
class Subject
{
private:
int MaxStuNum; /*最多学生数*/
int FactStuNum; /*实际学生数*/
float Credit; /*该课程的学分 */
char Name[20]; /* 该课程的名称 */
int Num; /*课程的代号*/
StuList *Root; /* 学生名单 */
float AveGrade; /*该课程的平均成绩 */
bool Update; /*是否更新信息*/
public:
StuList *GetStuPtr()const{ return Root; }/*获取选此课程的学生表*/
Subject*next;
Subject() :Root(new StuList()), MaxStuNum(30), FactStuNum(0), Update(false),next(NULL){}
float GetCredit()const{ return Credit; } //得到课程的学分
void SetCredit(float credit){ Credit = credit; } //设置学分
const char* GetName()const{ return Name; } //读出课程的名称
void SetName(char N[]){ strcpy(Name, N); } //设置课程的名称
int GetNum()const{ return Num; } //读出课程的代号
void SetNum(int num){ Num = num; } //设置课程的代号
int GetFactStuNum()const{ return FactStuNum; } //返回实际学生数
int GetMaxStuNum()const{ return MaxStuNum; }//最大学生数
void SetUpdate(bool t){ Update = t; }
void SetAveGrade(float num){ AveGrade = num/FactStuNum; } //设置平均分
float GetAveGrade(){ return AveGrade; } //得到学生的平均成绩
float GetStuScore(int num); //查找某个学生的成绩
bool IsFull()const{ return MaxStuNum == FactStuNum; }//是否人数已满
void DelStu(int num);//删除学生
void AddStu(int num);//增加学生
~Subject()
{
StuList *p = Root;
while (p)
{
StuList*t = p->next;
delete p;
p = t;
}
}
};
float Subject::GetStuScore(int num)
{
StuList*p = Root->next;
while (p->num != num)
p = p->next;
return p->score;
}
void Student::ShowStuInfo()
{
cout << Num << " " << Name << " " << "选课数：" << FactSubNum << endl;
cout << "\t\t 总成绩" << SumGrade << " 平均分" << GetAveGrade() << endl;
cout << "\t\t课程总学分" << SumXueFen << " 获得学分" << FactXueFen << endl;
system("pause");
}
bool Student::FindSub(int num)const//查找是否已有此课程,如果有返回,如果没有返回
{
bool t = false;
SubList *p = Root->next;
while (!t && p)
{
if (p->num == num)
t = true;
p = p->next;
}
return t;
}
void Student::AddSub(int num)//给学生增加一门课
{
SubList *s = new SubList(), *p = Root;
while (p->next)
p = p->next;
p->next = s;
s->num = num;
FactSubNum++;
Update = true;
}
void Student::DelSub(int num)
{
SubList*p = Root, *t;
while (p->next->num != num)
p = p->next;
t = p->next;
p->next = t->next;
FactSubNum--;
Update = true;
delete t;
}
//////////////////////////Subject//////////////////////////////////
void Subject::AddStu(int num)//
{
StuList *s = new StuList(), *p = Root;
while (p->next)
p = p->next;
p->next = s;
s->num = num;
FactStuNum++;
Update = true;
}
void Subject::DelStu(int num)
{
StuList*p = Root, *t;
while (p->next->num != num)
p = p->next;
t = p->next;
p->next = t->next;
FactStuNum--;
Update = true;
delete t;
}
//////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
class Manage
{
private:
Student*StuRoot;
Subject*SubRoot;
bool Update;
public:
Manage() :StuRoot(new Student()), SubRoot(new Subject()),Update(false){}
Manage(const Manage&p){}
void AddStu();
void AddSub();
Student*FindStu(int num);
Subject*FindSub(int num);
int ShowSub()const;//显示可选课程
int ShowStu()const;
void ShowStuSubInfo(Student*p);
void DelStu(Student*p);
void DelSub(Subject*p);
void Start();
int menu();
int custom();
int server();
Student* password1();
bool password2();
void menu_1_1(Student*p);
void menu_2_1();
void menu_2_2();
void menu_2_3();
void menu_2_4();
void menu_2_5();
void menu_2_6();
void menu_2_7();
void menu_2_8();
void menu_2_9();
void IsUpdate()
{
if (Update == true)
{
Student*p = StuRoot->next;
Subject*q = SubRoot->next;
while (q)
{
float sum = 0;
StuList *t =q->GetStuPtr()->next;
while (t)
{
sum += t->score;
t = t->next;
}
q->SetAveGrade(sum);
q->SetUpdate(false);
q = q->next;
}
while (p)
{
float sum = 0, xuefen = 0, xuefen1 = 0;
SubList *t = p->GetSubPtr()->next;
while (t)
{
Subject*tt = FindSub(t->num);
xuefen += tt->GetCredit();
float f = tt->GetStuScore(p->GetNum());
sum += f;
if (f>= 60)
xuefen1 += tt->GetCredit();
t = t->next;
}
p->SetInfo(xuefen, xuefen1, sum);
p->SetUpdate(false);
p= p->next;
}
Update = false;
}
}
};
void Manage::DelStu(Student*p)
{
SubList *l = p->GetSubPtr()->next;
while (l)
{
FindSub(l->num)->DelStu(p->GetNum());
l = l->next;
}
Student*t = StuRoot;
while (t->next != p)
t = t->next;
t->next = p->next;
delete p;
Update = true;
}
void Manage::DelSub(Subject*p)
{
StuList *l = p->GetStuPtr()->next;
while (l)
{
FindStu(l->num)->DelSub(p->GetNum());
l = l->next;
}
Subject*t = SubRoot;
while (t->next != p)
t = t->next;
t->next = p->next;
delete p;
Update = true;
}
int Manage::ShowSub()const
{
Subject*p = SubRoot->next;
int n = 0;
while (p)
{
cout << p->GetNum() << " " << p->GetName() << " 学分：" << p->GetCredit() << endl;
n++;
p = p->next;
}
return n;
}
int Manage::ShowStu()const
{
Student*p = StuRoot->next;
int n = 0;
while (p)
{
cout << p->GetNum() << " " << p->GetName() << endl;
n++;
p = p->next;
}
return n;
}
Student*Manage::FindStu(int num)
{
Student*p = StuRoot->next;
while (p)
{
if (p->GetNum() == num)
break;
p = p->next;
}
return p;
}
Subject*Manage::FindSub(int num)
{
Subject*p = SubRoot->next;
while (p)
{
if (p->GetNum() == num)
break;
p = p->next;
}
return p;
}
//总菜单
int Manage::menu()
{
int k = 0, n;
while (1)
{
system("cls");
cout << endl << endl;
cout << "*******************************************\n"
<< "* *\n"
<< "* 学生选修课系统 *\n"
<< "* *\n"
<< "* 操作方式: *\n"
<< "* 1.选修课系统学生端 *\n"
<< "* *\n"
<< "* 2.选修课系统管理端 *\n"
<< "* 0. 退出 *\n"
<< "*******************************************\n"
<< endl;
cout << "\n\t\t请选择登入方式: ";
cin >> n;
if (n > -1 && n < 3)
return n;
else
{
cerr << "\n\n\t\t\t\t输入有误!\n" << endl;
k++;
}
if (k == 3)
{
cerr << "\n\n\n\t\t~~提示~~:错误输入次数超过三次，你将被强制退出!!\n\n" << endl;
return 0;
}
system("pause");
}
}
//选修课系统端操作
int Manage::custom()
{
int n, k = 0;
while (1)
{
system("cls");;
cout << "\n\n\n" << "※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"
<< "※ 选修课系统学生端 ※\n"
<< "※ ※\n"
<< "※ 操作方式:. ※\n"
<< "※ 1、 学生选课 ※\n"
<< "※ 2、 学生情况 ※\n"
<< "※ 3、 选课情况 ※\n"
<< "※ 4、 退出系统 ※\n"
<< "※ ※\n"
<< "※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n" << endl;
cout << "\t\t\t请选择操作方式: ";
cin >> n;
if (n > 0 && n < 5)
return n;
else
{
cerr << "\n\t\t\t\t输入有误!请重新输入\n" << endl;
k++;
}
if (k == 3)
{
system("cls");
cerr << "错误输入超过三次!你将被强制退出!!\n" << endl;
return 4;
}
system("pause");
}
}
int Manage::server()
{
int n, k = 0;
while (1)
{
system("cls");;
cout << "\n\n\n" << "※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n"
<< "※ ※\n"
<< "※ 选修课系统管理端 ※\n"
<< "※ ※\n"
<< "※ 操作方式: ※\n"
<< "※ 1.增加学生 2.增加课程 ※\n"
<< "※ 3.删除学生 4.删除课程 ※\n"
<< "※ 5.填写成绩 6.更改学分 ※\n"
<< "※ 7.学生情况 8.选课情况 ※\n"
<< "※ 9.保存数据 0.退出系统 ※\n"
<< "※ ※\n"
<< "※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※※\n" << endl;
cout << "\t\t 请选择操作方式: " << endl;
cin >> n;
if (n > -1 && n < 10)
return n;
else
{
cerr << "\n\t\t\t\t输入有误!\n" << endl;
k++;
}
if (k == 3)
{
cerr << "错误输入超过三次!\n";
return 0;
}
system("pause");
}
}
Student* Manage::password1()
{
system("cls");
int k = 0;
int num;
while (1)
{
cout << "请输入你的学号：" << endl;
cin >> num;
Student*p = FindStu(num);
if (p == NULL)
{
cout << "无此学号！!请重新输入 " << endl;
k++;
system("pause");
}
else
{
cout << "你的名字为：" << p->GetName() << endl;
cout << "请按任意键进入选课系统" << endl;
return p;
}
if (k >= 3)
{
system("cls");
cerr << "\n\n\t\t\t输入错误密码超过三次!请按任意键退出.." << endl;
return NULL;
}
}
}
//密码检查
bool Manage::password2()
{
int k = 0, i;
const char A[] = "admin";
char B[10];
system("cls");
for (i = 0; i < 8; i++)
cout << endl;
while (1)
{
printf("\t\t\t请输入管理员密码:");
i = 0;
cin >> B;
if (strcmp(A, B) == 0)
return true;
else
{
k++;
cerr << "\n\n\t\t\t密码输入错误!请重新输入!\n" << endl;
system("pause");
}
if (k ==3)
{
system("cls");
cerr << "\n\n\t\t\t输入错误密码超过三次!请按任意键退出.." << endl;
return false;
}
}
}
void Manage::Start()
{
int n = 1;
while (n)
{
n = menu();
if (n == 1)
{
Student*p = password1();
while (p)
{
int c = custom();
switch (c)
{
case 1: menu_1_1(p); break;//学生选课
case 2:p->ShowStuInfo(); break;//学生情况
case 3:ShowStuSubInfo(p);; break;//选课情况
}
IsUpdate();
if (c == 4) break;//退出系统
}
if (p == NULL)
n = 0;
}
else if (n == 2)
{
bool t = password2();
while (t)
{
int c = server();
switch (c)
{
case 1:menu_2_1(); break; //增加学生
case 2:menu_2_2(); break; //增加课程
case 3: menu_2_3(); break; //删除学生
case 4:menu_2_4(); break; //删除课程
case 5: menu_2_5(); break; //填写成绩
case 6: menu_2_6(); break; //更改学分
case 7:menu_2_7(); break; //学生情况
case 8:menu_2_8(); break; //选课情况
case 9: menu_2_9(); break; //保存数据
}
IsUpdate();
if (c == 0) break; //退出系统
}
if (!t)
n = 0;
}
}
}
//学生端功能函数
void Manage::menu_1_1(Student*p) //学生选课
{
if (p->IsFull())
cout << "你的课程已经选满了" << endl;
else
{
int num;
if (ShowSub()==0)
cout << "无课程可以选择" << endl;
else
{
cout << "请输入你的选择" << endl;
cin >> num;
if (p->FindSub(num))
cout << "此课程你已经选择" << endl;
else if (FindSub(num)->IsFull())
cout << "课程人数已满" << endl;
else
{
p->AddSub(num);
FindSub(num)->AddStu(p->GetNum());
cout << "选课成功" << endl;
}
}
}
Update = true;
system("pause");
}
void Manage::ShowStuSubInfo(Student*p)
{
SubList*l = p->GetSubPtr()->next;
cout << p->GetNum() << " " << p->GetName() << " 选课数" << p->GetFactSubNum() << endl;
while (l)
{
Subject*s = FindSub(l->num);
cout << "\t\t" << s->GetNum() << " " << s->GetName() << " " << s->GetCredit() << endl;
float f = s->GetStuScore(p->GetNum());
cout << "\t\t 成绩 " << f << endl;
cout << "------------------------------" << endl;
l = l->next;
}
}
//管理端功能函数
void Manage::menu_2_1() //增加学生
{
system("cls");
int num;
char name[20];
cout << "\n\n\t\t\t\t增加学生操作\n" << endl;
cout << "\n\n\t\t请输入学生学号:";
cin >> num;
if (FindStu(num))
cout << "学生已经存在" << endl;
else
{
cout << "\n\n\t\t请输入学生姓名:";
cin >> name;
Student*p = new Student();
p->SetNum(num);
p->SetName(name);
Student *root = StuRoot;
while (root->next)
root = root->next;
root->next = p;
cout << endl << "\t\t增加学生操作成功,按任意键继续" << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
void Manage::menu_2_2() //增加课程
{
system("cls");
int num;
float credit;
char name[20];
cout << "\n\n\t\t\t\t增加课程操作\n" << endl;
cout << "\n\n\t\t 请输入课程代号:";
cin >> num;
if (FindSub(num))
cout << "\n\t\t此课程已经存在,按任意键继续" << endl;
else
{
cout << "\n\n\t\t请输入课程名:";
cin >> name;
cout << "请输入课程学分" << endl;
cin >> credit;
Subject*p = new Subject();
p->SetNum(num);
p->SetName(name);
p->SetCredit(credit);
Subject *root = SubRoot;
while (root->next)
root = root->next;
root->next = p;
cout << endl << "\t\t增加课程操作成功,按任意键继续" << endl;
}
system("pause");
}
void Manage::menu_2_3() //删除学生
{
system("cls");
cout << "\n\n\t\t\t\t删除学生操作" << endl;
if (ShowStu()==0)
cout << "无学生" << endl;
else
{
int num;
cout << "\n\t请输入要删除的学生代学号:";
cin >> num;
Student*p = FindStu(num);
if (p == NULL)
cout << "无此学生" << endl;
else
{
DelStu(p);
cout << "\n\t\t删除学生操作成功,按任意键继续.." << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
}
void Manage::menu_2_4() //删除课程
{
system("cls");
cout << "\n\n\t\t\t\t删除课程操作" << endl;
if (ShowSub()==0)
cout << "无课程" << endl;
else
{
int num;
cout << "\n\t请输入要删除的课程代号:";
cin >> num;
Subject*p = FindSub(num);
if (p == NULL)
cout << "无此课程" << endl;
else
{
DelSub(p);
cout << "\n\t\t删除课程操作成功,按任意键继续.." << endl;
}
}
system("pause");
}
void Manage::menu_2_5() //填写成绩
{
system("cls");
cout << "\n\n\t\t\t\t 填写成绩操作\n" << endl;
if (ShowSub()==0)
cout << "\n\n\n\t\t对不起,暂时没有任何选修课程。请按任意键继续.." << endl;
else
{
int num;
cout << "请选择课程代号" << endl;
cin >> num;
Subject*p = FindSub(num);
if (p == NULL)
cerr << "\n\t\t没有此课程!!请按任意键继续.." << endl;
else
{
cout << p->GetNum() << " 课程名称" << p->GetName() << " 选课人数" << p->GetFactStuNum() << endl;
int n;
cout << "请输入1确认开始填写成绩,按其他键退出" << endl;
cin >> n;
if (n == 1)
{
StuList*q = p->GetStuPtr()->next;
while (q)
{
Student*l = FindStu(q->num);
cout << "\n\n\t\t请填写" << q->num << " " << l->GetName() << "的学生成绩\n" << endl;
cin >> q->score;
l->SetUpdate(true);
q = q->next;
}
p->SetUpdate(true);
}
}
}
Update = true;
system("pause");
}
void Manage::menu_2_6() //更改学分
{
system("cls");
cout << "\n\n\n\t\t\t\t更改学分操作\n" << endl;
if (ShowSub()==0)
cout << "\n\n\n\t\t对不起,暂时没有任何课程。请按任意键继续.." << endl;
else
{
int num;
cout << "请选择课程代号" << endl;
cin >> num;
Subject*p = FindSub(num);
if (p == NULL)
cout << "无此课程" << endl;
else
{
float n;
cout << "\n\t\t\t原来学分为:" << p->GetCredit() << endl;
cout << "\n\t\t\t现要更改为:";
cin >> n;
p->SetCredit(n);
StuList*q = p->GetStuPtr()->next;
while (q)
{
FindStu(q->num)->SetUpdate(true);
q = q->next;
}
cout << "\n\t\t更改课程学分成功,按任意键继续" << endl;
}
}
Update = true;
system("pause");
}
void Manage::menu_2_7()
{
Student *p = StuRoot->next;
if (p == NULL)
cout << "无记录" << endl;
else
while (p)
{
ShowStuSubInfo(p);
p = p->next;
}
system("pause");
}
void Manage::menu_2_8() //选课情况
{
system("cls");
cout << "\n\n\t\t\t\t选课情况操作" << endl;
if (ShowSub()==0)
cout << "\n\n\n\t\t对不起,暂时没有课程!!请按任意键继续.." << endl;
else
{
int num;
cout << "\n\t请输入要查看的课程代号:";
cin >> num;
Subject*p = FindSub(num);
if (p == NULL)
cout << "\n\t\t无此课程!!\t请按任意键继续.." << endl;
else
{
cout << p->GetNum() << " " << p->GetName() << " " << p->GetCredit() << endl;
cout << "\t\t最大人数:" << p->GetMaxStuNum() << " " << "实际人数" << p->GetFactStuNum() << endl;
StuList*q = p->GetStuPtr()->next;
while (q)
{
cout <<q->num << " " << FindStu(q->num)->GetName() << " " << q->score << endl;
q = q->next;
}
}
}
system("pause");
}
/*保存数据 不过没有读取函数 这个功能就没有 读取懒的写了... */
void Manage::menu_2_9()
{
Student*p = StuRoot->next;
ofstream o("Student.txt",32);
ofstream oo("SubList.txt", 32);
while (p)
{
SubList*t=p->GetSubPtr()->next;
o.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(p), sizeof(*p));
while (t)
{
oo.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(t), sizeof(*t));
t = t->next;
}
p = p->next;
}
o.close();
oo.close();
Subject*q = SubRoot->next;
o.open("Subject.txt", 32);
oo.open("StuList.txt", 32);
while (q)
{
StuList*t = q->GetStuPtr()->next;
o.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(q), sizeof(*q));
while (t)
{
oo.write(reinterpret_cast<char*>(t), sizeof(*t));
t = t->next;
}
q = q->next;
}
o.close();
oo.close();
cout << "\n\n\n\t\t\t保存数据成功!按任意键继续.." << endl;
system("pause");
}
int main()
{
Manage m;
m.Start();
return 0;
}以上是“C++实现学生选课系统的方法”这篇文章的所有内容，感谢各位的阅读！希望分享的内容对大家有帮助，更多相关知识，欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道！
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