Spring security中怎么利用数据库实现账户密码认证，很多新手对此不是很清楚，为了帮助大家解决这个难题，下面小编将为大家详细讲解，有这方面需求的人可以来学习下，希望你能有所收获。
一、原理分析
前台的登录请求发送到后端后会由spring security进行拦截，即controller层由框架自己提供。这样用户名和密码的认证就需要在service层完成,所以框架需要在service层获取到我们自己的数据库账号信息。
spring security 提供了一个接口 UserDetailsService 来让用户提供账号和密码,其内容如下
public interface UserDetailsService {
UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException;
}用户实现这个接口中的loadUserByUsername方法，通过数据库中查询的账号和密码构造一个UserDetails对象返回给spring security，然后框架自己完成认证操作。
其中UserDetails也是一个接口，spring security用它来封装当前进行认证的用户信息
public interface UserDetails extends Serializable {
Collection<? extends GrantedAuthority> getAuthorities();
String getPassword();
String getUsername();
boolean isAccountNonExpired();
boolean isAccountNonLocked();
boolean isCredentialsNonExpired();
boolean isEnabled();
}spring security 自己提供了一个实现类我们可以直接使用,以下是User中的部分代码
public class User implements UserDetails, CredentialsContainer {
private String password;
private final String username;
private final Set<GrantedAuthority> authorities;
private final boolean accountNonExpired; //帐户是否过期
private final boolean accountNonLocked; //帐户是否锁定
private final boolean credentialsNonExpired; //认证是否过期
private final boolean enabled; //帐户是否可用
｝所以，使用数据库完成认证的关键就是实现UserDetailsService接口，并在loadUserByUsername方法中封装一个框架需要的UserDetails对象，即User对象返回给框架，由框架完成后续的认证操作。
同时需要在spring security的配置文件中指定要用来认证的userService 的bean
二、代码实现
1.新建一个javaWeb工程
新建一个javaweb工程,导入相关依赖,pom文件的内容如下
pom文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <groupId>com.lyy</groupId> <artifactId>spring_security_1</artifactId> <version>1.0-SNAPSHOT</version> <packaging>war</packaging> <name>spring_security_1 Maven Webapp</name> <!-- FIXME change it to the project's website --> <url>http://www.example.com</url> <properties> <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding> <spring.version>5.0.2.RELEASE</spring.version> <slf4j.version>1.6.6</slf4j.version> <log4j.version>1.2.12</log4j.version> <mysql.version>5.1.6</mysql.version> <mybatis.version>3.4.5</mybatis.version> <spring.security.version>5.0.1.RELEASE</spring.security.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.aspectj</groupId> <artifactId>aspectjweaver</artifactId> <version>1.6.8</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-aop</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-context-support</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-orm</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-beans</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-test</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-webmvc</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework</groupId> <artifactId>spring-tx</artifactId> <version>${spring.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>junit</groupId> <artifactId>junit</artifactId> <version>4.12</version> <scope>test</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId> <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId> <version>3.1.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId> <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId> <version>2.0</version> <scope>provided</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>jstl</groupId> <artifactId>jstl</artifactId> <version>1.2</version> </dependency> <!-- log start --> <dependency> <groupId>log4j</groupId> <artifactId>log4j</artifactId> <version>${log4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-api</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.slf4j</groupId> <artifactId>slf4j-log4j12</artifactId> <version>${slf4j.version}</version> </dependency> <!-- log end --> <dependency> <groupId>mysql</groupId> <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId> <version>${mysql.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis</artifactId> <version>${mybatis.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.mybatis</groupId> <artifactId>mybatis-spring</artifactId> <version>1.3.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>c3p0</groupId> <artifactId>c3p0</artifactId> <version>0.9.1.2</version> <type>jar</type> <scope>compile</scope> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.github.pagehelper</groupId> <artifactId>pagehelper</artifactId> <version>5.1.2</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-web</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-config</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-core</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.security</groupId> <artifactId>spring-security-taglibs</artifactId> <version>${spring.security.version}</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>javax.annotation</groupId> <artifactId>jsr250-api</artifactId> <version>1.0</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-databind</artifactId> <version>2.9.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>com.fasterxml.jackson.core</groupId> <artifactId>jackson-core</artifactId> <version>2.9.7</version> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.16.16</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId> <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId> <version>2.1</version> <configuration> <port>80</port> <path>/</path> <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding> <server>tomcat7</server> </configuration> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
在web.xml中配置spring security的过滤器
web.xml
<web-app xmlns="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee http://java.sun.com/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_3_0.xsd" version="3.0"> <display-name>spring security 01</display-name> <context-param> <param-name>contextConfigLocation</param-name> <param-value>classpath:spring-security.xml,classpath*:applicationContext.xml</param-value> </context-param> <!-- 配置监听器 --> <listener> <listener-class>org.springframework.web.context.ContextLoaderListener</listener-class> </listener> <filter> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.DelegatingFilterProxy</filter-class> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>springSecurityFilterChain</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <!-- 解决中文乱码过滤器 --> <filter> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <filter-class>org.springframework.web.filter.CharacterEncodingFilter</filter-class> <init-param> <param-name>encoding</param-name> <param-value>UTF-8</param-value> </init-param> </filter> <filter-mapping> <filter-name>characterEncodingFilter</filter-name> <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern> </filter-mapping> <welcome-file-list> <welcome-file>index.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.html</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.htm</welcome-file> <welcome-file>default.jsp</welcome-file> </welcome-file-list> </web-app>
整合spring和mybatis,spring的配置文件applicationContext.xml
spring配置文件
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans"
xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xmlns:context="http://www.springframework.org/schema/context"
xmlns:aop="http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop"
xmlns:tx="http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans
http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context
http://www.springframework.org/schema/context/spring-context.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop
http://www.springframework.org/schema/aop/spring-aop.xsd
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx
http://www.springframework.org/schema/tx/spring-tx.xsd">
<!-- 开启注解扫描，管理service和dao -->
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lyy.service">
</context:component-scan>
<context:component-scan base-package="com.lyy.dao">
</context:component-scan>
<context:property-placeholder location="classpath:db.properties"/>
<!-- 配置连接池 -->
<bean id="dataSource" class="com.mchange.v2.c3p0.ComboPooledDataSource">
<property name="driverClass" value="${jdbc.driver}"/>
<property name="jdbcUrl" value="${jdbc.url}"/>
<property name="user" value="${jdbc.username}"/>
<property name="password" value="${jdbc.password}"/>
</bean>
<!--配置SqlSessionFactory工厂-->
<bean id="sqlSessionFactory" class="org.mybatis.spring.SqlSessionFactoryBean">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource" />
<property name="typeAliasesPackage" value="com.lyy.domain"/>
</bean>
<!--配置Dao接口所在包-->
<bean id="mapperScanner" class="org.mybatis.spring.mapper.MapperScannerConfigurer">
<property name="basePackage" value="com.lyy.dao"/>
</bean>
<!-- 配置Spring的声明式事务管理 -->
<!-- 配置事务管理器 -->
<bean id="transactionManager" class="org.springframework.jdbc.datasource.DataSourceTransactionManager">
<property name="dataSource" ref="dataSource"/>
</bean>
<tx:annotation-driven transaction-manager="transactionManager"/>
</beans>spring security配置文件
spring security的配置文件的内容,spring-security.xml
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:security="http://www.springframework.org/schema/security" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans.xsd http://www.springframework.org/schema/security http://www.springframework.org/schema/security/spring-security.xsd"> <!--spring-security的入门配置--> <!--配置哪些资源不会被拦截 /xxx表示根路径下的某个资源--> <security:http security="none" pattern="/login.html"/> <security:http security="none" pattern="/failed.html"/> <security:http auto-config="true" use-expressions="false"> <!-- 配置链接地址，表示任意路径都需要ROLE_USER权限,这里可以配置 一个逗号隔开的角色列表--> <security:intercept-url pattern="/**" access="ROLE_USER"/> <!--自定义登录页面--> <security:form-login login-page="/login.html" login-processing-url="/login" username-parameter="username" password-parameter="password" authentication-failure-forward-url="/failed.html" default-target-url="/index.html" /> <!--关闭csrf,默认是开启的--> <security:csrf disabled="true"/> <!-- 退出 --> <security:logout invalidate-session="true" logout-url="/logout.do" logout-success-url="/login.html" /> </security:http> <security:authentication-manager> <!--配置使用给定的userservice完成认证--> <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="userService"> </security:authentication-provider> </security:authentication-manager> </beans>
在这个配置文件中要注意的是配置用来认证的userService Bean
<!--配置使用给定的userservice完成认证--> <security:authentication-provider user-service-ref="userService">
创建登录页面和登录失败的页面login.html,failed.html
2.用户认证的实现
新建一个IUserService接口继承UserDetailsService
package com.lyy.service;
import org.springframework.security.core.userdetails.UserDetailsService;
public interface IUserService extends UserDetailsService {
}实现类如下
@Service("userService")
public class UserServiceImpl implements IUserService {
@Autowired
private IUserDao userDao;
public UserDetails loadUserByUsername(String username) throws UsernameNotFoundException {
UserInfo userInfo = userDao.findByUsername(username);
User user=new User(userInfo.getUsername(),"{noop}"+userInfo.getPassword(),getRoles());
return user;
}
/*给用户赋值角色信息*/
private List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> getRoles(){
List<SimpleGrantedAuthority> list=new ArrayList<SimpleGrantedAuthority>();
list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_USER"));
list.add(new SimpleGrantedAuthority("ROLE_ADMIN"));
return list;
}
}其中在loadUserByUsername方法中完成查询数据库信息，封装成框架需要的用户信息。
注意 :
UserInfo是封装数据库用户信息的实体类
getRoles用来给用户赋角色信息，spring security认证时用户必须有角色信息，角色信息可以从数据库中查询，在这里直接在代理中写固定值来示意。
用户密码中拼接的"{noop}"字符串是因为我们没有对密码进行加密，所以要告诉框架认证密码时不需要加密。
3.测试
启动工程，访问localhost,会跳转到登录页面，输入数据库中存在的账户和密码就会登录成功并跳转到首页index.html
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