本篇文章为大家展示了怎么在java中利用多线程有序输出ABC,内容简明扼要并且容易理解,绝对能使你眼前一亮,通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。
方式1:利用synchronized
这种方式也就是使用java内置的monitor机制,配合wait和notifyAll,代码如下:
(1)利用volatile做线程间资源的同步访问,同时作为线程调度的标志;
(2)利用notifyAll来唤醒其他等待当前的monitor资源的线程;
public class ThreadOrderWithSync {
private volatile int flag = 'A';
private final static Object LOCK = new Object();
Runnable a = () -> {
while (true) {
synchronized (LOCK) {
if (flag == 'A' ) {
System.out.println("A");
flag = 'B';
// let other thread race to get the monitor
LOCK.notifyAll();
} else {
try {
LOCK.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
};
Runnable b = () -> {
while (true) {
synchronized (LOCK) {
if (flag == 'B' ) {
System.out.println("B");
flag = 'C';
// let other thread race to get the monitor
LOCK.notifyAll();
} else {
try {
LOCK.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
};
Runnable c = () -> {
while (true) {
synchronized (LOCK) {
if (flag == 'C' ) {
System.out.println("C");
flag = 'A';
// let other thread race to get the monitor
LOCK.notifyAll();
} else {
try {
LOCK.wait();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
}
}
};
public void runTest() {
Thread ta = new Thread(a);
Thread tb = new Thread(b);
Thread tc = new Thread(c);
ta.start();
tb.start();
tc.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadOrderWithSync sync = new ThreadOrderWithSync();
sync.runTest();
}
}
方式2:利用并发包ReentrantLock和Condition的锁机制
上面方式1的synchronized机制,因为当前的所有线程都争用同一个monitor资源,因此只能通过notifyAll来通知其他线程来加锁,因此每次都会出现race condition,但是,通过ReentrantLock的Condition,我们可以精确控制,下一个该唤醒signal的线程是哪一个(因为我们知道执行的顺序是A->B->C的循环),相比synchronized的机制,Condition机制可以更精细化线程的调度设计,代码示例如下:
/**
* @author xijin.zeng created on 2018/8/31
* Thrads runing order: A->B->C
*/
public class ThreadOrderWithCondition {
private static final ReentrantLock LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
private static final Condition C_A = LOCK.newCondition();
private static final Condition C_B = LOCK.newCondition();
private static final Condition C_C = LOCK.newCondition();
/**
* init for A to run first
*/
private volatile int flag = 'A';
Runnable a = () -> {
while (true) {
LOCK.lock();
if (flag == 'A') {
System.out.println("A");
flag = 'B';
// signal B to run
C_B.signal();
} else {
try {
// block and wait signal to invoke
C_A.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
LOCK.unlock();
}
};
Runnable b = () -> {
while (true) {
LOCK.lock();
if (flag == 'B') {
System.out.println("B");
flag = 'C';
// signal C to run
C_C.signal();
} else {
try {
// block and wait signal to invoke
C_B.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
LOCK.unlock();
}
};
Runnable c = () -> {
while (true) {
LOCK.lock();
if (flag == 'C') {
System.out.println("C");
flag = 'A';
// signal A to run
C_A.signal();
} else {
try {
// block and wait signal to invoke
C_C.await();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
e.printStackTrace();
}
}
LOCK.unlock();
}
};
public void runTest() {
Thread threadA = new Thread(a);
Thread threadB = new Thread(b);
Thread threadC = new Thread(c);
threadA.start();
threadB.start();
threadC.start();
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
ThreadOrderWithCondition o = new ThreadOrderWithCondition();
o.runTest();
}
}
上述内容就是怎么在java中利用多线程有序输出ABC,你们学到知识或技能了吗?如果还想学到更多技能或者丰富自己的知识储备,欢迎关注亿速云行业资讯频道。
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