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Java的特点有哪些 1.Java语言作为静态面向对象编程语言的代表，实现了面向对象理论，允许程序员以优雅的思维方式进行复杂的编程。 2.Java具有简单性、面向对象、分布式、安全性、平台独立与可移植性、动态性等特点。 3.使用Java可以编写桌面应用程序、Web应用程序、分布式系统和嵌入式系统应用程序等。
package model;
top class的修饰符组合
abstract final public
* 2 * 2
warning:
abstract final 冲突
最终,共有2*(2*2-1)=6种修饰符组合用于top class
*/
/*
public abstract class PublicAbstractClass{}
public final class PublicFinalClass{}
abstract class AbstractClass{}
final class FinalClass{}
public class PublicClass{}
class Class{}
关于constructor的修饰符组合
abstract [DEFAULT] protected public
关于field的修饰符组合
* 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
权限 静态的 瞬态的 同步的
private 缺省 缺省 缺省 缺省
缺省 (not final) (not static) (not transient) (not volatile)
protected
public final static transient volatile
warning:
volatile final 冲突
最终,共有4*2*2*(2*2-1)=48种修饰符组合用于field
关于method的修饰符组合
* 2 * 2 * 2 * 2 * 2
权限 静态的 同步的 本地的
private 缺省 缺省 缺省 缺省 缺省
缺省 (not abstract) (not final) (not static) (not synchronized) (not native)
protected
public abstract final static synchronized native
warning:
abstract 和 private 冲突
abstract 和 final 冲突
abstract 和 synchronized 冲突
abstract 和 static 冲突
abstract 和 native 冲突
所以abstract method 的修饰符组合只有三种:
abstract
protected abstract
public abstract
最终,共有4*2*2*2*2+3=67中修饰符组合用于method
*/
/**
* 这个类列举了所有的用于字段的修饰符组合
* ├构造器的修饰符组合
* └方法的修饰符组合
* @author zhangxingshuo
*/
abstract class A {
/*fields*/
/*transient and volatile*/
private transient volatile int privateTransientVolatileIntMemberField;
transient volatile int transientVolatileIntMemberField;
protected transient volatile int protectedTransientVolatileIntMemberField;
public transient volatile int publicTransientVolatileIntMemberField;
// private final transient volatile int privateFinalTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// final transient volatile int finalTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// protected final transient volatile int protectedFinalTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// public final transient volatile int publicFinalTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
private static transient volatile int privateStaticTransientVolatileIntMemberField;
static transient volatile int staticTransientVolatileIntMemberField;
protected static transient volatile int protectedStaticTransientVolatileIntMemberField;
public static transient volatile int publicStaticTransientVolatileIntMemberField;
// private final static transient volatile int privateFinalStaticTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// final static transient volatile int finalStaticTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// protected final static transient volatile int protectedFinalStaticTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// public final static transient volatile int publicFinalStaticTransientVolatileIntMemberField=0;
/*not transient and volatile*/
private volatile int privateVolatileIntMemberField;
volatile int VolatileIntMemberField;
protected volatile int protectedVolatileIntMemberField;
public volatile int publicVolatileIntMemberField;
// private final volatile int privateFinalVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// final volatile int finalVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// protected final volatile int protectedFinalVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// public final volatile int publicFinalVolatileIntMemberField=0;
private static volatile int privateStaticVolatileIntMemberField;
static volatile int staticVolatileIntMemberField;
protected static volatile int protectedStaticVolatileIntMemberField;
public static volatile int publicStaticVolatileIntMemberField;
// private final static volatile int privateFinalStaticVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// final static volatile int finalStaticVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// protected final static volatile int protectedFinalStaticVolatileIntMemberField=0;
// public final static volatile int publicFinalStaticVolatileIntMemberField=0;
/*transient and not volatile*/
private transient int privateTransientIntMemberField;
transient int transientIntMemberField;
protected transient int protectedTransientIntMemberField;
public transient int publicTransientIntMemberField;
private final transient int privateFinalTransientIntMemberField=0;
final transient int finalTransientIntMemberField=0;
protected final transient int protectedFinalTransientIntMemberField=0;
public final transient int publicFinalTransientIntMemberField=0;
private static transient int privateStaticTransientIntMemberField;
static transient int staticTransientIntMemberField;
protected static transient int protectedStaticTransientIntMemberField;
public static transient int publicStaticTransientIntMemberField;
private final static transient int privateFinalStaticTransientIntMemberField=0;
final static transient int finalStaticTransientIntMemberField=0;
protected final static transient int protectedFinalStaticTransientIntMemberField=0;
public final static transient int publicFinalStaticTransientIntMemberField=0;
/*not transient and not volatile*/
private int privateIntMemberField;
int intMemberField;
protected int protectedIntMemberField;
public int publicIntMemberField;
private final int privateFinalIntMemberField=0;
final int finalIntMemberField=0;
protected final int protectedFinalIntMemberField=0;
public final int publicFinalIntMemberField=0;
private static int privateStaticIntMemberField;
static int staticIntMemberField;
protected static int protectedStaticIntMemberField;
public static int publicStaticIntMemberField;
private final static int privateFinalStaticIntMemberField=0;
final static int finalStaticIntMemberField=0;
protected final static int protectedFinalStaticIntMemberField=0;
public final static int publicFinalStaticIntMemberField=0;
/*constructors*/
private A( ){}
A(int i ){}
protected A(int i,int j ){}
public A(int i,int j,int k){}
/*methods*/
private final static synchronized native void privateFinalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
final static synchronized native void finalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
protected final static synchronized native void protectedFinalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
public final static synchronized native void publicFinalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
private static synchronized native void privateStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
static synchronized native void staticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
protected static synchronized native void protectedStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
public static synchronized native void publicStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
private final synchronized native void privateFinalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
final synchronized native void finalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
protected final synchronized native void protectedFinalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
public final synchronized native void publicFinalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
private synchronized native void privateSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
synchronized native void synchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
protected synchronized native void protectedSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
public synchronized native void publicSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
private final static native void privateFinalStaticNativeVoidMethod();
final static native void finalStaticNativeVoidMethod();
protected final static native void protectedFinalStaticNativeVoidMethod();
public final static native void publicFinalStaticNativeVoidMethod();
private static native void privateStaticNativeVoidMethod();
static native void staticNativeVoidMethod();
protected static native void protectedStaticNativeVoidMethod();
public static native void publicStaticNativeVoidMethod();
private final native void privateFinalNativeVoidMethod();
final native void finalNativeVoidMethod();
protected final native void protectedFinalNativeVoidMethod();
public final native void publicFinalNativeVoidMethod();
private native void privateNativeVoidMethod();
native void nativeVoidMethod();
protected native void protectedNativeVoidMethod();
public native void publicNativeVoidMethod();
private final static synchronized void privateFinalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
final static synchronized void finalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
protected final static synchronized void protectedFinalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
public final static synchronized void publicFinalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
private static synchronized void privateStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
static synchronized void staticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
protected static synchronized void protectedStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
public static synchronized void publicStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
private final synchronized void privateFinalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
final synchronized void finalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
protected final synchronized void protectedFinalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
public final synchronized void publicFinalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
private synchronized void privateSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
synchronized void synchronizedVoidMethod(){};
protected synchronized void protectedSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
public synchronized void publicSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
private final static void privateFinalStaticVoidMethod(){};
final static void finalStaticVoidMethod(){};
protected final static void protectedFinalStaticVoidMethod(){};
public final static void publicFinalStaticVoidMethod(){};
private static void privateStaticVoidMethod(){};
static void staticVoidMethod(){};
protected static void protectedStaticVoidMethod(){};
public static void publicStaticVoidMethod(){};
private final void privateFinalVoidMethod(){};
final void finalVoidMethod(){};
protected final void protectedFinalVoidMethod(){};
public final void publicFinalVoidMethod(){};
private void privateVoidMethod(){};
void voidMethod(){};
protected void protectedVoidMethod(){};
public void publicVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract final static synchronized native void privateAbstractFinalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// abstract final static synchronized native void abstractFinalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// protected abstract final static synchronized native void protectedAbstractFinalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// public abstract final static synchronized native void publicAbstractFinalStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract static synchronized native void privateAbstractStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
// abstract static synchronized native void abstractStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
// protected abstract static synchronized native void protectedAbstractStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
// public abstract static synchronized native void publicAbstractStaticSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod();
// private abstract final synchronized native void privateAbstractFinalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// abstract final synchronized native void abstractFinalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// protected abstract final synchronized native void protectedAbstractFinalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// public abstract final synchronized native void publicAbstractFinalSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract synchronized native void privateAbstractSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// abstract synchronized native void abstractSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// protected abstract synchronized native void protectedAbstractSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// public abstract synchronized native void publicAbstractSynchronizedNativeVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract final static native void privateAbstractFinalStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// abstract final static native void abstractFinalStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// protected abstract final static native void protectedAbstractFinalStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// public abstract final static native void publicAbstractFinalStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract static native void privateAbstractStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// abstract static native void abstractStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// protected abstract static native void protectedAbstractStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// public abstract static native void publicAbstractStaticNativeVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract final native void privateAbstractFinalNativeVoidMethod(){};
// abstract final native void abstractFinalNativeVoidMethod(){};
// protected abstract final native void protectedAbstractFinalNativeVoidMethod(){};
// public abstract final native void publicAbstractFinalNativeVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract native void privateAbstractNativeVoidMethod();
// abstract native void abstractNativeVoidMethod();
// protected abstract native void protectedAbstractNativeVoidMethod();
// public abstract native void publicAbstractNativeVoidMethod();
// private abstract final static synchronized void privateAbstractFinalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// abstract final static synchronized void abstractFinalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// protected abstract final static synchronized void protectedAbstractFinalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// public abstract final static synchronized void publicAbstractFinalStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// private abstract static synchronized void privateAbstractStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// abstract static synchronized void abstractStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// protected abstract static synchronized void protectedAbstractStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// public abstract static synchronized void publicAbstractStaticSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// private abstract final synchronized void privateAbstractFinalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
// abstract final synchronized void abstractFinalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
// protected abstract final synchronized void protectedAbstractFinalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
// public abstract final synchronized void publicAbstractFinalSynchronizedVoidMethod(){};
// private abstract synchronized void privateAbstractSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// abstract synchronized void abstractSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// protected abstract synchronized void protectedAbstractSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// public abstract synchronized void publicAbstractSynchronizedVoidMethod();
// private abstract final static void privateAbstractFinalStaticVoidMethod;
// abstract final static void abstractFinalStaticVoidMethod;
// protected abstract final static void protectedAbstractFinalStaticVoidMethod;
// public abstract final static void publicAbstractFinalStaticVoidMethod;
// private abstract static void privateAbstractStaticVoidMethod();
// abstract static void abstractStaticVoidMethod();
// protected abstract static void protectedAbstractStaticVoidMethod();
// public abstract static void publicAbstractStaticVoidMethod();
// private abstract final void privateAbstractFinalVoidMethod();
// abstract final void abstractFinalVoidMethod();
// protected abstract final void protectedAbstractFinalVoidMethod();
// public abstract final void publicAbstractFinalVoidMethod();
// private abstract void privateAbstractVoidMethod();
abstract void abstractVoidMethod();
protected abstract void protectedAbstractVoidMethod();
public abstract void publicAbstractVoidMethod();
}ps：Java 修饰符
Java语言提供了很多修饰符，主要分为以下两类：
访问修饰符
非访问修饰符
修饰符用来定义类、方法或者变量，通常放在语句的最前端。我们通过下面的例子来说明：
public class className {
// ...
}
private boolean myFlag;
static final double weeks = 9.5;
protected static final int BOXWIDTH = 42;
public static void main(String[] arguments) {
// 方法体
}访问控制修饰符
Java中，可以使用访问控制符来保护对类、变量、方法和构造方法的访问。Java 支持 4 种不同的访问权限。
default (即缺省，什么也不写）: 在同一包内可见，不使用任何修饰符。使用对象：类、接口、变量、方法。
private : 在同一类内可见。使用对象：变量、方法。 注意：不能修饰类（外部类）
public : 对所有类可见。使用对象：类、接口、变量、方法
protected : 对同一包内的类和所有子类可见。使用对象：变量、方法。 注意：不能修饰类（外部类）。
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