Spring Boot + Jpa(Hibernate) 架构基本配置详解

发布时间：2020-08-24 06:24:21 来源：脚本之家阅读：314 作者：Hgihness 栏目：编程语言

1、基于springboot-1.4.0.RELEASE版本测试

2、springBoot + hibernate + Druid + MySQL + servlet(jsp)

不废话，直接上代码

一、maven的pom文件

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
  <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>com.zsx</groupId>
    <artifactId>demo</artifactId>
    <packaging>war</packaging>
    <version>0.0.1</version>
    <name>zsx Maven Webapp</name>
    <url>http://maven.apache.org</url>

    <properties>
      <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
      <jdk.version>1.7</jdk.version>
      <tomcat.version>7.0.69</tomcat.version>
    </properties>

    <parent>
      <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
      <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId>
      <version>1.4.0.RELEASE</version>
    </parent>

    <dependencies>

      <!-- 添加对jsp视图解析的支持 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.embed</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat-embed-jasper</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
        <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
      </dependency>


      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-web</artifactId>
      </dependency>


      <!-- 下面两个引入为了操作数据库 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-data-jpa</artifactId>
      </dependency>
      <dependency>
        <groupId>mysql</groupId>
        <artifactId>mysql-connector-java</artifactId>
      </dependency>



      <dependency> 
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> 
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-tomcat</artifactId> 
        <scope>provided</scope> 
      </dependency>

      <!-- 只需引入spring-boot-devtools 即可实现热部署 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-devtools</artifactId>
      </dependency>

      <!-- Json包 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>fastjson</artifactId>
        <version>1.2.16</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- 为了监控数据库 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>com.alibaba</groupId>
        <artifactId>druid</artifactId>
        <version>1.0.25</version>
      </dependency>


      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.apache.poi</groupId>
        <artifactId>poi</artifactId>
        <version>3.14</version>
      </dependency>

      <!-- Junit 单元测试 -->
      <dependency>
        <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
        <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-test</artifactId>
        <scope>test</scope>
      </dependency>

      <dependency> 
        <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> 
        <artifactId>springfox-swagger2</artifactId> 
        <version>2.6.0</version> 
      </dependency> 
      <dependency> 
        <groupId>io.springfox</groupId> 
        <artifactId>springfox-swagger-ui</artifactId> 
        <version>2.6.0</version> 
      </dependency>

    </dependencies>
    <build>
      <finalName>/</finalName>

      <plugins>

        <plugin>
          <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
          <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId>
          <dependencies>
            <!-- 热部署 -->
            <dependency>
              <groupId>org.springframework</groupId>
              <artifactId>springloaded</artifactId>
              <version>1.2.6.RELEASE</version>
            </dependency>
          </dependencies>
        </plugin>

      </plugins>

    </build>

    <repositories>
      <repository>
        <id>ali</id>
        <name>ali Repository</name>
        <url>http://maven.aliyun.com/nexus/content/groups/public/</url>
        <snapshots>
          <enabled>false</enabled>
        </snapshots>
      </repository>
    </repositories>
  </project>

二、项目架构

想想还是介绍一下项目的目录结构，这样方便梳理整体的架构配置

src
├─main
  │ ├─java
  │ │ └─com
  │ │   └─zsx
  │ │     │ Application.java
  │ │     │ SpringBootStartApplication.java
  │ │     │ 
  │ │     ├─common
  │ │     │ ├─config
  │ │     │ │   DruidDBConfig.java
  │ │     │ │   MultipartConfig.java
  │ │     │ │   
  │ │     │ ├─filter
  │ │     │ │   DruidStatFilter.java
  │ │     │ │   
  │ │     │ ├─interceptors
  │ │     │ │   AuthInterceptor.java
  │ │     │ │   WebAppConfigurer.java
  │ │     │ │   
  │ │     │ ├─servlet
  │ │     │ │   DruidStatViewServlet.java
  │ │     │ │   
  │ │     │ └─swagger
  │ │     │     Swagger2.java
  │ │     │     
  │ │     ├─controller
  │ │     │ │ LoginController.java
  │ │     │ │ TestController.java
  │ │     │ │ UserController.java
  │ │     │     
  │ │     ├─dao
  │ │     │ │ TUserDao.java
  │ │     │ │ 
  │ │     │ └─impl
  │ │     ├─entity
  │ │     │ │ BaseEntity.java
  │ │     │     
  │ │     ├─model
  │ │     │ │ Tree.java
  │ │     │     
  │ │     ├─service
  │ │     │ │ UserService.java
  │ │     │ │ 
  │ │     │ └─impl
  │ │     │     UserServiceImpl.java
  │ │     │     
  │ │     └─util
  │ │         GeneratePageable.java
  │ │         
  │ ├─resources
  │ │ │ application.properties
  │ │ │ logback-test.xml
  │ │ │ 
  │ │ └─static
  │ │   ├─css 
  │ │   ├─img
  │ │   └─js
  │ │         
  │ └─webapp
  │   │ index.jsp
  │   │ 
  │   └─WEB-INF
  │     │ web.xml
  │     │ 
  │     └─view
  │       │ login.jsp
  │       │   
  │       ├─error
  │       │   500.jsp  
  │       ├─jsp
  │           main.jsp
  │           
  └─test
    └─java
        UtilTest.java

标准的maven项目结构，其中Java下是dao、service、controller ，还有实体类映射entity，其他配置config

三、resources下的应用配置文件application.properties

  #server.port=9090


  # 数据库访问配置
  # 主数据源，默认的
  spring.datasource.type=com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource
  spring.datasource.url=jdbc:mysql://localhost:3306/test
  spring.datasource.username= root
  spring.datasource.password= root
  spring.datasource.driverClassName = com.mysql.jdbc.Driver


  # 下面为连接池的补充设置，应用到上面所有数据源中
  # 初始化大小，最小，最大
  spring.datasource.initialSize=5
  spring.datasource.minIdle=5
  spring.datasource.maxActive=20
  # 配置获取连接等待超时的时间
  spring.datasource.maxWait=60000
  # 配置间隔多久才进行一次检测，检测需要关闭的空闲连接，单位是毫秒 
  spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis=60000
  # 配置一个连接在池中最小生存的时间，单位是毫秒 
  spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis=300000
  spring.datasource.validationQuery=SELECT 1 FROM DUAL
  spring.datasource.testWhileIdle=true
  spring.datasource.testOnBorrow=false
  spring.datasource.testOnReturn=false
  # 打开PSCache，并且指定每个连接上PSCache的大小 
  spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements=true
  spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize=20
  # 配置监控统计拦截的filters，去掉后监控界面sql无法统计，'wall'用于防火墙 
  spring.datasource.filters=stat,wall,log4j
  # 通过connectProperties属性来打开mergeSql功能；慢SQL记录
  spring.datasource.connectionProperties=druid.stat.mergeSql=true;druid.stat.slowSqlMillis=5000
  # 合并多个DruidDataSource的监控数据
  spring.datasource.useGlobalDataSourceStat=true


  #JPA Configuration: 
  spring.jpa.database=MYSQL
  # Show or not log for each sql query
  spring.jpa.show-sql=false
  spring.jpa.generate-ddl=true 
  # Hibernate ddl auto (create, create-drop, update)
  spring.jpa.hibernate.ddl-auto=create 
  #spring.jpa.database-platform=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect 
  spring.jpa.hibernate.naming_strategy=org.hibernate.cfg.ImprovedNamingStrategy 
  #spring.jpa.database=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5InnoDBDialect 
  spring.jpa.properties.hibernate.dialect=org.hibernate.dialect.MySQL5Dialect


  spring.mvc.view.prefix=/WEB-INF/view/
  spring.mvc.view.suffix=.jsp
  #spring.resources.static-locations=classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/

四、启动应用主类文件 Application.java

package com.zsx;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.ServletComponentScan;

@SpringBootApplication
@ServletComponentScan // 扫描使用注解方式的servlet
public class Application {

  public static void main(String[] args) {
    SpringApplication.run(Application.class, args);
  }
}

若需要部署到外部的tomcat容器中，则添加下面类即可。

package com.zsx;

import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.builder.SpringApplicationBuilder;
import org.springframework.boot.context.web.SpringBootServletInitializer;
/**
 * 修改启动类，继承 SpringBootServletInitializer 并重写 configure 方法
 * @author ZSX
 *
 */
public class SpringBootStartApplication extends SpringBootServletInitializer {

  private static final Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(SpringBootStartApplication.class);

  @Override
  protected SpringApplicationBuilder configure(SpringApplicationBuilder builder) {
    return builder.sources(Application.class);
  }

}

五、数据库连接池Druid的配置

  package com.zsx.common.config;

  import java.sql.SQLException;

  import javax.sql.DataSource;

  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Primary;

  import com.alibaba.druid.pool.DruidDataSource;

  /**
   * DruidDBConfig类被@Configuration标注，用作配置信息； 
   * DataSource对象被@Bean声明，为Spring容器所管理， 
   * @Primary表示这里定义的DataSource将覆盖其他来源的DataSource。
   * @author ZSX
   *jdbc.url=${jdbc.url} 
   *最新的支持方式如下: 
   *jdbc.url=@jdbc.url@ 
   */
  @Configuration
  public class DruidDBConfig {
  // private Logger logger = LoggerFactory.getLogger(DruidDBConfig.class);

    @Value("${spring.datasource.url}")
    private String dbUrl;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.username}")
    private String username;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.password}")
    private String password;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.driverClassName}")
    private String driverClassName;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.initialSize}")
    private int initialSize;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.minIdle}")
    private int minIdle;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.maxActive}")
    private int maxActive;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.maxWait}")
    private int maxWait;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis}")
    private int timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.minEvictableIdleTimeMillis}")
    private int minEvictableIdleTimeMillis;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.validationQuery}")
    private String validationQuery;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.testWhileIdle}")
    private boolean testWhileIdle;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.testOnBorrow}")
    private boolean testOnBorrow;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.testOnReturn}")
    private boolean testOnReturn;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.poolPreparedStatements}")
    private boolean poolPreparedStatements;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize}")
    private int maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize;

    @Value("${spring.datasource.filters}")
    private String filters;

    @Value("{spring.datasource.connectionProperties}")
    private String connectionProperties;

    @Bean // 声明其为Bean实例
    @Primary // 在同样的DataSource中，首先使用被标注的DataSource
    public DataSource dataSource() {
      DruidDataSource datasource = new DruidDataSource();

      datasource.setUrl(this.dbUrl);
      datasource.setUsername(username);
      datasource.setPassword(password);
      datasource.setDriverClassName(driverClassName);

      // configuration
      datasource.setInitialSize(initialSize);
      datasource.setMinIdle(minIdle);
      datasource.setMaxActive(maxActive);
      datasource.setMaxWait(maxWait);
      datasource.setTimeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis(timeBetweenEvictionRunsMillis);
      datasource.setMinEvictableIdleTimeMillis(minEvictableIdleTimeMillis);
      datasource.setValidationQuery(validationQuery);
      datasource.setTestWhileIdle(testWhileIdle);
      datasource.setTestOnBorrow(testOnBorrow);
      datasource.setTestOnReturn(testOnReturn);
      datasource.setPoolPreparedStatements(poolPreparedStatements);
      datasource.setMaxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize(maxPoolPreparedStatementPerConnectionSize);
      try {
        datasource.setFilters(filters);
      } catch (SQLException e) {

      }
      datasource.setConnectionProperties(connectionProperties);

      return datasource;
    }
  }

springboot里默认使用tomcat的上传文件大小限制，即1MB，修改用下面的配置类：

import javax.servlet.MultipartConfigElement;

import org.springframework.boot.web.servlet.MultipartConfigFactory;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

@Configuration
public class MultipartConfig {

  @Bean
  public MultipartConfigElement multipartConfigElement(){
    MultipartConfigFactory factory = new MultipartConfigFactory();
    factory.setMaxFileSize("10MB");
    factory.setMaxRequestSize("10MB");
    return factory.createMultipartConfig();
  }

}

六、开启Druid的数据库监控配置

1、配置Filter

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebFilter;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;

import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.WebStatFilter;

/**
 * 配置druid监控统计功能
 * 配置Filter
 * @author ZSX
 *
 */

@WebFilter(filterName = "druidWebStatFilter", urlPatterns = "/*",
  initParams = {
      @WebInitParam(name="exclusions",value="*.js,*.gif,*.jpg,*.bmp,*.png,*.css,*.ico,/druid/*")// 忽略资源
  }
)

public class DruidStatFilter extends WebStatFilter {

}

2、配置web访问的servlet

import javax.servlet.annotation.WebInitParam;
import javax.servlet.annotation.WebServlet;

import com.alibaba.druid.support.http.StatViewServlet;


/**
 * 配置druid监控统计功能
 * 在SpringBoot项目中基于注解的配置，如果是web.xml配置，按规则配置即可
 * @author ZSX
 *
 */

@WebServlet(urlPatterns = "/druid/*",
  initParams = {
//     @WebInitParam(name = "allow", value = "192.168.16.110,127.0.0.1"), // IP白名单 (没有配置或者为空，则允许所有访问)
//     @WebInitParam(name="deny",value="192.168.16.111"), // IP黑名单 (存在共同时，deny优先于allow)
      @WebInitParam(name="loginUsername",value="druid"),// 用户名
      @WebInitParam(name="loginPassword",value="druid"),// 密码
      @WebInitParam(name="resetEnable",value="false")// 禁用HTML页面上的“Reset All”功能
  }
)
public class DruidStatViewServlet extends StatViewServlet {

}

这样启动项目后在浏览器中输入地址：端口/druid，就可以看到druid的监控web页面了

七、拦截器配置

  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
  import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.InterceptorRegistry;
  import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
  import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter;

  @Configuration
  public class WebAppConfigurer extends WebMvcConfigurerAdapter {

    /**
     * 配置拦截器
     */
    @Override
    public void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry) {
      // TODO Auto-generated method stub
      // 多个拦截器组成一个拦截器链
      // addPathPatterns 用于添加拦截规则
      // excludePathPatterns 用户排除拦截

      registry.addInterceptor(new AuthInterceptor()).addPathPatterns("/**");


      super.addInterceptors(registry);
    }

    /**
     * 添加自定义的静态资源映射
     这里使用代码的方式自定义目录映射，并不影响Spring Boot的默认映射，可以同时使用。
     */
    @Override
    public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {

  //   registry.addResourceHandler("/new/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/new/");
  //   registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations("/");
      super.addResourceHandlers(registry);
    }

  }

八、swagger发布api测试配置（可忽略）

  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
  import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;

  import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
  import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
  import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
  import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
  import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
  import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
  import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;

  @Configuration
  @EnableSwagger2
  public class Swagger2 {

    @Bean
    public Docket createRestApi(){
      return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
          .apiInfo(apiInfo())
          .select()
          .apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("com.zsx.controller.api"))
          .paths(PathSelectors.any())
          .build();
    }

    private ApiInfo apiInfo(){
      return new ApiInfoBuilder()
          .title("Spring Boot中使用Swagger2构建RESTful APIs")
          .description("描述")
          .termsOfServiceUrl("http://zsx.com.cn")
          .version("1.0")
          .build();
    }

  }

至此，所有的配置已完成，下面是一个操作数据的简单demo

九、实体类

  @Entity
  @Table(name = "t_user")
  public class Tuser implements java.io.Serializable {

    /**
     * 
     */
    private static final long serialVersionUID = 1L;

    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy=GenerationType.IDENTITY)
    private Long id;

    @Column(name = "username")
    private String userName;

    @Column(name = "password")
    private String passWord;

    @Column(name = "email")
    private String email;

    @Column(name = "mobile")
    private String mobile;

    @Column(name = "nickname")
    private String nickName;

    // 省略getter 和 setter

  }

十、dao层

1、使用jpa基本可以实现不写sql，（但实际开发中，业务逻辑会很复杂，一点不写sql完全不现实）

2、注意添加@Repository注解，添加JpaSpecificationExecutor继承可以方便分页

3、看些jpa的查询语法资料

  import java.util.List;
  import java.util.Map;

  import org.springframework.data.domain.Pageable;
  import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.JpaSpecificationExecutor;
  import org.springframework.data.jpa.repository.Query;
  import org.springframework.data.repository.PagingAndSortingRepository;
  import org.springframework.data.repository.query.Param;
  import org.springframework.stereotype.Repository;

  @Repository
  public interface TuserDao extends PagingAndSortingRepository<Tuser, Long>, JpaSpecificationExecutor<Tuser> {

    Tuser findByUserName(String userName);

    @Query("from Tuser t where id = :id")
    List<Tuser> queryFamilyList(@Param("id") Long id, Pageable pageable);

  }

十一、service和controller没啥好说的，跟原先的一样，下面再提供一个单元测试的demo

  import java.util.List;
  import javax.persistence.EntityManager;

  import org.junit.Test;
  import org.junit.runner.RunWith;
  import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired;
  import org.springframework.boot.test.SpringApplicationConfiguration;
  import org.springframework.test.context.junit4.SpringJUnit4ClassRunner;
  import org.springframework.test.context.web.WebAppConfiguration;

  import com.alibaba.fastjson.JSON;
  import com.golden.Application;
  import com.golden.dao.TUserDao;
  import com.golden.entity.Tuser;
  import com.golden.util.GeneratePageable;

  @RunWith(SpringJUnit4ClassRunner.class)

  //指定我们SpringBoot工程的Application启动类
  @SpringApplicationConfiguration(classes = Application.class)

  //由于是Web项目，Junit需要模拟ServletContext，因此我们需要给我们的测试类加上@WebAppConfiguration
  @WebAppConfiguration
  public class UtilTest {

    @Autowired
    private TUserDao dao;

    @Autowired
    private EntityManager em;

    @Test
    public void test1(){
      dao.findByUserName("admin");
    }

    @Test
    public void test2(){
      // 使用jpa提供的分页类
      java.util.List<Order> list = new ArrayList<Sort.Order>();
      Order order = new Order(Direction.DESC, "createTime");

      list.add(order);

      Sort sort = new Sort(list);

      Pageable pageable = new PageRequest(0, 10, sort);

      Page<Tuser> findAll = dao.findAll(pageable);

    }

    @Test
    public void test3(){

      EntityManager em = dao.getEntityManager();
      Query query = em.createNativeQuery("select * from t_user limit 1");
      Object singleResult = query.getSingleResult();
      System.out.println(singleResult);
    }

    /*
  //执行原生SQL
  Query nativeQuery = em.createNativeQuery(String sql);
  //指定返回对象类型
  nativeQuery.unwrap(SQLQuery.class).setResultTransformer(Transformers.aliasToBean( Class resultType));
  //返回对象
  List<T> resultList = nativeQuery.getResultList(); 
     */
  }

后记：

不用Druid的可以把有关Druid的配置全部删掉，swagger的同理

这里没有使用hibernate.cfg.xml配置文件，主要习惯了在实体类里配置字段了，不怎么用hibernate的映xml文件了，但其实配置起来跟springmvc项目一样

说实话这里使用jpa操作数据库，没感觉有多方便，因为总有各种奇葩的需求，当然也可能是我没深入研究，所以建议改用Mybatis，这个我会再写一篇springboot加mybatis的配置教程的，最后，还可以使用原生的sql查询，即使用单元测试里的EntityManager对象去执行sql，返回结果可以指定对象类型，也很方便

还需要注意的一个点是静态文件的存放位置，这个跟原先的项目不一样，原先是在webapp下，但springboot是默认放在resources下的static目录下的，还有其他默认目录和配置，自行搜索

以上就是本文的全部内容，希望对大家的学习有所帮助，也希望大家多多支持亿速云。

向AI问一下细节

Spring Boot + Jpa(Hibernate) 架构基本配置详解

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