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1.介绍
在日常开发中发生了异常，往往是需要通过一个统一的异常处理处理所有异常，来保证客户端能够收到友好的提示。SpringBoot在页面发生异常的时候会自动把请求转到/error，SpringBoot内置了一个BasicErrorController对异常进行统一的处理，当然也可以自定义这个路径
application.yaml
server: port: 8080 error: path: /custom/error
BasicErrorController提供两种返回错误一种是页面返回、当你是页面请求的时候就会返回页面，另外一种是json请求的时候就会返回json错误
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
return (modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView);
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
return new ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>>(body, status);
}分别会有如下两种返回
{
"timestamp": 1478571808052,
"status": 404,
"error": "Not Found",
"message": "No message available",
"path": "/rpc"
}2.通用Exception处理
通过使用@ControllerAdvice来进行统一异常处理，@ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)来指定捕获的异常
下面针对两种异常进行了特殊处理分别返回页面和json数据，使用这种方式有个局限，无法根据不同的头部返回不同的数据格式，而且无法针对404、403等多种状态进行处理
@ControllerAdvice
public class GlobalExceptionHandler {
public static final String DEFAULT_ERROR_VIEW = "error";
@ExceptionHandler(value = CustomException.class)
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest req, CustomException e) throws Exception {
return ResponseEntity.ok("ok");
}
@ExceptionHandler(value = Exception.class)
public ModelAndView defaultErrorHandler(HttpServletRequest req, Exception e) throws Exception {
ModelAndView mav = new ModelAndView();
mav.addObject("exception", e);
mav.addObject("url", req.getRequestURL());
mav.setViewName(DEFAULT_ERROR_VIEW);
return mav;
}
}3.自定义BasicErrorController 错误处理
在初始介绍哪里提到了BasicErrorController，这个是SpringBoot的默认错误处理，也是一种全局处理方式。咱们可以模仿这种处理方式自定义自己的全局错误处理
下面定义了一个自己的BasicErrorController，可以根据自己的需求自定义errorHtml()和error()的返回值。
@Controller
@RequestMapping("${server.error.path:${error.path:/error}}")
public class BasicErrorController extends AbstractErrorController {
private final ErrorProperties errorProperties;
private static final Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(BasicErrorController.class);
@Autowired
private ApplicationContext applicationContext;
/**
* Create a new {@link org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController} instance.
*
* @param errorAttributes the error attributes
* @param errorProperties configuration properties
*/
public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes,
ErrorProperties errorProperties) {
this(errorAttributes, errorProperties,
Collections.<ErrorViewResolver>emptyList());
}
/**
* Create a new {@link org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.web.BasicErrorController} instance.
*
* @param errorAttributes the error attributes
* @param errorProperties configuration properties
* @param errorViewResolvers error view resolvers
*/
public BasicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes,
ErrorProperties errorProperties, List<ErrorViewResolver> errorViewResolvers) {
super(errorAttributes, errorViewResolvers);
Assert.notNull(errorProperties, "ErrorProperties must not be null");
this.errorProperties = errorProperties;
}
@Override
public String getErrorPath() {
return this.errorProperties.getPath();
}
@RequestMapping(produces = "text/html")
public ModelAndView errorHtml(HttpServletRequest request,
HttpServletResponse response) {
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
Map<String, Object> model = Collections.unmodifiableMap(getErrorAttributes(
request, isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.TEXT_HTML)));
response.setStatus(status.value());
ModelAndView modelAndView = resolveErrorView(request, response, status, model);
insertError(request);
return modelAndView == null ? new ModelAndView("error", model) : modelAndView;
}
@RequestMapping
@ResponseBody
public ResponseEntity<Map<String, Object>> error(HttpServletRequest request) {
Map<String, Object> body = getErrorAttributes(request,
isIncludeStackTrace(request, MediaType.ALL));
HttpStatus status = getStatus(request);
insertError(request);
return new ResponseEntity(body, status);
}
/**
* Determine if the stacktrace attribute should be included.
*
* @param request the source request
* @param produces the media type produced (or {@code MediaType.ALL})
* @return if the stacktrace attribute should be included
*/
protected boolean isIncludeStackTrace(HttpServletRequest request,
MediaType produces) {
ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace include = getErrorProperties().getIncludeStacktrace();
if (include == ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace.ALWAYS) {
return true;
}
if (include == ErrorProperties.IncludeStacktrace.ON_TRACE_PARAM) {
return getTraceParameter(request);
}
return false;
}
/**
* Provide access to the error properties.
*
* @return the error properties
*/
protected ErrorProperties getErrorProperties() {
return this.errorProperties;
}
}SpringBoot提供了一种特殊的Bean定义方式，可以让我们容易的覆盖已经定义好的Controller,原生的BasicErrorController是定义在ErrorMvcAutoConfiguration中的
具体代码如下：
@Bean
@ConditionalOnMissingBean(value = ErrorController.class, search = SearchStrategy.CURRENT)
public BasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
return new BasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
this.errorViewResolvers);
}可以看到这个注解@ConditionalOnMissingBean 意思就是定义这个bean 当 ErrorController.class 这个没有定义的时候， 意思就是说只要我们在代码里面定义了自己的ErrorController.class时，这段代码就不生效了，具体自定义如下：
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnWebApplication
@ConditionalOnClass({Servlet.class, DispatcherServlet.class})
@AutoConfigureBefore(WebMvcAutoConfiguration.class)
@EnableConfigurationProperties(ResourceProperties.class)
public class ConfigSpringboot {
@Autowired(required = false)
private List<ErrorViewResolver> errorViewResolvers;
private final ServerProperties serverProperties;
public ConfigSpringboot(
ServerProperties serverProperties) {
this.serverProperties = serverProperties;
}
@Bean
public MyBasicErrorController basicErrorController(ErrorAttributes errorAttributes) {
return new MyBasicErrorController(errorAttributes, this.serverProperties.getError(),
this.errorViewResolvers);
}
}在使用的时候需要注意MyBasicErrorController不能被自定义扫描Controller扫描到，否则无法启动。
3.总结
一般来说自定义BasicErrorController这种方式比较实用，因为可以通过不同的头部返回不同的数据格式，在配置上稍微复杂一些，但是从实用的角度来说比较方便而且可以定义通用组件
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