使用pip install pymongo安装
1.连接MongoDB实例
In [60]: from pymongo import MongoClient In [61]: client=MongoClient('mongodb://10.10.41.25:2911') In [62]: client=MongoClient('10.10.41.25',2911)
两种写法都行
2.获取数据库信息
In [63]: db=client.game In [64]: db=client['game']
两种写法都行
3.获取集合信息
In [85]: collection=db.player In [86]: collection=db['player']
两种写法都行
4.插入一个文档记录
MongoDB以JSON格式存储和显示数据。在pymongo中以字典的方式显示数据。
In [95]: import datetime In [96]: post={"author":"Mike","text":"My first blog post!","tags":["mongodb","python","pymongo"],"date":datetime.datetime.utcnow()}
In [132]: posts=db.posts In [133]: post_id=posts.insert(post) In [134]: post_id Out[134]: ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d')
当插入一个文档时,一个特殊的key,"_id"将自动添加到这个文档中。
In [136]: db.collection_names() Out[136]: [u'system.indexes',u'posts']
5.使用find_one()获取单个文档
In [141]: posts.find_one() Out[141]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'), u'author': u'Mike', u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000), u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'], u'text': u'My first blog post!'} In [142]: posts.find_one({"author":"Mike"}) Out[142]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'), u'author': u'Mike', u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000), u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'], u'text': u'My first blog post!'} In [143]: posts.find_one({"author":"Eliot"}) In [144]:
MongoDB以BSON格式存储字符,而BSON字符串是以UTF-8编码,所以PyMongo必须要确保它存储的数据是有效的UTF-8编码的数据。常规字符串直接存储,但是经过编码的字符串首先以UTF-8编码存储。
6.使用ObjectID查找文档
In [151]: post_id Out[151]: ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d') In [152]: posts.find_one({"_id":post_id}) Out[152]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'), u'author': u'Mike', u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000), u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'], u'text': u'My first blog post!'}
ObjectID和它表示的字符串不一样
In [154]: post_id_as_str=str(post_id) In [155]: posts.find_one({"_id":post_id_as_str})
没有任何结果显示
在一些WEB应用中,需要更加URL获取post_id进而根据post_id查找匹配的文档。在使用find_one()查找之前有必要将post_id从字符串转换成为ObjectID
7.批量插入文档数据
>>> new_posts = [{"author": "Mike",... "text": "Another post!", "tags": ["bulk", "insert"], "date": datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14)}, {"author": "Eliot", "title": "MongoDB is fun", "text": "and pretty easy too!", "date": datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 10, 10, 45)}] >>> posts.insert(new_posts)[ObjectId('...'), ObjectId('...')]
8.查询多个文档数据
In [165]: for post in posts.find(): post .....: .....: Out[166]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'), u'author': u'Mike', u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000), u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'], u'text': u'My first blog post!'} Out[166]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473b'), u'author': u'Mike', u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14), u'text': u'Another post!'} Out[166]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473c'), u'author': u'Eliot', u'title': u'MongoDB is fun'}
In [169]: for post in posts.find({"author" : "Mike"}): .....: post .....: .....: Out[169]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550ad8677a50900165feae9d'), u'author': u'Mike', u'date': datetime.datetime(2015, 3, 19, 14, 7, 14, 572000), u'tags': [u'mongodb', u'python', u'pymongo'], u'text': u'My first blog post!'} Out[169]: {u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473b'), u'author': u'Mike', u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14), u'text': u'Another post!'}
9.总计
In [170]: posts.count() Out[170]: 3 In [171]: posts.find({"author":"Mike"}).count() Out[171]: 2
10.范围查询
In [183]: d=datetime.datetime(2009,11,12,12) In [184]: for post in posts.find({"date":{"$lt":d}}).sort("author"): .....: print post .....: .....: {u'date': datetime.datetime(2009, 11, 12, 11, 14), u'text': u'Another post!', u'_id': ObjectId('550b87d47a50907021e3473b'), u'author': u'Mike'}
11.索引
使用索引可以加快查询速度,缩小查询范围。
In [201]: posts.find({"date" : {"$lt":d}}).sort("author").explain()["cursor"] Out[201]: u'BasicCursor' In [202]: posts.find({"date" : {"$lt":d}}).sort("author").explain()["nscanned"] Out[202]: 3
创建组合索引
In [241]: from pymongo import ASCENDING,DESCENDING In [242]: posts.create_index([("date",DESCENDING),("author",ASCENDING)]) Out[242]: u'date_-1_author_1' In [243]: posts.find({"date" : {"$lt":d}}).sort("author").explain()["nscanned"] Out[243]: 1
12.
参考文档
http://api.mongodb.org/python/current/tutorial.html?_ga=1.58141740.722641156.1410499072
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