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使用RMAN备份对Non-CDB中的表按时间点进行恢复

发布时间：2020-08-14 19:14:35 来源：ITPUB博客 阅读：114 作者：eric0435 栏目：关系型数据库

RMAN使用recover命令来将表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点。为了从RMAN备份中恢复表与表分区，你必须提供以下信息：
.要被恢复的表或表分区
.表或表分区要被恢复到的特定时间点
.被恢复的表或表分区是否要被导入到目标数据库中

RMAN使用这些信息来自动对表或表分区执行恢复操作。作为恢复处理的一部分，RMAN会创建一个辅助数据库用来将表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点。如果被恢复的表或表分区需要被重命名，映射到新表空间或映射到新方案中，那么必须指定新的表名，表空间名或方案名。

当从RMAN备份中自动处理表或表分区的恢复操作时RMAN将会执行以下步骤:
1.基于指定的恢复时间点来判断包含被恢复表或表分区的是那个备份文件。

2.判断在目标主机上是否有足够的空间用来创建辅助实例来执行对表或表分区的恢复操作，如果没有足够空间，那么RMAN将会显示错误信息并且退出恢复操作。

3.在目标主机上创建一个辅助数据库并且在辅助数据库中将指定的表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点。可以在目标主机上指定存储辅助数据库相关恢复数据文件的目录。

4.创建对恢复的表或表分区使用Data Pump进行导出。可以指定用来存储被恢复表或表分区元数据的dump文件的文件名与存储目录。

5.可选操作，将步骤4导出的表或表分区导入到目标数据库中。可以选择不将包含被恢复表或表分区导出dump文件导入到目标数据库中。如果选择不将导出dump文件导入目标数据库作为恢复操作的一部分，那么之后必须使用Data Pump导入工具进行导入操作。

6.可选操作，在目标数据库中重命名被恢复的表或表分区。也可以将被恢复的对象导入与它原始表空间或方案不同的表空间或方案中。

RMAN表恢复操作时辅助数据库文件的存储目录
为了恢复指定的表或表分区，RMAN会创建一个辅助数据库在恢复操作时使用。使用以下一种方法来在目标主机上指定用来存储辅助数据库文件的目录：
.在recover命令中指定auxiliary destination子句。
.使用set newname命令。在run块中使用recover命令并且使用set newname命令来重命名数据文件。

建议通过使用auxiliary destination子句来为辅助数据库的数据文件指定存储目录。当使用set newname命令时，即使是只对恢复操作所请求的一个数据文件没有执行set newname命令，那么就不能对表或表分区执行恢复操作。

RMAN恢复表与表分区操作中所使用的Data Pump导出dump文件
当在辅助数据库中将表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点之后，RMAN会创建包含被恢复对象的Data Pump导出dump文件。可以指定dump文件的文件名与位置或者允许RMAN使用缺省的文件名与位置。在recover命令中使用datapump destination子句来指定创建Data Pump导出dump文件的存储目录。这个目录通常是操作系统目录路径来存储dump文件。如果忽略这个子句，dump文件会被存储在由auxiliary destination参数所指定的目录中。如果不指定辅助目录，那么dump文件会被存储在缺省操作系统特定的目录中。在Linux操作系统中，缺省目录为$ORACLE_HOME/dbs。在Windows操作系统中，缺省目录为%ORACLE_HOME\database。在recover命令中使用dump file子句来指定创建Data Pump导出dump文件的存储目录。如果忽略这个子句，RMAN使用缺省操作系统特定的dump文件名。在Linux与Windows操作系统中，缺省的dump文件名为tspitr_SID-of-clone_n.dmp，SID-of-clone是RMAN在执行恢复操作时所创建的辅助数据库的Oracle SID，其中n是任意随机生成的数字。如果由dump file所指定的文件名在目录中已经存在，那么恢复操作将会失败。

将被恢复的表与表分区导入到目标数据库
缺省情况下，RMAN会将存储在dump文件中的被恢复表或表分区导入到目标数据库中。然而，可以选择在recover命令中使用notableimport子句来避免将被恢复的表或表分区导入到目标数据库中。当notableimport子句被使用时，RMAN会将表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点，然后创建导出dump文件。然而，这个dump文件不会被导入到目标数据库中。当需要时可以通过手动使用Data Pump导入工具将dump文件导入到目标数据库。如果在导入操作时出现了错误，RMAN在表恢复操作结束时不会删除导出dump文件。这可以让你手动导入dump文件。

对被恢复的表与表分区进行重命名
当你恢复表或表分区时，可以在它们被导入到目标数据库后进行重命名。remap table子句可以用来对目标数据库中被恢复的表或表分区进行重命名。为了将被恢复的表或表分区导入与原始对象所存储的不同表空间，可以在recover命令中使用remap tablespace子句。只有被恢复的表或表分区会被重新映射，已有的对象不会发生改变。如果目标数据库中有与被恢复对象同名的对象，RMAN会显示错误信息指示需要使用remap table子句来重命名被恢复的表。当恢复表分区时，每个表分区被恢复成一个单独的表。使用remap table子句来指定每个被恢复的分区在导入时所使用的表名。如果没有显式地指定表名，RMAN会通过组合被恢复的表与分区名来生成表名。生成的表名格式为tablename_partitionname。如果表名在目标数据库中已经存在了，那么RMAN会在表名后加上_1。如果这个表名也存在了，那么就在表名后加上_2依此类推。当使用remap选项时，任何命名约束与索引不会被导入。这可以避免与现有表发生冲突。

将表与分区恢复到新用户方案中
将表或表分区恢复到不同的用户方案中可以避免与原用户方案中已经存在的约束，索引或触发器名字发生命名冲突。从Oracle 12.2开始，可以将表或表分区恢复到与原用户方案不同的用户方案中。当将对象恢复到不同用户方案中时，可以保留它们的原始名字或重新命名。在单个恢复操作中可以重命名表与重新映射用户方案。例如，可以将hr.employees表恢复成new_hr.employees表，hr.new_employees表或new_hr.new_employees表。remap table子句能让你重命名对象并且将它们恢复到不同的用户方案中。在执行表恢复操作时，对recover table命令使用remap table子句来将原用户方案映射成新用户方案。在执行恢复操作之前新用户方案必须先在目标数据库中存在。表恢复在物理备库中不支持。对于逻辑备库，在主库中执行的对象恢复也会被同步到逻辑备库。

使用RMAN备份来恢复表与表分区的限制
当使用recover命令与RMAN备份来恢复表或表分区时存在以下限制:
.sys用户方案中的表与表分区不能被恢复。
.system与sysaux表空间中的表与表分区不能被恢复。
.备库中的表与表分区不能被恢复。
.有not null约束的表在使用remap选项时不能被恢复。

恢复表与表分区所需要的准备工作
使用RMAN备份来恢复表或表分区所需要的准备工作如下:
.验证恢复表或表分区所需要的条件是否满足。
.判断表或表分区需要被恢复到的时间点。
.决定是否要将被恢复的表或表分区导入到目标数据库中。缺省情况下，RMAN会将被恢复的表或表分区导入到目标数据库中。然而可以指定RMAN不志入被恢复的对象。
.决定是否要对被恢复的表或表分区进行重命名，映射到新表空间或映射到新用户方案。

使用RMAN备份恢复表与表分区的先决条件
.目标数据库必须处于读写状态。
.目标数据库必须处于归档模式。
.对于这些对象所恢复的时间点来说被恢复的表或表分区必须有RMAN备份。
.为了恢复单个表分区，目标数据库的compatible参数必须被设置为11.1.0或更高版本。

判断表与表分区所要被恢复到的时间点
判断表或表分区所要被恢复到的时间点是非常重要的。RMAN可以使用以下一种方法来指定恢复时间点:
.SCN，将表或表分区恢复到由SCN所指定的时间点。
.Time(时间)，将表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点。所使用的日期格式是由NLS_LANG与NLS_DATE_FORMAT环境变量所组成的。也可以使用数据常量比如SYSDATE来指定时间，例如SYSDATE-30。
.Sequence number(日志序列号)，将表或表分区恢复到由日志序列号与日志线程号所指定的时间点。

恢复表与表分区
下面将描述对Non-CDB中的表或表分区恢复到指定时间点的操作步骤。
1.执行恢复表与表分区所需要的准备工作
.验证恢复表或表分区所需要的条件是否满足。
.判断表或表分区需要被恢复到的时间点。
.决定是否要将被恢复的表或表分区导入到目标数据库中。缺省情况下，RMAN会将被恢复的表或表分区导入到目标数据库中。然而可以指定RMAN不志入被恢复的对象。
.决定是否要对被恢复的表或表分区进行重命名，映射到新表空间或映射到新用户方案。

2.启动RMAN并使用有sysbacup或sysdba权限的用户连接到目标数据库。

3.通过使用recover table命令将要被恢复的表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点。必须使用auxiliary destination子句与以下子句中的一个用来指定恢复时间点：until time,until scn或until sequence。在recover命令中还

可以使用以下子句:
.dump file与datapump destination，指定包含被恢复表或表分区的导出dump文件的文件名与存储位置。

.notableimport，指示被恢复的表或表分区不用导入到目标数据库。

.remap table，在目标数据库中将被恢复的表或表分区进行重命名。这个子句也可用来将原用户方案中的表或表分区恢复到新用户方案中。

.remap tablespace，将表与表分区恢复到与原始表空间不同的表空间中。

下面的例子使用RMAN备份对表t_emp进行按时间点恢复
1.对整个Non-CDB(orcl)生成RMAN备份 

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset database format '+data/backup/%d_%I_%U_%t' plus archivelog format 'arc_%d_%T_%U';

Starting backup at 10-JAN-18
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=13 RECID=1 STAMP=964995986
input archived log thread=1 sequence=14 RECID=2 STAMP=965007422
input archived log thread=1 sequence=15 RECID=3 STAMP=965007493
input archived log thread=1 sequence=16 RECID=4 STAMP=965007542
input archived log thread=1 sequence=17 RECID=5 STAMP=965011311
input archived log thread=1 sequence=18 RECID=6 STAMP=965011687
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-JAN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-JAN-18
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/arc_ORCL_20180110_21so9q78_1_1 tag=TAG20180110T024807 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:15
Finished backup at 10-JAN-18

Starting backup at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set
input datafile file number=00004 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/users01.dbf
input datafile file number=00001 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/system01.dbf
input datafile file number=00002 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/sysaux01.dbf
input datafile file number=00003 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/undotbs01.dbf
input datafile file number=00005 name=+DATA/orcl/datafile/usertbs01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-JAN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-JAN-18
piece handle=+DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_22so9q7p_1_1_965011705 tag=TAG20180110T024824 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished backup at 10-JAN-18

Starting backup at 10-JAN-18
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set
input archived log thread=1 sequence=19 RECID=7 STAMP=965011751
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-JAN-18
channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-JAN-18
piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/product/12.2.0/db/dbs/arc_ORCL_20180110_23so9q98_1_1 tag=TAG20180110T024912 comment=NONE
channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished backup at 10-JAN-18

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-JAN-18
piece handle=+DATA/backup/c-1492772871-20180110-01 comment=NONE
Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-JAN-18

2.在删除表t_emp中记录之前记录当前scn与时间，在执行恢复时它们被用来指定恢复时间点 

SQL> select count(*) from t_emp;

  COUNT(*)
----------
       107

1 row selected.

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
-------------------
2018-01-10 02:50:10

1 row selected.

SQL> select current_scn   from v$database;

CURRENT_SCN
-----------
     399411

1 row selected.

SQL> delete from t_emp;

107 rows deleted.

SQL> commit;

Commit complete.

SQL> select count(*) from t_emp;

  COUNT(*)
----------
         0

1 row selected.

3.启动RMAN并使用有sysbacup或sysdba权限的用户连接到目标数据库。 

[oracle@jytest3 ~]$ rman target/

Recovery Manager: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 10 02:22:13 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=1492772871)

4.通过使用recover table命令将要被恢复的表或表分区恢复到指定的时间点。 使用auxiliary destination子句（/ora_xtts/recover辅助数据文件存储目录)与until scn来指定恢复时间点,并且在recover命令中使用子句dump file与datapump destination，指定包含被恢复表或表分区的导出dump文件的文件名(t_emp.dmp)与存储位置(/ora_xtts/dump)。使用notableimport子句指示被恢复的表或表分区不用导入到目标数据库。 

RMAN> run
2> {
3> recover table hr.t_emp
4> until scn 399411
5> auxiliary destination '/ora_xtts/recover'
6> datapump destination '/ora_xtts/dump'
7> dump file 't_emp.dmp'
8> notableimport;
9> }

Starting recover at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-05026: warning: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time

List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments
Tablespace SYSTEM
Tablespace UNDOTBS1

Creating automatic instance, with SID='fcsj'

initialization parameters used for automatic instance:
db_name=ORCL
db_unique_name=fcsj_pitr_ORCL
compatible=12.2.0
db_block_size=8192
db_files=200
diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle
_system_trig_enabled=FALSE
sga_target=1024M
processes=120
db_create_file_dest=/ora_xtts/recover
log_archive_dest_1='location=/ora_xtts/recover'
#No auxiliary parameter file used


starting up automatic instance ORCL

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size                     8628936 bytes
Variable Size                293602616 bytes
Database Buffers             763363328 bytes
Redo Buffers                   8146944 bytes
Automatic instance created

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# restore the controlfile
restore clone controlfile;
 
# mount the controlfile
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
 
# archive current online log 
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 10-JAN-18
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=6 device type=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +DATA/backup/c-1492772871-20180110-01
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=+DATA/backup/c-1492772871-20180110-01 tag=TAG20180110T024913
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:05
output file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5b4xmpo_.ctl
Finished restore at 10-JAN-18

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for clone datafile  1 to new;
set newname for clone datafile  3 to new;
set newname for clone datafile  2 to new;
set newname for clone tempfile  1 to new;
# switch all tempfiles
switch clone tempfile all;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile  1, 3, 2;
 
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_tempts1_%u_.tmp in control file

Starting restore at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_22so9q7p_1_1_965011705
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=+DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_22so9q7p_1_1_965011705 tag=TAG20180110T024824
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 10-JAN-18

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=965013098 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_f5b4xwvo_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=965013098 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_f5b4xwx2_.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=965013098 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_f5b4xwwj_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone "alter database datafile  1 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile  3 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile  2 online";
# recover and open database read only
recover clone database tablespace  "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX";
sql clone 'alter database open read only';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile  1 online

sql statement: alter database datafile  3 online

sql statement: alter database datafile  2 online

Starting recover at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 19 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_19_964992135.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 20 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_20_964992135.dbf
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_19_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=19
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_20_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=20
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 10-JAN-18

sql statement: alter database open read only

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "create spfile from memory";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
   sql clone "alter system set  control_files = 
  ''/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5b4xmpo_.ctl'' comment=
 ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
# mount database
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size                     8628936 bytes
Variable Size                293602616 bytes
Database Buffers             763363328 bytes
Redo Buffers                   8146944 bytes

sql statement: alter system set  control_files =   ''/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5b4xmpo_.ctl'' comment= ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size                     8628936 bytes
Variable Size                293602616 bytes
Database Buffers             763363328 bytes
Redo Buffers                   8146944 bytes

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for datafile  4 to new;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile  4;
 
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 10-JAN-18
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=7 device type=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /ora_xtts/recover/FCSJ_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_22so9q7p_1_1_965011705
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=+DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_22so9q7p_1_1_965011705 tag=TAG20180110T024824
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:15
Finished restore at 10-JAN-18

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=965013242 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/FCSJ_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_f5b51h8p_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone "alter database datafile  4 online";
# recover and open resetlogs
recover clone database tablespace  "USERS", "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX" delete archivelog;
alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile  4 online

Starting recover at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 19 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_19_964992135.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 20 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_20_964992135.dbf
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_19_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=19
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_20_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=20
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 10-JAN-18

database opened

contents of Memory Script:
{
# create directory for datapump import
sql "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/ora_xtts/dump''";
# create directory for datapump export
sql clone "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/ora_xtts/dump''";
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/ora_xtts/dump''

sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/ora_xtts/dump''

Performing export of tables...
   EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_fcsj_pkfh":  
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
   EXPDP> . . exported "HR"."T_EMP"                                17.08 KB     107 rows
   EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_fcsj_pkfh" successfully loaded/unloaded
   EXPDP> ******************************************************************************
   EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_fcsj_pkfh is:
   EXPDP>   /ora_xtts/dump/t_emp.dmp
   EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_fcsj_pkfh" successfully completed at Wed Jan 10 03:15:08 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:32
Export completed

Not performing table import after point-in-time recovery

Removing automatic instance
shutting down automatic instance 
Oracle instance shut down
Automatic instance removed
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_tempts1_f5b4zhf9_.tmp deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/FCSJ_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_f5b53yp4_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/FCSJ_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_f5b53yol_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/FCSJ_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_f5b53ynw_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/FCSJ_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_f5b51h8p_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_f5b4xwwj_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_f5b4xwx2_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_f5b4xwvo_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5b4xmpo_.ctl deleted
Finished recover at 10-JAN-18

如果会使用remap table子句将hr.t_emp恢复成jy.t_emp_recvr。使用remap tablespace子句将表t_emp从hr用户方案恢复到jy用户方案中。那么可以执行下面的命令来进行恢复就不需要执行步骤5 

RMAN> run
2> {
3> recover table hr.t_emp
4> until scn 399411
5> auxiliary destination '/ora_xtts/recover'
6> datapump destination '/ora_xtts/dump'
7> dump file 't_emp_recvr.dmp'
8> remap table 'HR'.'T_EMP':'JY'.'T_EMP_NEW'
9> remap tablespace 'USERS':'USERTBS';
10> }

Starting recover at 10-JAN-18
current log archived
using channel ORA_DISK_1
RMAN-05026: warning: presuming following set of tablespaces applies to specified point-in-time

List of tablespaces expected to have UNDO segments
Tablespace SYSTEM
Tablespace UNDOTBS1

Creating automatic instance, with SID='jzdF'

initialization parameters used for automatic instance:
db_name=ORCL
db_unique_name=jzdF_pitr_ORCL
compatible=12.2.0
db_block_size=8192
db_files=200
diagnostic_dest=/u01/app/oracle
_system_trig_enabled=FALSE
sga_target=1024M
processes=120
db_create_file_dest=/ora_xtts/recover
log_archive_dest_1='location=/ora_xtts/recover'
#No auxiliary parameter file used


starting up automatic instance ORCL

Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size                     8628936 bytes
Variable Size                293602616 bytes
Database Buffers             763363328 bytes
Redo Buffers                   8146944 bytes
Automatic instance created

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# restore the controlfile
restore clone controlfile;
 
# mount the controlfile
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
 
# archive current online log 
sql 'alter system archive log current';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

Starting restore at 10-JAN-18
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=6 device type=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring control file
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +DATA/backup/c-1492772871-20180110-02
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=+DATA/backup/c-1492772871-20180110-02 tag=TAG20180110T200959
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:04
output file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5d2402v_.ctl
Finished restore at 10-JAN-18

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

sql statement: alter system archive log current

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for clone datafile  1 to new;
set newname for clone datafile  3 to new;
set newname for clone datafile  2 to new;
set newname for clone tempfile  1 to new;
# switch all tempfiles
switch clone tempfile all;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile  1, 3, 2;
 
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

executing command: SET NEWNAME

renamed tempfile 1 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_tempts1_%u_.tmp in control file

Starting restore at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_26sobn77_1_1_965074151
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=+DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_26sobn77_1_1_965074151 tag=TAG20180110T200911
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:45
Finished restore at 10-JAN-18

datafile 1 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=4 STAMP=965075765 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_f5d248q8_.dbf
datafile 3 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=5 STAMP=965075766 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_f5d248r7_.dbf
datafile 2 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=6 STAMP=965075766 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_f5d248qv_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone "alter database datafile  1 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile  3 online";
sql clone "alter database datafile  2 online";
# recover and open database read only
recover clone database tablespace  "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX";
sql clone 'alter database open read only';
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile  1 online

sql statement: alter database datafile  3 online

sql statement: alter database datafile  2 online

Starting recover at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 24 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_24_964992135.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 25 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_25_964992135.dbf
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_24_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=24
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_25_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=25
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01
Finished recover at 10-JAN-18

sql statement: alter database open read only

contents of Memory Script:
{
   sql clone "create spfile from memory";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
   sql clone "alter system set  control_files = 
  ''/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5d2402v_.ctl'' comment=
 ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile";
   shutdown clone immediate;
   startup clone nomount;
# mount database
sql clone 'alter database mount clone database';
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: create spfile from memory

database closed
database dismounted
Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size                     8628936 bytes
Variable Size                293602616 bytes
Database Buffers             763363328 bytes
Redo Buffers                   8146944 bytes

sql statement: alter system set  control_files =   ''/ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5d2402v_.ctl'' comment= ''RMAN set'' scope=spfile

Oracle instance shut down

connected to auxiliary database (not started)
Oracle instance started

Total System Global Area    1073741824 bytes

Fixed Size                     8628936 bytes
Variable Size                293602616 bytes
Database Buffers             763363328 bytes
Redo Buffers                   8146944 bytes

sql statement: alter database mount clone database

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# set destinations for recovery set and auxiliary set datafiles
set newname for datafile  4 to new;
# restore the tablespaces in the recovery set and the auxiliary set
restore clone datafile  4;
 
switch clone datafile all;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

executing command: SET NEWNAME

Starting restore at 10-JAN-18
allocated channel: ORA_AUX_DISK_1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: SID=7 device type=DISK

channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to /ora_xtts/recover/JZDF_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_%u_.dbf
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: reading from backup piece +DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_26sobn77_1_1_965074151
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: piece handle=+DATA/backup/orcl_1492772871_26sobn77_1_1_965074151 tag=TAG20180110T200911
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:55
Finished restore at 10-JAN-18

datafile 4 switched to datafile copy
input datafile copy RECID=8 STAMP=965075892 file name=/ora_xtts/recover/JZDF_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_f5d27wvd_.dbf

contents of Memory Script:
{
# set requested point in time
set until  scn 399411;
# online the datafiles restored or switched
sql clone "alter database datafile  4 online";
# recover and open resetlogs
recover clone database tablespace  "USERS", "SYSTEM", "UNDOTBS1", "SYSAUX" delete archivelog;
alter clone database open resetlogs;
}
executing Memory Script

executing command: SET until clause

sql statement: alter database datafile  4 online

Starting recover at 10-JAN-18
using channel ORA_AUX_DISK_1

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 24 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_24_964992135.dbf
archived log for thread 1 with sequence 25 is already on disk as file +DATA/arch/orcl/1_25_964992135.dbf
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_24_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=24
archived log file name=+DATA/arch/orcl/1_25_964992135.dbf thread=1 sequence=25
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 10-JAN-18

database opened

contents of Memory Script:
{
# create directory for datapump import
sql "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/ora_xtts/dump''";
# create directory for datapump export
sql clone "create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''
/ora_xtts/dump''";
}
executing Memory Script

sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/ora_xtts/dump''

sql statement: create or replace directory TSPITR_DIROBJ_DPDIR as ''/ora_xtts/dump''

Performing export of tables...
   EXPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_jzdF_fxiC":  
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
   EXPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
   EXPDP> . . exported "HR"."T_EMP"                                17.08 KB     107 rows
   EXPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_jzdF_fxiC" successfully loaded/unloaded
   EXPDP> ******************************************************************************
   EXPDP> Dump file set for SYS.TSPITR_EXP_jzdF_fxiC is:
   EXPDP>   /ora_xtts/dump/t_emp_recvr.dmp
   EXPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_EXP_jzdF_fxiC" successfully completed at Wed Jan 10 20:39:09 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:32
Export completed


contents of Memory Script:
{
# shutdown clone before import
shutdown clone abort
}
executing Memory Script

Oracle instance shut down

Performing import of tables...
   IMPDP> Master table "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_jzdF_BDce" successfully loaded/unloaded
   IMPDP> Starting "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_jzdF_BDce":  
   IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
   IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
   IMPDP> . . imported "JY"."T_EMP_NEW"                            17.08 KB     107 rows
   IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
   IMPDP> Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
   IMPDP> Job "SYS"."TSPITR_IMP_jzdF_BDce" successfully completed at Wed Jan 10 20:39:47 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:31
Import completed


Removing automatic instance
Automatic instance removed
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_tempts1_f5d25tp8_.tmp deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/JZDF_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_3_f5d29sj0_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/JZDF_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_2_f5d29shf_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/JZDF_PITR_ORCL/onlinelog/o1_mf_1_f5d29sgs_.log deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/JZDF_PITR_ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_users_f5d27wvd_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_sysaux_f5d248qv_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_undotbs1_f5d248r7_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/datafile/o1_mf_system_f5d248q8_.dbf deleted
auxiliary instance file /ora_xtts/recover/ORCL/controlfile/o1_mf_f5d2402v_.ctl deleted
auxiliary instance file t_emp_recvr.dmp deleted
Finished recover at 10-JAN-18

5.通过t_emp.dmp文件将表t_emp中的数据导入 

[oracle@jytest3 dump]$ impdp hr/hr@orcl dumpfile=dump_dir:t_emp.dmp

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 10 03:23:34 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "HR"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "HR"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  hr/********@orcl dumpfile=dump_dir:t_emp.dmp 
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
ORA-39151: Table "HR"."T_EMP" exists. All dependent metadata and data will be skipped due to table_exists_action of skip

Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "HR"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 1 error(s) at Wed Jan 10 03:23:51 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:10

报错是因为表t_emp已经存在，impdp的缺省操作就是跳过对这张表进行导入操作，所以需要使用选项table_exists_action=truncate来进行导入。 

[oracle@jytest3 dump]$ impdp hr/hr@orcl dumpfile=dump_dir:t_emp.dmp table_exists_action=truncate

Import: Release 12.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Jan 10 03:29:10 2018

Copyright (c) 1982, 2017, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production
Master table "HR"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded
Starting "HR"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  hr/********@orcl dumpfile=dump_dir:t_emp.dmp table_exists_action=truncate 
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE
Table "HR"."T_EMP" exists and has been truncated. Data will be loaded but all dependent metadata will be skipped due to table_exists_action of truncate
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA
. . imported "HR"."T_EMP"                                17.08 KB     107 rows
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS
Processing object type TABLE_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/MARKER
Job "HR"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully completed at Wed Jan 10 03:29:30 2018 elapsed 0 00:00:18

6.验证表t_emp中的记录，可以看到已经成功恢复到被删了记录之前的状态。 

SQL> select count(*) from t_emp;

  COUNT(*)
----------
       107
向AI问一下细节
推荐阅读：
  1. ORACLE 12C使用RMAN进行表恢复
  2. rman迁移时间点恢复

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