【备份恢复】物理热备及恢复

物理热备:即数据库处于开启时备份，但前提必须要开启归档，因为只有开归档，数据库恢复时才能应用日志将数据库恢复到最新；物理热备可以备份单个数据文件、表空间及整个数据库；物理热备，分普通表空间（非关键数据文件）备份恢复和系统表空间（关键数据文件）备份恢复。

系统表空间：指的是system、sysaux、undo表空间；

一：普通表空间的热备及模拟故障恢复（方法一之关库恢复shutdown）

1.  （前提）物理热备必须开启归档，查看：

SYS@ORA11GR2>archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     13

Next log sequence to archive   15

Current log sequence           15

SYS@ORA11GR2>

——确认快速恢复区已设置好：

SYS@ORA11GR2>show parameter recover

NAME                                 TYPE        VALUE

------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------

db_recovery_file_dest                string      /u01/app/FRA/

db_recovery_file_dest_size           big integer   3G

db_unrecoverable_scn_tracking        boolean     TRUE

recovery_parallelism                 integer     0

SYS@ORA11GR2>

2.  查看备份文件绝对路径（重要）

SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$controlfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control01.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control02.ctl

/u01/app/FRA/control03.ctl

SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

----------------------------------------------------------------------------
/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01_a.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02_a.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03_a.log

/u01/app/FRA/redo01_b.log

/u01/app/FRA/redo02_b.log

/u01/app/FRA/redo03_b.log

9 rows selected.

3.  模拟备份表空间TS_ORA11GR2

——先查看数据库的表空间及对应文件

SYS@ORA11GR2>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE FILE_NAME

---------- ------------------------------------------------------------

USERS       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

UNDOTBS1    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

SYSAUX      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

SYSTEM      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

EXAMPLE     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

UNDOTBS2    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

——开始表空间TS_ORA11GR2备份：（没有关库，即热备）

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace TS_ORA11GR2 begin backup;

Tablespace altered.

4.  回到操作系统层copy 表空间TS_ORA11GR2

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ cp ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf  /home/oracle

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ~]$ ls

ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

[oracle@wang ~]$

5.  结束表空间TS_ORA11GR2备份

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace TS_ORA11GR2 end backup;

Tablespace altered.

验证是否处于备份：

SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;

     FILE# STATUS                CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------

         1 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         2 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         3 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         4 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         5 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         6 NOT ACTIVE            1543727 27-SEP-16

         7 NOT ACTIVE                  0

（说明备份已完成，结束）

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select FILE_ID,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID TABLESPACE FILE_NAME

---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------

         1 SYSTEM     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

         2 SYSAUX     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

         3 UNDOTBS1   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

         4 USERS      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

         5 EXAMPLE    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

         6 TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

         7 UNDOTBS2   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

6.  操作删除TS_ORA11GR2表空间下的数据文件：

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ rm ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2

7.  一致性关闭数据库：

SYS@ORA11GR2>shutdow immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@ORA11GR2>

8.开启数据库（显示找不到ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf）

SYS@ORA11GR2>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  730714112 bytes

Fixed Size                  2256832 bytes

Variable Size             457179200 bytes

Database Buffers          268435456 bytes

Redo Buffers                2842624 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 6 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 6: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf'

9.进行恢复操作：

——将备份的ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf文件cp到/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/下：

[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd

/home/oracle

[oracle@wang ~]$

[oracle@wang ~]$ ls

ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

[oracle@wang ~]$

[oracle@wang ~]$ cp ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/

[oracle@wang ~]$

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

——恢复表空间：
SYS@ORA11GR2>  select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

SYS@ORA11GR2>recover tablespace TS_ORA11GR2

Media recovery complete.

（recover的动作，就是应用日志实现实例恢复到最近时间点）

——将数据库启动OPEN状态：

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter database open;

Database altered.

完成！！！！！！！！！！！！

同类操作后台日志记录内容如下：

 alert.txt

二：普通表空间的热备及模拟故障恢复（方法二之在线恢复offline-recover-online）

1.查看热备是否处于归档模式：

SYS@ORA11GR2>archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     22

Next log sequence to archive   24

Current log sequence           24

SYS@ORA11GR2>

2.查看备份文件的绝对路径：

SYS@ORA11GR2>select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

-----------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01_a.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02_a.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03_a.log

6 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$controlfile;

NAME

-----------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control01.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control02.ctl

SYS@ORA11GR2>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME

-------------------------------------------------------

USERS           /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

UNDOTBS1        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

SYSAUX          /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

SYSTEM          /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

EXAMPLE         /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

TS_ORA11GR2    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

UNDOTBS2        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select file_id, tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME

---------- ---------------

         1SYSTEM       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

         2SYSAUX       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

         3UNDOTBS1    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

         4USERS        /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

         5EXAMPLE     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

 6TS_ORA11GR2  /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

         7UNDOTBS2  u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2

3.备份数据文件users01.dbf：

——使数据库处于热备状态：（没有关库）

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace users begin backup;

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ORA11GR2>

——回到操作系统层copy对应文件到备份目录下：

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls users01.dbf

users01.dbf

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ cp users01.dbf /home/oracle/

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ~]$ ls

users01.dbf

[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd

/home/oracle

[oracle@wang ~]$

查看备份状态：

SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;

     FILE# STATUS                CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------------------ ---------- -------------------

         1 NOT ACTIVE            1548675 2016-09-27 16:53:00

         2 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         3 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         4 ACTIVE                1585418 2016-09-27 21:57:23

         5 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         6 NOT ACTIVE            1543727 2016-09-27 16:11:12

         7 NOT ACTIVE                  0

（表明备份的动作还没有结束）

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select file_id,tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME

---------- ---------------

         1SYSTEM       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

         2SYSAUX       /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

         3UNDOTBS1    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

         4USERS          /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

         5EXAMPLE     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

         6TS_ORA11GR2 /01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

         7UNDOTBS2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

结束备份：

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace users end backup;

Tablespace altered.

查看备份状态：

SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;

     FILE# STATUS                CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------------------ ---------- -------------------

         1 NOT ACTIVE            1548675 2016-09-27 16:53:00

         2 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         3 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         4 NOT ACTIVE            1585418 2016-09-27 21:57:23

         5 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         6 NOT ACTIVE            1543727 2016-09-27 16:11:12

         7 NOT ACTIVE                  0

7 rows selected.

4.操作删除原目录下的user01.dbf文件：

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ rm users01.dbf

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls user01.dbf

ls: user01.dbf: No such file or directory

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

5.恢复数据文件：

——将数据文件offline：

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter databasedatafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf' offline;

Database altered.

——将备份目录下的备份文件copy回原目录：

[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd

/home/oracle

[oracle@wang ~]$ cp users01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls users01.dbf

users01.dbf

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

——使用recover命令进行介质恢复

SYS@ORA11GR2>recover datafile4;

Media recovery complete.

SYS@ORA11GR2>

——将表空间修改为online状态（或者可以将数据文件置于online状态）

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace users online;

Tablespace altered.

恢复成功！！！！！！！！！

 alert.txt

三：系统表空间的热备及模拟故障恢复

恢复数据库只能选择关闭恢复，因为系统表空间只能online；

1.（前提）物理热备必须开启归档，查看：

SYS@ORA11GR2>archive log list;

Database log mode              Archive Mode

Automatic archival             Enabled

Archive destination            USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST

Oldest online log sequence     13

Next log sequence to archive   15

Current log sequence           15

SYS@ORA11GR2>

2.查看备份文件绝对路径（重要）

SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$controlfile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control01.ctl

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/control02.ctl

/u01/app/FRA/control03.ctl

SYS@ORA11GR2>select name from v$datafile;

NAME

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select member from v$logfile;

MEMBER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo01_a.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo02_a.log

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/redo03_a.log

/u01/app/FRA/redo01_b.log

/u01/app/FRA/redo02_b.log

/u01/app/FRA/redo03_b.log

9 rows selected.

3.查看数据库的表空间及对应文件

SYS@ORA11GR2>select tablespace_name,file_name from dba_data_files;

TABLESPACE FILE_NAME

---------- -------------------------------------------------------

USERS      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

UNDOTBS1   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

SYSAUX     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

SYSTEM     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

EXAMPLE    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

UNDOTBS2   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

4.备份系统表空间：

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace SYSTEM begin backup;

Tablespace altered.

SYS@ORA11GR2>

——查看备份状态：

SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;

     FILE# STATUS                CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------

         1 ACTIVE                1548675 27-SEP-16

         2 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         3 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         4 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         5 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         6 NOT ACTIVE            1543727 27-SEP-16

         7 NOT ACTIVE                  0

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select FILE_ID,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID TABLESPACE FILE_NAME

---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------

         1 SYSTEM     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

         2 SYSAUX     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

         3 UNDOTBS1   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

         4 USERS      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

         5 EXAMPLE    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

         6 TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

         7 UNDOTBS2   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

5.回到操作系统层copy 表空间system：

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ cp system01.dbf /home/oracle/

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$cd

[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd

/home/oracle

[oracle@wang ~]$ ls system01.dbf

system01.dbf

[oracle@wang ~]$

6.结束备份：

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace system end backup;

Tablespace altered.

——查看备份状态：

SYS@ORA11GR2>select * from v$backup;

     FILE# STATUS                CHANGE# TIME

---------- ------------------ ---------- ---------

         1 NOT ACTIVE            1548675 27-SEP-16

         2 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         3 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         4 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         5 NOT ACTIVE                  0

         6 NOT ACTIVE            1543727 27-SEP-16

         7 NOT ACTIVE                  0

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select FILE_ID,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files order by 1;

   FILE_ID TABLESPACE FILE_NAME

---------- ---------- -------------------------------------------------------

         1 SYSTEM     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf

         2 SYSAUX     /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/sysaux01.dbf

         3 UNDOTBS1   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs01.dbf

         4 USERS      /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/users01.dbf

         5 EXAMPLE    /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/example01.dbf

         6 TS_ORA11GR2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

         7 UNDOTBS2   /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/undotbs2_01.dbf

7 rows selected.

SYS@ORA11GR2>

8.  操作删除system表空间下的数据文件

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls system01.dbf

system01.dbf

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ rm system01.dbf

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls system01.dbf

ls: system01.dbf: No such file or directory

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

——关库：（模拟故障）

SYS@ORA11GR2>shutdown immediate;

ORA-01109: database not open

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

9.  启动数据库：（显示故障）

SYS@ORA11GR2>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  730714112 bytes

Fixed Size                  2256832 bytes

Variable Size             457179200 bytes

Database Buffers          268435456 bytes

Redo Buffers                2842624 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 1 - see DBWR trace file

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf'

9.将表空间置于offline进行恢复
SQL> select status from v$instance;

STATUS
------------
MOUNTED

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter tablespace system offline;

alter tablespace system offline

*

ERROR at line 1:

ORA-01541: system tablespace cannot be brought offline; shut down if necessary

（system等系统表空间不能置于offline下进行恢复，必须关库后恢复）

SYS@ORA11GR2>shutdown immediate;

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@ORA11GR2>

——将备份的system01.dbf复制到/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/下

[oracle@wang ~]$ pwd

/home/oracle

[oracle@wang ~]$ ls

system01.dbf  ts_ora11gr2_01.dbf

[oracle@wang ~]$

[oracle@wang ~]$ cp system01.dbf /u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/

验证：

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ pwd

/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$ ls system01.dbf

system01.dbf

[oracle@wang ORA11GR2]$

——再次启动数据库

SYS@ORA11GR2>startup

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area  730714112 bytes

Fixed Size                  2256832 bytes

Variable Size             457179200 bytes

Database Buffers          268435456 bytes

Redo Buffers                2842624 bytes

Database mounted.

ORA-01113: file 1 needs media recovery

ORA-01110: data file 1: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/ORA11GR2/system01.dbf'

——恢复表空间system;（热备开启了归档，所以可以recover）

SYS@ORA11GR2>recover tablespace system

Media recovery complete.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

MOUNTED

SYS@ORA11GR2>alter database open;

Database altered.

SYS@ORA11GR2>select status from v$instance;

STATUS

------------

OPEN

完成！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！！

alert.txt