Oracle中相对文件号(RFN)和绝对文件号(AFN)的示例分析,相信很多没有经验的人对此束手无策,为此本文总结了问题出现的原因和解决方法,通过这篇文章希望你能解决这个问题。
大家都知道从Oracle8开始,Oracle开始使用“相对文件号”,使原来一个数据库最多只能有1023个文件,扩展为一个表空间最多可以有1023个文件,每个库最多可以有65534个文件。
绝对文件号相对于整个数据库是唯一的,每个库最多可以有65534个文件。
相对文件号则相对于表空间是唯一的,就是说每个表空间都有自己的相对文件号,每个表空间的最大文件数为1023,相对文件号对于整个数据库来说是不唯一的;
查询:
SQL> select TS#,FILE#,name from v$datafile order by 1,2;
TS# FILE# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
0 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/system01.dbf
1 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/sysaux01.dbf
2 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/undotbs01.dbf
4 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/users01.dbf
4 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/users02.dbf
4 9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/users03.dbf
6 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/example01.dbf
7 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/test.dbf
7 8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/test02.DBF
9 rows selected.
查询v$datafile此视图缺少tmp临时表空间信息,同时包含出tmp临时表空间之外的所有表空间下的所有数据文件
SQL> select TS#,FILE#,NAME,BYTES/1024/1024 size_m from v$tempfile;
TS# FILE# NAME SIZE_M
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ----------
3 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/temp01.dbf 179
file#绝对文件号
SQL> select TS#,NAME,BIGFILE from v$tablespace order by 1;
TS# NAME BIG
---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---
0 SYSTEM NO
1 SYSAUX NO
2 UNDOTBS1 NO
3 TEMP NO
4 USERS NO
6 EXAMPLE NO
7 TEST NO
7 rows selected.
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_ID,FILE_NAME,BYTES/1024/1024 size_m,STATUS from dba_data_files order by 2;
TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_ID FILE_NAME SIZE_M STATUS
------------------------------ ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------ ---------- ---------
SYSTEM 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/system01.dbf 2800 AVAILABLE
SYSAUX 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/sysaux01.dbf 720 AVAILABLE
UNDOTBS1 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/undotbs01.dbf 2585 AVAILABLE
USERS 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/users01.dbf 3058.75 AVAILABLE
EXAMPLE 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/example01.dbf 338.75 AVAILABLE
TEST 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/test.dbf 10 AVAILABLE
USERS 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/users02.dbf 10 AVAILABLE
TEST 8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/test02.DBF 10 AVAILABLE
USERS 9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/users03.dbf 10 AVAILABLE
9 rows selected.
查询得包含表空间下的所有数据文件
SQL> select TABLESPACE_NAME,STATUS,CONTENTS,FORCE_LOGGING,EXTENT_MANAGEMENT,SEGMENT_SPACE_MANAGEMENT,ALLOCATION_TYPE,RETENTION,BIGFILE from dba_tablespaces;
TABLESPACE_NAME STATUS CONTENTS FOR EXTENT_MAN SEGMEN ALLOCATIO RETENTION BIG
------------------------------ --------- --------- --- ---------- ------ --------- ----------- ---
SYSTEM ONLINE PERMANENT NO LOCAL MANUAL SYSTEM NOT APPLY NO
SYSAUX ONLINE PERMANENT NO LOCAL AUTO SYSTEM NOT APPLY NO
UNDOTBS1 ONLINE UNDO NO LOCAL MANUAL SYSTEM NOGUARANTEE NO
TEMP ONLINE TEMPORARY NO LOCAL MANUAL UNIFORM NOT APPLY NO
USERS ONLINE PERMANENT NO LOCAL AUTO SYSTEM NOT APPLY NO
EXAMPLE ONLINE PERMANENT NO LOCAL AUTO SYSTEM NOT APPLY NO
TEST ONLINE PERMANENT NO LOCAL AUTO SYSTEM NOT APPLY NO
7 rows selected.
实验开始:
SQL> create tablespace test_mf datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m1.dbf' size 100k reuse;
Tablespace created.
SQL> alter tablespace test_mf add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m2.dbf' size 88k;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> show parameter db_files
NAME TYPE VALUE
------------------------------------ ----------- ------------------------------
db_files integer 2000
SQL>
SQL> begin
for i in 3..1025 loop
execute immediate'alter tablespace test_mf add datafile ''/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_' || i ||''' size 88k';
end loop;
end;
/
begin
*
ERROR at line 1:
ORA-01686: max # files (1023) reached for the tablespace TEST_MF
ORA-06512: at line 3
SQL> select count(*) from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='TEST_MF';
COUNT(*)
----------
1023
可以看到表空间TEST_MF的文件数为1023个,最多也只能为1023个。
SQL> select count(*) from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='TEST_MF';
COUNT(*)
----------
1023
SQL> select ts# from v$tablespace where name='TEST_MF';
TS#
----------
9
--查询表空间test_mf的相对文件号、绝对文件号:
select file_id,relative_fno,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='TEST_MF';
或者
select file#,rfile#,name from v$datafile where ts#=9;
SQL> select file#,rfile#,name from v$datafile where ts#=9;
FILE# RFILE# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
10 10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m1.dbf
11 11 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m2.dbf
12 12 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_3
13 13 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_4
14 14 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_5
15 15 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_6
16 16 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_7
17 17 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_8
18 18 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_9
省略....................................................................
FILE# RFILE# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1011 1011 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1002
1012 1012 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1003
1013 1013 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1004
1014 1014 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1005
1015 1015 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1006
1016 1016 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1007
1017 1017 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1008
1018 1018 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1009
1019 1019 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1010
1020 1020 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1011
1021 1021 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1012
FILE# RFILE# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1022 1022 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1013
1023 1023 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1014
1024 1 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1015
1025 2 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1016
1026 3 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1017
1027 4 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1018
1028 5 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1019
1029 6 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1020
1030 7 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1021
1031 8 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1022
1032 9 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/m_1023
1023 rows selected.
SQL>
从上面的数据可以看出,当绝对文件号小于等于1023,相对文件号与绝对文件号一样。相对文件号大于1023之后,又从1开始循环。
SQL> create tablespace test_lf datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/TEST_LF.dbf' size 1m;
Tablespace created.
SQL> select ts# from v$tablespace where name='TEST_LF';
TS#
----------
10
SQL> select file#,rfile#,name from v$datafile where ts#=10;
FILE# RFILE# NAME
---------- ---------- ------------------------------------------------------------
1033 10 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/TEST_LF.dbf
从上面的数据可以看出,一个表空间的数据文件,其相对文件号并不是从1开始的,而依然是从上一个用过的最后一个相对文件号继续,及file#号从上面的1032增加到1033,而RFILE#从9增加到10。
--接着增加新表空间ORA
SQL> create tablespace ORA datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/ora.dbf' size 1m;
Tablespace created.
SQL>
SQL> alter tablespace ORA add datafile '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/ora02.dbf' size 1m;
Tablespace altered.
SQL> select file_id,relative_fno,TABLESPACE_NAME,FILE_NAME from dba_data_files where tablespace_name='ORA';
FILE_ID RELATIVE_FNO TABLESPACE_NAME FILE_NAME
---------- ------------ ------------------------------ ------------------------------------------------------------
1034 11 ORA /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/ora.dbf
1035 12 ORA /u01/app/oracle/oradata/DBdb/ora02.dbf
从上查询得,FILE_ID绝对文件号以创建表空间或给表空间添加数据文件的形式递进增加,而RELATIVE_FNO(rfile#)相对文件号相对于表空间而言,一个表空间的数据文件熟练小于等于1023个。
--接着查询
SQL> select OBJ#,OWNER# from obj$ where name='EMP';
OBJ# OWNER#
---------- ----------
87108 83
SQL> select object_id from dba_objects where OWNER='SCOTT' and object_name='EMP' and object_type='TABLE';
OBJECT_ID
----------
87108
SQL> select obj#,dataobj#,ts#,file# from tab$ where obj#=87108;
OBJ# DATAOBJ# TS# FILE#
---------- ---------- ---------- ----------
87108 87108 4 4
SQL> select SEGMENT_NAME,HEADER_FILE,HEADER_BLOCK,RELATIVE_FNO,TABLESPACE_NAME from dba_segments where SEGMENT_NAME='EMP' and SEGMENT_TYPE='TABLE';
SEGMENT_NAME HEADER_FILE HEADER_BLOCK RELATIVE_FNO TABLESPACE_NAME
--------------- ----------- ------------ ------------ ------------------------------
EMP 4 146 4 USERS
在DBA_SEGMENTS视图里面,可以查到段头的相对文件号和绝对文件号。(这个视图最终是从file$、seg$等字典表里面取得数据)
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