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Spring源码剖析1:初探Spring IOC核心流程

发布时间:2020-08-04 13:50:32 来源:ITPUB博客 阅读:171 作者:a724888 栏目:编程语言

本文大致地介绍了IOC容器的初始化过程,只列出了比较重要的过程和代码,可以从中看出IOC容器执行的大致流程。

接下来的文章会更加深入剖析Bean容器如何解析xml,注册和初始化bean,以及如何获取bean实例等详细的过程。

转自:http://www.importnew.com/19243.html

1\. 初始化

大致单步跟了下Spring IOC的初始化过程,整个脉络很庞大,初始化的过程主要就是读取XML资源,并解析,最终注册到Bean Factory中:

[![](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45424.png "flow")](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45424.png "flow")

在完成初始化的过程后,Bean们就在BeanFactory中蓄势以待地等调用了。下面通过一个具体的例子,来详细地学习一下初始化过程,例如当加载下面一个bean:

```

<bean id="XiaoWang" class="com.springstudy.talentshow.SuperInstrumentalist">

    <property name="instruments">

        <list>

            <ref bean="piano"/>

            <ref bean="saxophone"/>

        </list>

    </property>

</bean>

```

加载时需要读取、解析、注册bean,这个过程具体的调用栈如下所示:

[![](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45426.png "load")](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45426.png "load")

下面对每一步的关键的代码进行详细分析:

#### 准备

保存配置位置,并刷新

在调用ClassPathXmlApplicationContext后,先会将配置位置信息保存到configLocations,供后面解析使用,之后,会调用`AbstractApplicationContext`的refresh方法进行刷新:

    

```

public ClassPathXmlApplicationContext(String[] configLocations, boolean refresh,

        ApplicationContext parent) throws BeansException {

    super(parent);

    // 保存位置信息,比如`com/springstudy/talentshow/talent-show.xml`

    setConfigLocations(configLocations);

    if (refresh) {

        // 刷新

        refresh();

    }

}

public void refresh() throws BeansException, IllegalStateException {

    synchronized (this.startupShutdownMonitor) {

        // Prepare this context for refreshing.

        prepareRefresh();

        // Tell the subclass to refresh the internal bean factory.

        ConfigurableListableBeanFactory beanFactory = obtainFreshBeanFactory();

        // Prepare the bean factory for use in this context.

        prepareBeanFactory(beanFactory);

        try {

            // Allows post-processing of the bean factory in context subclasses.

            postProcessBeanFactory(beanFactory);

            // Invoke factory processors registered as beans in the context.

            invokeBeanFactoryPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Register bean processors that intercept bean creation.

            registerBeanPostProcessors(beanFactory);

            // Initialize message source for this context.

            initMessageSource();

            // Initialize event multicaster for this context.

            initApplicationEventMulticaster();

            // Initialize other special beans in specific context subclasses.

            onRefresh();

            // Check for listener beans and register them.

            registerListeners();

            // Instantiate all remaining (non-lazy-init) singletons.

            finishBeanFactoryInitialization(beanFactory);

            // Last step: publish corresponding event.

            finishRefresh();

        }

        catch (BeansException ex) {

            // Destroy already created singletons to avoid dangling resources.

            destroyBeans();

            // Reset 'active' flag.

            cancelRefresh(ex);

            // Propagate exception to caller.

            throw ex;

        }

    }

}

```

创建载入BeanFactory

```

protected final void refreshBeanFactory() throws BeansException {

    // ... ...

    DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory = createBeanFactory();

    // ... ...

    loadBeanDefinitions(beanFactory);

    // ... ...

}

```

创建XMLBeanDefinitionReader

```

protected void loadBeanDefinitions(DefaultListableBeanFactory beanFactory)

     throws BeansException, IOException {

    // Create a new XmlBeanDefinitionReader for the given BeanFactory.

    XmlBeanDefinitionReader beanDefinitionReader = new XmlBeanDefinitionReader(beanFactory);

    // ... ...

    // Allow a subclass to provide custom initialization of the reader,

    // then proceed with actually loading the bean definitions.

    initBeanDefinitionReader(beanDefinitionReader);

    loadBeanDefinitions(beanDefinitionReader);

```

#### 读取

创建处理每一个resource

```

public int loadBeanDefinitions(String location, Set<Resource> actualResources)

     throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    // ... ...

    // 通过Location来读取Resource

    Resource[] resources = ((ResourcePatternResolver) resourceLoader).getResources(location);

    int loadCount = loadBeanDefinitions(resources);

    // ... ...

}

public int loadBeanDefinitions(Resource... resources) throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    Assert.notNull(resources, "Resource array must not be null");

    int counter = 0;

    for (Resource resource : resources) {

        // 载入每一个resource

        counter += loadBeanDefinitions(resource);

    }

    return counter;

}

```

处理XML每个元素

```

protected void parseBeanDefinitions(Element root, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {

    // ... ...

    NodeList nl = root.getChildNodes();

    for (int i = 0; i < nl.getLength(); i++) {

        Node node = nl.item(i);

        if (node instanceof Element) {

            Element ele = (Element) node;

            if (delegate.isDefaultNamespace(ele)) {

                // 处理每个xml中的元素,可能是import、alias、bean

                parseDefaultElement(ele, delegate);

            }

            else {

                delegate.parseCustomElement(ele);

            }

        }

    }

    // ... ...

}

```

解析和注册bean

```

protected void processBeanDefinition(Element ele, BeanDefinitionParserDelegate delegate) {

    // 解析

    BeanDefinitionHolder bdHolder = delegate.parseBeanDefinitionElement(ele);

    if (bdHolder != null) {

        bdHolder = delegate.decorateBeanDefinitionIfRequired(ele, bdHolder);

        try {

            // 注册

            // Register the final decorated instance.

            BeanDefinitionReaderUtils.registerBeanDefinition(

                bdHolder, getReaderContext().getRegistry());

        }

        catch (BeanDefinitionStoreException ex) {

            getReaderContext().error("Failed to register bean definition with name '" +

                    bdHolder.getBeanName() + "'", ele, ex);

        }

        // Send registration event.

        getReaderContext().fireComponentRegistered(new BeanComponentDefinition(bdHolder));

    }

}

```

本步骤中,通过parseBeanDefinitionElement将XML的元素解析为BeanDefinition,然后存在BeanDefinitionHolder中,然后再利用BeanDefinitionHolder将BeanDefinition注册,实质就是把BeanDefinition的实例put进BeanFactory中,和后面将详细的介绍解析和注册过程。

#### 解析

[![](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45431.png "process")](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45431.png "process")

处理每个Bean的元素

```

public AbstractBeanDefinition parseBeanDefinitionElement(

        Element ele, String beanName, BeanDefinition containingBean) {

    // ... ...

    // 创建beandefinition

    AbstractBeanDefinition bd = createBeanDefinition(className, parent);

    parseBeanDefinitionAttributes(ele, beanName, containingBean, bd);

    bd.setDescription(DomUtils.getChildElementValueByTagName(ele, DESCRIPTION_ELEMENT));

    parseMetaElements(ele, bd);

    parseLookupOverrideSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());

    parseReplacedMethodSubElements(ele, bd.getMethodOverrides());

    // 处理“Constructor”

    parseConstructorArgElements(ele, bd);

    // 处理“Preperty”

    parsePropertyElements(ele, bd);

    parseQualifierElements(ele, bd);

    // ... ...

}

```

处理属性的值

```

public Object parsePropertyValue(Element ele, BeanDefinition bd, String propertyName) {

    String elementName = (propertyName != null) ?

                    "<property> element for property '" + propertyName + "'" :

                    "<constructor-arg> element";

    // ... ...

    if (hasRefAttribute) {

    // 处理引用

        String refName = ele.getAttribute(REF_ATTRIBUTE);

        if (!StringUtils.hasText(refName)) {

            error(elementName + " contains empty 'ref' attribute", ele);

        }

        RuntimeBeanReference ref = new RuntimeBeanReference(refName);

        ref.setSource(extractSource(ele));

        return ref;

    }

    else if (hasValueAttribute) {

    // 处理值

        TypedStringValue valueHolder = new TypedStringValue(ele.getAttribute(VALUE_ATTRIBUTE));

        valueHolder.setSource(extractSource(ele));

        return valueHolder;

    }

    else if (subElement != null) {

    // 处理子类型(比如list、map等)

        return parsePropertySubElement(subElement, bd);

    }

    // ... ...

}

```

1.4 注册

```

public static void registerBeanDefinition(

        BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)

        throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    // Register bean definition under primary name.

    String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();

    registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());

    // Register aliases for bean name, if any.

    String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();

    if (aliases != null) {

        for (String alias : aliases) {

            registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);

        }

    }

}

public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)

        throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    // ......

    // 将beanDefinition注册

    this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);

    // ......

}

```

注册过程中,最核心的一句就是:this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition),也就是说注册的实质就是以beanName为key,以beanDefinition为value,将其put到HashMap中。

#### 注册

```

    public static void registerBeanDefinition(

        BeanDefinitionHolder definitionHolder, BeanDefinitionRegistry registry)

        throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    // Register bean definition under primary name.

    String beanName = definitionHolder.getBeanName();

    registry.registerBeanDefinition(beanName, definitionHolder.getBeanDefinition());

    // Register aliases for bean name, if any.

    String[] aliases = definitionHolder.getAliases();

    if (aliases != null) {

        for (String alias : aliases) {

            registry.registerAlias(beanName, alias);

        }

    }

}

public void registerBeanDefinition(String beanName, BeanDefinition beanDefinition)

        throws BeanDefinitionStoreException {

    // ......

    // 将beanDefinition注册

    this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition);

    // ......

```

理解了以上两个过程,我们就可以自己实现一个简单的Spring框架了。于是,我根据自己的理解实现了一个简单的IOC框架Simple Spring,有兴趣可以看看。

    

注册过程中,最核心的一句就是:`this.beanDefinitionMap.put(beanName, beanDefinition)`,也就是说注册的实质就是以beanName为key,以beanDefinition为value,将其put到HashMap中。

### 注入依赖

当完成初始化IOC容器后,如果bean没有设置lazy-init(延迟加载)属性,那么bean的实例就会在初始化IOC完成之后,及时地进行初始化。初始化时会先建立实例,然后根据配置利用反射对实例进行进一步操作,具体流程如下所示:

[![](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45435.png "bean_flow")](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45435.png "bean_flow")

创建bean的实例

创建bean的实例过程函数调用栈如下所示:

[![](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45437.png "create_bean")](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45437.png "create_bean")

注入bean的属性

注入bean的属性过程函数调用栈如下所示:

[![](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45442.png "inject_property")](https://cache.yisu.com/upload/information/20200703/145/45442.png "inject_property")

在创建bean和注入bean的属性时,都是在doCreateBean函数中进行的,我们重点看下:

```

protected Object doCreateBean(final String beanName, final RootBeanDefinition mbd,

            final Object[] args) {

        // Instantiate the bean.

        BeanWrapper instanceWrapper = null;

        if (mbd.isSingleton()) {

            instanceWrapper = this.factoryBeanInstanceCache.remove(beanName);

        }

        if (instanceWrapper == null) {

            // 创建bean的实例

            instanceWrapper = createBeanInstance(beanName, mbd, args);

        }

     

        // ... ...

     

        // Initialize the bean instance.

        Object exposedObject = bean;

        try {

            // 初始化bean的实例,如注入属性

            populateBean(beanName, mbd, instanceWrapper);

            if (exposedObject != null) {

                exposedObject = initializeBean(beanName, exposedObject, mbd);

            }

        }

     

        // ... ...

    }

```

理解了以上两个过程,我们就可以自己实现一个简单的Spring框架了。于是,我根据自己的理解实现了一个简单的IOC框架[Simple Spring](https://github.com/Yikun/simple-spring),有兴趣可以看看。

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