这篇文章给大家分享的是有关docker中pod控制器怎么用的内容。小编觉得挺实用的，因此分享给大家做个参考，一起跟随小编过来看看吧。
之前创建的pod，是通过资源配置清单定义的，如果手工把这样的pod删除后，不会自己重新创建，这样创建的pod叫自主式Pod。
在生产中，我们很少使用自主式pod。
下面我们学习另外一种pod，叫控制器管理的Pod，控制器会按照定义的策略严格控制pod的数量，一旦发现pod数量少了，会立即自动建立出来新的pod；一旦发现pod多了，也会自动杀死多余的Pod。
pod控制器：ReplicaSet控制器、Deployment控制器（必须掌握）、DaenibSet控制器、Job控制器
ReplicaSet控制器：替用户创建指定数量Pod的副本，并保证pod副本满足用户期望的数量；而且更新自动扩缩容机制。replicat主要由三个组件组成：1、用户期望的pod副本数量；2、标签选择器（控制管理pod副本）；3、pod资源模板（如果pod数量少于期望的，就根据pod模板来新建一定数量的pod）。
Deployment控制器：Deployment通过控制replicaset来控制Pod。Deployment支持滚动更新和回滚，声明式配置的功能。Deployment只关注群体，而不关注个体。
DaemonSet控制器：用于确保集群中的每一个节点只运行一个pod副本（画外音，如果没有DaemonSet，一个节点可以运行多个pod副本）。如果在集群中新加一个节点，那么这个新节点也会自动生成一个Pod副本。
Job控制器：对于那些只做一次，只要完成就正常退出，没完成才重构pod ，叫job控制器。
StatefulSet控制器：管理有状态应用，每一个pod副本都是被单独管理的。它拥有着自己独有的标识。
K8s在1.2+和1.7开始，支持TPR(third party resources 第三方资源)。在k8s 1.8+中，支持CDR(Custom Defined Reources，用户自定义资源)。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl explain replicaset [root@master manifests]# kubectl explain rs (replicaset的简写) [root@master manifests]# kubectl explain rs.spec.template
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get deploy NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE myapp 2 2 2 0 10d mytomcat 3 3 3 3 10d nginx-deploy 1 1 1 1 13d [root@master manifests]# kubectl delete deploy myapp deployment.extensions "myapp" deleted [root@master manifests]# kubectl delete deploy nginx-deploy deployment.extensions "nginx-deploy" deleted
[root@master manifests]# cat rs-demo.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: ReplicaSet metadata: name: myapp namespace: default spec: #这是控制器的spec replicas: 2 #几个副本 selector: #查看帮助:,标签选择器。 kubectl explain rs.spec.selector matchLabels: app: myapp release: canary template: # 查看帮助：模板 kubectl explain rs.spec.template metadata: # kubectl explain rs.spec.template.metadata name: myapp-pod labels: #必须符合上面定义的标签选择器selector里面的内容 app: myapp release: canary environment: qa spec: #这是pod的spec containers: - name: myapp-container image: ikubernetes/nginx:latest ports: - name: http containerPort: 80
[root@master manifests]# kubectl create -f rs-demo.yaml replicaset.apps/myapp created
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get rs NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE myapp 2 2 2 3m
看到上面的ready是2，表示两个replcatset控制器都在正常运行。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods --show-labels myapp-6kncv 1/1 Running 0 15m app=myapp,environment=qa,release=canary myapp-rbqjz 1/1 Running 0 15m app=myapp,environment=qa,release=canary 5m pod-demo 0/2 CrashLoopBackOff 2552 9d app=myapp,tier=frontend
上面就是replicatset控制器创建的两个pod。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl describe pods myapp-6kncv IP: 10.244.2.44
[root@master manifests]# curl 10.244.2.44 Hello MyApp | Version: v1 | <a href="hostname.html">Pod Name</a>
编辑replicatset的配置文件（这个文件不是我们手工创建的，而是apiserver维护的）
[root@master manifests]# kubectl edit rs myapp
把里面的replicas改成5，保存后就立即生效。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods --show-labels NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE LABELS client 0/1 Error 0 11d run=client liveness-httpget-pod 1/1 Running 3 5d <none> myapp-6kncv 1/1 Running 0 31m app=myapp,environment=qa,release=canary myapp-c64mb 1/1 Running 0 3s app=myapp,environment=qa,release=canary myapp-fsrsg 1/1 Running 0 3s app=myapp,environment=qa,release=canary myapp-ljczj 0/1 ContainerCreating 0 3s app=myapp,environment=qa,release=canary myapp-rbqjz 1/1 Running 0 31m app=myapp,environment=qa,release=canary
同样，也可以用命令kubectl edit rs myapp升级版本，改里面的image: ikubernetes/myapp:v2，这样就变成v2版本了。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get rs -o wide NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR myapp 5 5 5 1h myapp-container ikubernetes/myapp:v2 app=myapp,release=canary
不过，只有pod重建后，比如增加删除Pod，才会更新成v2版本。
我们可以通过Deployment控制器来动态更新pod的版本。
我们先建立replicatset v2版本，然后一个一个的删除replicatset v1版本中的Pod，这样自动新创建的pod就会变成v2版本了。当pod全部变成v2版本后，replicatset v1并不会删除，这样一旦发现v2版本有问题，还可以回退到v1版本。
通常deployment默认保留10版本的replicatset。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl explain deploy [root@master manifests]# kubectl explain deploy.spec [root@master manifests]# kubectl explain deploy.spec.strategy （更新策略） [root@master ~]# kubectl delete rs myapp
[root@master manifests]# cat deploy-demo.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: myapp-deploy namespace: default spec: replicas: 2 selector: #标签选择器 matchLabels: #匹配的标签为 app: myapp release: canary template: metadata: labels: app: myapp #和上面的myapp要匹配 release: canary spec: containers: - name: myapp image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1 ports: - name: http containerPort: 80
[root@master manifests]# kubectl apply -f deploy-demo.yaml deployment.apps/myapp-deploy created
apply表示是声明式更新和创建。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get deploy NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE myapp-deploy 2 2 2 2 1m
[root@master ~]# kubectl get rs NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d 2 2 2 17m
上面的rs式deployment自动创建的。
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d-7jnwx 1/1 Running 0 19m myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d-btskk 1/1 Running 0 19m
修改配置文件deploy-demo.yaml，把replicas数字改成3，然后再执行kubectl apply -f deploy-demo.yaml 即可使配置文件里面的内容生效。
[root@master ~]# kubectl describe deploy myapp-deploy
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -l app=myapp -w
-l使标签过滤
-w是动态监控
[root@master ~]# kubectl get rs -o wide NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d 2 2 2 1h myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v1 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=2560367528,release=canary
看滚动更新的历史：
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout history deployment myapp-deploy deployments "myapp-deploy" REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 1 <none>
下面我们把deployment改成5个：我们可以使用vim deploy-demo.yaml方法，把里面的replicas改成5。当然，还可以使用另外一种方法，就patch方法，举例如下。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl patch deployment myapp-deploy -p '{"spec":{"replicas":5}}'
deployment.extensions/myapp-deploy patched[root@master manifests]# kubectl get deploy NAME DESIRED CURRENT UP-TO-DATE AVAILABLE AGE myapp-deploy 5 5 5 5 2h
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d-7jnwx 1/1 Running 0 2h myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d-8gn7v 1/1 Running 0 59s myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d-btskk 1/1 Running 0 2h myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d-p5hpd 1/1 Running 0 59s myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d-zjv4p 1/1 Running 0 59s mytomcat-5f8c6fdcb-9krxn 1/1 Running 0 8h
下面修改策略：
[root@master manifests]# kubectl patch deployment myapp-deploy -p '{"spec":{"strategy":{"rollingUpdate":{"maxSurge":1,"maxUnavaliable":0}}}}'
deployment.extensions/myapp-deploy patchedstrategy：表示策略
maxSurge：表示最多几个控制器存在
maxUnavaliable：表示最多有几个控制器不可用
[root@master manifests]# kubectl describe deployment myapp-deploy RollingUpdateStrategy: 0 max unavailable, 1 max surge
下面我们用set image命令，将镜像myapp升级为v3版本，并且将myapp-deploy控制器标记为暂停。被pause命令暂停的资源不会被控制器协调使用，可以使“kubectl rollout resume”命令恢复已暂停资源。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl set image deployment myapp-deploy myapp=ikubernetes/myapp:v3 && kubectl rollout pause deployment myapp-deploy
[root@master ~]# kubectl get pods -l app=myapp -w
停止暂停：
[root@master ~]# kubectl rollout resume deployment myapp-deploy deployment.extensions/myapp-deploy resumed
看到继续更新了（即删一个更新一个，删一个更新一个）：
[root@master manifests]# kubectl rollout status deployment myapp-deploy Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 2 out of 5 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment spec update to be observed... Waiting for deployment spec update to be observed... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 2 out of 5 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 3 out of 5 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 3 out of 5 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 4 out of 5 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 4 out of 5 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 4 out of 5 new replicas have been updated... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... Waiting for deployment "myapp-deploy" rollout to finish: 1 old replicas are pending termination... deployment "myapp-deploy" successfully rolled out
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get rs -o wide NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d 0 0 0 6h myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v1 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=2560367528,release=canary myapp-deploy-6bdcd6755d 5 5 5 3h myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v3 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=2687823118,release=canary mytomcat-5f8c6fdcb 3 3 3 12h mytomcat tomcat pod-template-hash=194729876,run=mytomcat
上面可以看到myapp有v1和v3两个版本。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl rollout history deployment myapp-deploy deployments "myapp-deploy" REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 1 <none> 2 <none>
上面可以看到有两个历史更新记录。
下面我们把v3回退到上一个版本（不指定就是上一个版本）。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl rollout undo deployment myapp-deploy --to-revision=1 deployment.extensions/myapp-deploy
可以看到第一版还原成第3版了：
[root@master manifests]# kubectl rollout history deployment myapp-deploy deployments "myapp-deploy" REVISION CHANGE-CAUSE 2 <none> 3 <none>
可以看到正在工作的是v1版，即回退到了v1版。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get rs -o wide NAME DESIRED CURRENT READY AGE CONTAINERS IMAGES SELECTOR myapp-deploy-69b47bc96d 5 5 5 6h myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v1 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=2560367528,release=canary myapp-deploy-6bdcd6755d 0 0 0 3h myapp ikubernetes/myapp:v3 app=myapp,pod-template-hash=2687823118,release=canary
通过 https://hub.docker.com/r/ikubernetes/filebeat/tags/可以看到filebeat的版本有哪些：
[root@node1 manifests]# docker pull ikubernetes/filebeat:5.6.5-alpine [root@node2 manifests]# docker pull ikubernetes/filebeat:5.6.5-alpine
node1和node2上都下载filebeat镜像。
[root@node1 ~]# docker image inspect ikubernetes/filebeat:5.6.5-alpine
[root@master manifests]# kubectl explain pods.spec.containers.env
[root@master manifests]# cat ds-demo.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: myapp-ds namespace: default spec: selector: #标签选择器 matchLabels: #匹配的标签为 app: filebeat release: stable template: metadata: labels: app: filebeat #和上面的myapp要匹配 release: stable spec: containers: - name: myapp image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1 env: - name: REDIS_HOST value: redis.default.svc.cluster.local #随便取的名字 name: REDIS_LOG_LEVEL value: info
[root@master manifests]# kubectl apply -f ds-demo.yaml daemonset.apps/myapp-ds created
看到myapp-ds已经运行起来了，并且是两个myapp-ds，这是因为我们有两个Node节点。另外master节点上是不会运行myapp-ds控制器的，因为master有污点（除非你设置允许有污点，才可以在master上允许myapp-ds）
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE myapp-ds-5tmdd 1/1 Running 0 1m myapp-ds-dkmjj 1/1 Running 0 1m
[root@master ~]# kubectl logs myapp-ds-dkmjj
[root@master manifests]# kubectl delete -f ds-demo.yaml
[root@master manifests]# cat ds-demo.yaml apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: Deployment metadata: name: redis namespace: default spec: replicas: 1 selector: matchLabels: app: redis role: logstor #日志存储角色 template: metadata: labels: app: redis role: logstor spec: #这个是容器的spec containers: - name: redis image: redis:4.0-alpine ports: - name: redis containerPort: 6379 #用减号隔离资源定义清单 --- apiVersion: apps/v1 kind: DaemonSet metadata: name: filebeat-ds namespace: default spec: selector: #标签选择器 matchLabels: #匹配的标签为 app: filebeat release: stable template: metadata: labels: app: filebeat #和上面的myapp要匹配 release: stable spec: containers: - name: filebeat image: ikubernetes/filebeat:5.6.6-alpine env: - name: REDIS_HOST #这是环境变量名,value是它的值 value: redis.default.svc.cluster.local #随便取的名字 - name: REDIS_LOG_LEVEL value: info
[root@master manifests]# kubectl create -f ds-demo.yaml deployment.apps/redis created daemonset.apps/filebeat-ds created
[root@master manifests]# kubectl expose deployment redis --port=6379 ##这是在用expose方式创建service，其实还有一种方式是根据清单创建service service/redis exposed
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get svc #service的简称 NAME TYPE CLUSTER-IP EXTERNAL-IP PORT(S) AGE redis ClusterIP 10.106.138.181 <none> 6379/TCP 48s
[root@master manifests]# kubectl get pods NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE filebeat-ds-hgbhr 1/1 Running 0 9h filebeat-ds-xc7v7 1/1 Running 0 9h redis-5b5d6fbbbd-khws2 1/1 Running 0 33m
[root@master manifests]# kubectl exec -it redis-5b5d6fbbbd-khws2 -- /bin/sh /data # netstat -tnl Active Internet connections (only servers) Proto Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address Foreign Address State tcp 0 0 0.0.0.0:6379 0.0.0.0:* LISTEN tcp 0 0 :::6379 :::* LISTEN /data # nslookup redis.default.svc.cluster.local #看到DNS可以解析出来ip nslookup: can't resolve '(null)': Name does not resolve Name: redis.default.svc.cluster.local Address 1: 10.106.138.181 redis.default.svc.cluster.local /data # redis-cli -h redis.default.svc.cluster.local redis.default.svc.cluster.local:6379> keys * (empty list or set) redis.default.svc.cluster.local:6379>
[root@master manifests]# kubectl exec -it filebeat-ds-pnk8b -- /bin/sh
/ # ps aux
PID USER TIME COMMAND
1 root 0:00 /usr/local/bin/filebeat -e -c /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
15 root 0:00 /bin/sh
22 root 0:00 ps aux
/ # cat /etc/filebeat/filebeat.yml
filebeat.registry_file: /var/log/containers/filebeat_registry
filebeat.idle_timeout: 5s
filebeat.spool_size: 2048
logging.level: info
filebeat.prospectors:
- input_type: log
paths:
- "/var/log/containers/*.log"
- "/var/log/docker/containers/*.log"
- "/var/log/startupscript.log"
- "/var/log/kubelet.log"
- "/var/log/kube-proxy.log"
- "/var/log/kube-apiserver.log"
- "/var/log/kube-controller-manager.log"
- "/var/log/kube-scheduler.log"
- "/var/log/rescheduler.log"
- "/var/log/glbc.log"
- "/var/log/cluster-autoscaler.log"
symlinks: true
json.message_key: log
json.keys_under_root: true
json.add_error_key: true
multiline.pattern: '^\s'
multiline.match: after
document_type: kube-logs
tail_files: true
fields_under_root: true
output.redis:
hosts: ${REDIS_HOST:?No Redis host configured. Use env var REDIS_HOST to set host.}
key: "filebeat"
/ # printenv
REDIS_HOST=redis.default.svc.cluster.local
/ # nslookup redis.default.svc.cluster.local
nslookup: can't resolve '(null)': Name does not resolve
Name: redis.default.svc.cluster.local
Address 1: 10.106.138.181 redis.default.svc.cluster.local daemon-set也支持滚动更新。
[root@master manifests]# kubectl set image daemonsets filebeat-ds filebeat=ikubernetes/filebeat:5.5.7-alpine
说明： daemonsets filebeat-ds表示daemonsets名字叫filebeat-ds；
filebeat=ikubernetes/filebeat:5.5.7-alpine表示filebeat容器=ikubernetes/filebeat:5.5.7-alpine
感谢各位的阅读！关于“docker中pod控制器怎么用”这篇文章就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，让大家可以学到更多知识，如果觉得文章不错，可以把它分享出去让更多的人看到吧！
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