k8s如何使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做存储

发布时间：2021-11-22 17:00:13 来源：亿速云阅读：171 作者：柒染栏目：云计算

本篇文章为大家展示了k8s如何使用emptyDir,hostPath,nfs,pv,pvc做存储，内容简明扼要并且容易理解，绝对能使你眼前一亮，通过这篇文章的详细介绍希望你能有所收获。

存储卷三种方式：emptyDir，gitRepo，hostPath

emptyDir：一个pod创建两个容器,一个pod提供请求服务,另一个pod提供文件存储,pod删除,存储卷就删除。

gitRepo：使用docker镜像提供存储

hostPath：宿主机路径,pod删除,存储卷还在(在多个node节点要创建路径)

nfs：使用共享存储(多个pod要在共享存储中创建多个目录)

帮助：

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes.persistentVolumeClaim --pvc帮助

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pods.spec.volumes --查看帮助

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain pv --pv帮助

1.使用emptyDir做存储(两个pod,一个做存储,一个提供服务)

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 11.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: default

labels:

app: myapp

tier: frontend

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp --定义一个容器

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

ports:

- name: http

containerPort: 80

volumeMounts:

- name: html

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html --myapp容器html卷挂载到/usr/share/nginx/html(是nginx默认路径)

- name: busybox

image: busybox:latest

imagePullPolicy: IfNotPresent

volumeMounts:

- name: html --busybox容器将html卷挂载到/data

mountPath: /data/

command: ["/bin/sh","-c","while true;do echo $(date) >> /data/index.html;sleep 2;done"]

volumes: --定义一个html卷

- name: html

emptyDir: {}

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f 11.yaml

pod/pod-demo created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 103s 10.244.1.13 k8s2 <none> <none>

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl exec -it pod-demo -c busybox -- /bin/sh

/ # cat /data/index.html

Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl http://10.244.1.13

Fri Feb 22 09:39:53 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:55 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:57 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:39:59 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:01 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:03 UTC 2019

Fri Feb 22 09:40:05 UTC 2019

[root@k8s1 ~]#

2.使用hostPath做存储(如果node节点宕机,pod访问宕机node的数据就不存在了)

node1节点：

[root@k8s2 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod

[root@k8s2 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html --为了区分node节点,将文件内容写不一样

node1

[root@k8s2 ~]#

node2节点:

[root@k8s3 ~]# mkdir -p /data/pod

[root@k8s3 ~]# cat /data/pod/index.html

node2

[root@k8s3 ~]#

master节点：

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim 12.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html --使用html卷存储

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html --nginx网页根目录

volumes:

- name: html

hostPath:

path: /data/pod/ --html卷的路径(对应的node节点新建目录,pod在哪个node上就要新建)

type: DirectoryOrCreate

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 64m 10.244.1.13 k8s2 <none> <none>

pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 4s 10.244.2.22 k8s3 <none> <none>

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl http://10.244.2.22 --pod在node2节点上,所以访问的是node2的网页,如果在node1就是node1的内容

node2

[root@k8s1 ~]#

3.使用nfs共享存储

nfs存储:

[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6

[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports

/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@liutie1 ~]# systemctl restart nfs

[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v6

[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e

Export list for liutie1:

/data/v6 172.16.8.0/24

[root@liutie1 ~]#

k8s节点:

[root@k8s1 ~]# mkdir /data/v6 --创建共享目录

[root@k8s1 ~]# mount.nfs 172.16.8.108:/data/v6 /data/v6 --测试手动挂载

[root@k8s1 ~]# umount /data/v6

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim nfs.yaml

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod

metadata:

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: pod-nfs

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html1

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

volumes:

- name: html1

nfs:

path: /data/v6

server: 172.16.8.108

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f nfs.yaml

pod/pod-vol-nfs created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES

pod-vol-nfs 1/1 Running 0 2m21s 10.244.1.78 k8s2 <none> <none>

[root@k8s1 ~]#

在nfs存储创建文件

[root@liutie1 ~]# cd /data/v6/

[root@liutie1 v6]# cat index.html

nfs store

[root@liutie1 v6]#

在k8s节点打开网页

[root@k8s1 ~]# curl 10.244.1.78 --pod的ip地址

nfs store

[root@k8s1 ~]#

4.使用nfs共享存储(固定大小)

nfs服务器：

[root@liutie1 ~]# mkdir /data/v{1,2,3,4,5} --在存储上新建目录

[root@liutie1 ~]# yum install nfs* -y --安装nfs

[root@liutie1 ~]# vim /etc/exports --共享目录

/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24(rw,no_root_squash)

[root@liutie1 ~]# exportfs -arv

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v5

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v4

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v3

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v2

exporting 172.16.8.0/24:/data/v1

[root@liutie1 ~]# showmount -e

Export list for liutie1:

/data/v5 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v4 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v3 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v2 172.16.8.0/24

/data/v1 172.16.8.0/24

[root@liutie1 ~]#

node各节点：

[root@k8s2 ~]# yum install nfs-common nfs-utils -y --所有node节点必须安装nfs-utils软件包,否则会出错

master节点：

[root@k8s1 ~]# yum install -y nfs-utils

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl explain PersistentVolume --帮助信息

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pv.yaml --将远程的nfs目录转换成pv

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v1

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 5Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v2

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 15Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v3

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 1Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v4

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 20Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolume

metadata:

labels:

spec:

nfs:

path: /data/v5

server: 172.16.8.108

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany","ReadWriteOnce"]

capacity:

storage: 13Gi

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pv.yaml --生成pv

persistentvolume/pv001 created

persistentvolume/pv002 created

persistentvolume/pv003 created

persistentvolume/pv004 created

persistentvolume/pv005 created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv --查看pv

NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE

pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 2m40s

[root@k8s1 ~]# vim pvc.yaml --创建pvc,pvc的大小为6G

apiVersion: v1

kind: PersistentVolumeClaim

metadata:

namespace: default --定义一个mypvc名字的pvc

spec:

accessModes: ["ReadWriteMany"]

resources:

requests:

storage: 6Gi

---

apiVersion: v1

kind: Pod --定义一个pod,pod使用pvc

metadata:

namespace: default

spec:

containers:

- name: myapp

image: ikubernetes/myapp:v1

volumeMounts:

- name: html --使用mypvc存储

mountPath: /usr/share/nginx/html

volumes:

- name: html

persistentVolumeClaim:

claimName: mypvc --引用上面的mypvc

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl apply -f pvc.yaml

persistentvolumeclaim/mypvc created

pod/pod-vol-pvc created

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pv

NAME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES RECLAIM POLICY STATUS CLAIM STORAGECLASS REASON AGE

pv001 5Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv002 15Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv003 1Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv004 20Gi RWO,RWX Retain Available 8m31s

pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX Retain Bound default/mypvc 8m31s --Bound表示使用

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pvc

NAME STATUS VOLUME CAPACITY ACCESS MODES STORAGECLASS AGE

mypvc Bound pv005 13Gi RWO,RWX 2m31s --使用了pv005的mypvc存储卷

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl get pods

NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE

pod-demo 2/2 Running 0 141m

pod-vol-hostpath 1/1 Running 0 77m

pod-vol-pvc 1/1 Running 0 4s

[root@k8s1 ~]# kubectl describe pods pod-vol-pvc --查看详细信息

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