如何深入解析RMAN备份与恢复

发布时间：2021-11-09 10:18:16 来源：亿速云阅读：119 作者：柒染栏目：建站服务器

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RMAN备份与恢复深入解析

1.用示例说明两种增量备份的差别

大家早上好，早上的阳光真是明媚，新的一天即将开始，下面我们来研究研究增量备份的奥妙：）

Incremental增量备份：中心思想就是减少备份的数据量，我们不需要在从头开始备份了，只需要备份自上次已备份之后的数据块即可。

关于Incremental增量备份级别：

Oracle 9i 共有五种级别 0 1 2 3 4，0级最高-4级最低，0级是1级的基础以此类推。

Oracle 10g官方文档明确指出增量备份只有0和1两种级别（太多增量级别其实没有太大的意义），不过实际执行增量操作时，仍然能够指定多个级别，最大能够支持4级增量备份。

Oracle 11g 增量备份只有0和1两种级别。

Level 0级就是对数据库一个全库备份，增量备份必须从0级开始，也就是说必须要有一个全库备份当基础。

如果你是用“backup full database”命令做全库备份oracle也不认为这是level 0的全库备份，尽管是一样的也要单独做一次level 0。有了level 0当基础才能有后面的level 1 level 2 level 3 level 4。如果你一上来比较冲动直接发出level 1备份，oracle会自动在level1前面加一个level 0，顺序是先进行level 0备份再做level 1备份，一共做两次备份。

关于Incremental增量备份类型：

（1）差异增量备份：备份上级及同级备份以来所有变化的数据块，差异增量是默认增量备份方式

特点：触发条件小于等于当前级别<=N 备份时间快，恢复时间慢

如何深入解析RMAN备份与恢复

（2）累积增量备份：备份上级备份以来所有变化的块。

特点：小于当前级别<N 备份时间慢，恢复时间快 C：代表累积

如何深入解析RMAN备份与恢复

我们系统的备份策略（周策略），仅供参考，如有雷同心心相印，欧巴~阿加西
日期             差异增量       累积增量
星期天                0                   0
星期一                2                   2
星期二                2                   2
星期三                1                   1
星期四                2                   2
星期五                2                   2
星期六                2                   2
星期日                0                   0

下面我们实验差异增量备份与累积增量备份~备份时间与恢复窗口优略性

差异增量备份

零级备份

backupincremental level 0 database;

创建表空间test1

创建表test1

一级差异备份

backupincremental level 1 database;

创建表空间test2

创建表test2

一级差异备份

backupincremental level 1 database;

记住当前的scn号（10000），我们删除表test1和表test2，然后恢复到scn=10000那一刻，检查表test1和表test2是否完整恢复回来，恢复窗口：恢复三个备份集 0+1+1+redo

begin go

0级全库备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set 数据文件列表

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T150112 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

控制文件自动备份

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00 comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

操作系统侧面检查，顺利备份没有问题 good

[oracle@leonarding1 backup]$ ll

total 983928

drwxr-xr-x 2 oracle oinstall 4096 May 10 15:02 control

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1007534080 May 10 15:02 DB_0lo99q5p_1_1

[oracle@leonarding1 control]$ ll

total 9632

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 9863168 May 10 15:02cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00

创建test1表空间

SYS@LEO1>create tablespace test1 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

创建test1表

SYS@LEO1>conn leo1/leo1

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1>create table test1 tablespace test1 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

LEO1@LEO1>select checkpoint_change# from v$database; 每做完一个动作我们都记录下SCN号

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1079203

1级差异备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf 这次多了test1表空间

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T151746comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:15

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

创建test2表空间

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace test2 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

创建test2表

LEO1@LEO1>create table test2 tablespace test2 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

LEO1@LEO1>select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1079213

再次1级差异备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf 这次又多了test1表空间

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T153609comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1>select checkpoint_change# from v$database;

CHECKPOINT_CHANGE#

------------------

1084254

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile; 我们做一次日志切换从2 -> 3

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest online log sequence 1

Next log sequence to archive 3

Current log sequence 3

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile; 为了保险我们再切一次，当前日志序号为4

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>conn leo1/leo1

Connected.

LEO1@LEO1>drop table test1 purge; 我们删除test1和test2表

Table dropped.

LEO1@LEO1>drop table test2 purge;

Table dropped.

现在我们想恢复到没删除之前的状态，有2种方法（1）恢复到scn=1084254 （2）恢复到sequence=3

检查一下备份集集

RMAN> list backupset;

List of Backup Sets

===================

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

19 Incr 0 960.85M DISK 00:01:21 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 19 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T150112

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 19

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- -------------

1 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 0 Incr 1081294 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

20 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 20 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T150238

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-00

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 30-APR-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1081329 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

21 Incr 1 19.38M DISK 00:02:08 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 21 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T151746

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 21

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- -------------

1 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

6 1 Incr 1083510 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

22 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 22 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T152002

Piece Name: /u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-01

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1083563 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

23 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:02 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 23 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T152849

Piece Name: /u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-02

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1084027 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

24 Incr 1 9.90M DISK 00:02:00 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 24 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T153609

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0qo99s79_1_1

List of Datafiles in backup set 24

File LV Type Ckp SCN Ckp Time Name

---- -- ---- ---------- -------------

1 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

2 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13 /u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

3 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

4 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

5 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

6 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

7 1 Incr 1084375 10-MAY-13/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

BS Key Type LV Size Device Type Elapsed Time Completion Time

------- ---- -- ---------- ----------- ------------ ---------------

25 Full 9.39M DISK 00:00:01 10-MAY-13

BP Key: 25 Status: AVAILABLE Compressed: NO Tag: TAG20130510T153814

Piece Name:/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-03

SPFILE Included: Modificationtime: 10-MAY-13

SPFILE db_unique_name: LEO1

Control File Included: Ckp SCN:1084436 Ckp time: 10-MAY-13

从这个size大小上就可以看出 960.85M->19.38M->9.90M咱们做的都是增量备份，那么好现在开始恢复

SYS@LEO1>shutdown immediate

Database closed.

Database dismounted.

ORACLE instance shut down.

SYS@LEO1>startup mount 启动mount状态恢复

ORACLE instance started.

Total System Global Area 471830528bytes

Fixed Size 2214456bytes

Variable Size 184550856 bytes

Database Buffers 276824064bytes

Redo Buffers 8241152bytes

Database mounted.

RMAN 进行基于SCN号不完全恢复

RMAN> restore database until scn 1084254;

Starting restore at 10-MAY-13

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

creating datafile file number=7name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1 从0级备份开始恢复

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0lo99q5p_1_1tag=TAG20130510T150112

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:45

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1 再恢复1级

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished restore at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> recover database until scn 1084254; 同步scn号

Starting recover at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

destination for restore of datafile 00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00003:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0no99r4r_1_1tag=TAG20130510T151746

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 1 is already on disk as file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf thread=1sequence=1

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:02

Finished recover at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; 非一致性打开

database opened

累积增量备份

零级备份

backup incremental level 0 cumulative database;

创建表空间test3

创建表test3

一级累积备份

backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

创建表空间test4

创建表test4

一级累积备份

backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

记住当前的sequence号，我们删除表test3和表test4，然后恢复到sequence那一刻，检查表test3和表test4是否完整恢复回来，恢复窗口：恢复两个备份集 0+1(最后一次备份)+redo

下面我们就做的快一点啦

RMAN> backup incremental level 0 cumulative database; 0级累积增量备份

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 0 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T162607comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:25

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-05comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

创建表空间和表test3

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace test3 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

LEO1@LEO1>create table test3 tablespace test3 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

1级累积备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00008name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0vo99vgi_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163217 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-06comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

创建表空间和表test4

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace test4 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

LEO1@LEO1>create table test4 tablespace test4 as select * fromdba_objects;

Table created.

再一次1级累积备份

RMAN> backup incremental level 1 cumulative database;

Starting backup at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental level 1 datafile backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) in backup set

input datafile file number=00001name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

input datafile file number=00002name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

input datafile file number=00003name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

input datafile file number=00005 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

input datafile file number=00006name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00007name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00008 name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00009name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

input datafile file number=00004name=/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 10-MAY-13

piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657 comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:01:55

Finished backup at 10-MAY-13

Starting Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/control/cf_c-1692458681-20130510-07comment=NONE

Finished Control File and SPFILE Autobackup at 10-MAY-13

SYS@LEO1>drop table test3 purge;

SYS@LEO1>drop table test4 purge;

切换2次日志

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>alter system switch logfile;

System altered.

SYS@LEO1>archive log list

Database log mode Archive Mode

Automatic archival Enabled

Archive destination /u02/app/oracle/archdata

Oldest online log sequence 3

Next log sequence to archive 5

Current log sequence 5

我们只需恢复到sequence=4即可

RMAN 进行基于sequence号不完全恢复

SYS@LEO1>shutdown immediate

SYS@LEO1>startup mount

RMAN> restore database until sequence 4 thread 1; 一直恢复到4号归档日志

Starting restore at 10-MAY-13

using target database control file instead of recovery catalog

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=10 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00001 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00003 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00004 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00005 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00006 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00007 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_0to99v4v_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T162607

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:02:05

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00008 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test3_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00009 to/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test4_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

Finished restore at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> recover database until sequence 4 thread 1;

Starting recover at 10-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting incremental datafile backup set restore

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set

destination for restore of datafile 00001:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/system01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00002:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/sysaux01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00003: /u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/undotbs01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00004:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/users01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00005:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/leo1.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00006: /u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test1_01.dbf

destination for restore of datafile 00007:/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/test2_01.dbf

channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle= /u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_11o99vpa_1_1 tag=TAG20130510T163657

channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1

channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

starting media recovery

archived log for thread 1 with sequence 3 is already on disk as file/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf thread=1sequence=3

media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

Finished recover at 10-MAY-13

RMAN> alter database open resetlogs; 打开数据库

database opened

LEO1@LEO1>select count(*) from test3; 完整恢复回来啦

COUNT(*)

----------

71894

LEO1@LEO1>select count(*) from test4;

COUNT(*)

----------

71895

大家肯定会发现一个有趣的现象，我们备份集顺序DB_0to99v4v_1_1->DB_0vo99vgi_1_1->DB_11o99vpa_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 1023426560 May 10 16:27 DB_0to99v4v_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 10493952 May 10 16:34 DB_0vo99vgi_1_1

-rw-r----- 1 oracle asmadmin 20193280 May 10 16:38 DB_11o99vpa_1_1

而我们恢复顺序DB_0to99v4v_1_1->DB_11o99vpa_1_1，没有中间的DB_0vo99vgi_1_1，这就是累积增量备份的特色，当进行备份时它要去找比它自己级别小的基准点进行增量备份，因此DB_11o99vpa_1_1是从0级一直备到最新状态（包括DB_0vo99vgi_1_1）又根据Oracle优先使用备份集恢复，用完所有备份集后，在应用归档日志恢复，因为备份集效率比归档快很多，这一原则，我们可以直接使用DB_11o99vpa_1_1备份集进行恢复了。

小结：情深深雨蒙蒙~风吹草低见牛羊，示例说明两种增量备份的差别实验已经完成，大家从这些实验中学习到东西了嘛！应该说这两种增量各有千秋，适合不同的应用场景，如何更好的使用它们，要根据你项目能够接受的备份及恢复程度而定，好了我们明天见goodbye 亲。

2.演示用catalog数据库作为RMAN的资料库对数据库进行一次全备份

上面我们说过RMAN元数据可以放在控制文件中，其实还可以放在catalog数据库中，catalog库是个什么东东呢？我们简单的阐述一下它个功能。

1. catalog库统一管理RMAN备份信息即元数据信息，如果没有catalog库，就把RMAN备份信息写入控制文件

2. 目标数据库必须注册到catalog库中才能使用

3. 控制文件恢复成本越来越低，降低了catalog库使用。

4. 控制文件不能保留超过一年以上的备份信息，catalog可却可以。

5. catalog库可以同时保存n台数据库的备份信息，降低管理成本，提升管理效率

1.创建表空间catalog1 用于存储rman备份信息，创建表空间代表【catalog库】

LEO1@LEO1>create tablespace catalog1 datafile'/u02/app/oracle/oradata/LEO1/catalog1_01.dbf' size 20m autoextend off;

Tablespace created.

2.创建用户cl_admin并指定默认的表空间catalog1

LEO1@LEO1>create user cl_admin identified by cl_admin defaulttablespace catalog1;

User created.

3.将recovery_catalog_owner角色授予给cl_admin用户，才能提供维护和查询恢复目录的权限

LEO1@LEO1>grant connect,resource,recovery_catalog_owner to cl_admin;

Grant succeeded.

LEO1@LEO1>select * from dba_roles where role like '%RECOVER%';

ROLE PASSWORD AUTHENTICAT

------------------------------ -------- -----------

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER NO NONE

LEO1@LEO1>conn / as sysdba

Connected.

SYS@LEO1>select * from role_sys_privs whererole='RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER'; 查看这个角色具有哪些系统权限->11个权限

ROLE PRIVILEGE ADM

------------------------------ -------------------------------------------

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SYNONYM NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE CLUSTER NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER ALTERSESSION NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE DATABASE LINK NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SESSION NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TABLE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE SEQUENCE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATEPROCEDURE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE VIEW NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TYPE NO

RECOVERY_CATALOG_OWNER CREATE TRIGGER NO

11 rows selected.

4.进入rman创建恢复目录catalog库

[oracle@leonarding1 backup]$ rman catalog cl_admin/cl_admin 以恢复目录所有者身份登录rman

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat May 11 09:06:292013

connected to recovery catalog database 连接到恢复目录数据库

RMAN> create catalog tablespace catalog1; 用catalog1表空间代表catalog库

recovery catalog created

5.target库注册到catalog库

[oracle@leonarding1 backup]$ rman target sys/oracle catalogcl_admin/cl_admin

Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Sat May 11 09:15:102013

connected to target database: LEO1 (DBID=1692458681) 必须以SYS身份登录，不能以普通用户身份登录，否则不能注册

connected to recovery catalog database 同时也连接到了catalog库

RMAN> register database; 把target库->注册->catalog库，谁注册了谁的备份信息才能存到catalog库

database registered in recovery catalog

starting full resync of recovery catalog

full resync complete

6.在数据库中确认注册成功，看看哪些数据库注册到catalog库了

[oracle@leonarding1 ~]$ sqlplus cl_admin/cl_admin

CL_ADMIN@LEO1>col name for a6

CL_ADMIN@LEO1>select * from rc_database; 从这个视图上我们就可以看到leo1库已经注册到catalog中了

DB_KEY DBINC_KEY DBID NAME RESETLOGS_CHANGE# RESETLOGS

---------- ---------- ---------- ------ ----------------- ---------

2 4 1692458681 LEO1 1086803 10-MAY-13

7.取消注册

RMAN> unregister database; 从恢复目录库中取消目标数据库的注册

8.全库备份

RMAN> backup as compressed backupset full database include currentcontrolfile plus archivelog delete all input;

Starting backup at 11-MAY-13

current log archived

allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=19 device type=DISK

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=6 RECID=38 STAMP=814107533

input archived log thread=1 sequence=7 RECID=36 STAMP=814105467

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_15o9bs9s_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_6_814098124.dbf RECID=38STAMP=814107533

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_7_814098124.dbf RECID=36STAMP=814105467

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=39 STAMP=815067081

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_16o9bs9t_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_814107939.dbf RECID=39STAMP=815067081

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=8 RECID=37 STAMP=814105539

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_17o9bsa1_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_8_814098124.dbf RECID=37STAMP=814105539

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=40 STAMP=815067673

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_18o9bsa2_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_814107939.dbf RECID=40STAMP=815067673

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=43 STAMP=815070347

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_19o9bsa3_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815069267.dbf RECID=43STAMP=815070347

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=41 STAMP=815067752

input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=42 STAMP=815069267

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1ao9bsa4_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_814107939.dbf RECID=41STAMP=815067752

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_814107939.dbf RECID=42STAMP=815069267

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=44 STAMP=815070349

input archived log thread=1 sequence=3 RECID=45 STAMP=815071289

input archived log thread=1 sequence=4 RECID=46 STAMP=815071321

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1bo9bsa5_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:03

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815069267.dbf RECID=44STAMP=815070349

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_3_815069267.dbf RECID=45STAMP=815071289

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_4_815069267.dbf RECID=46STAMP=815071321

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=1 RECID=48 STAMP=815130519

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1co9bsa9_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_1_815071959.dbf RECID=48STAMP=815130519

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=5 RECID=47 STAMP=815071959

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1do9bsag_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_5_815069267.dbf RECID=47STAMP=815071959

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed archived log backup set

channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying archived log(s) in backup set

input archived log thread=1 sequence=2 RECID=49 STAMP=815132985

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

channel ORA_DISK_1: finished piece 1 at 11-MAY-13

piece handle=/u02/app/oracle/backup/DB_1eo9bsai_1_1 tag=TAG20130511T094947comment=NONE

channel ORA_DISK_1: backup set complete, elapsed time: 00:00:01

channel ORA_DISK_1: deleting archived log(s)

archived log file name=/u02/app/oracle/archdata/1_2_815071959.dbf RECID=49STAMP=815132985

Finished backup at 11-MAY-13

Starting backup at 11-MAY-13

using channel ORA_DISK_1

channel ORA_DISK_1: starting compressed full datafile backup set