IMP同库Type对象导入报错ORA-02304怎么办

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当我们使用exp/imp的时候，报错ORA-02304实际上是没有什么特别好的解决方法的。Type导入相同库报错的本质在于在导出的时候，Oracle会将type的oid连带导出。而导入的时候，又希望将其还原为相同的oid从而引发冲突。

那么，是不是我们就没有办法了呢？我们借助Oracle 10g提出的数据泵（Data Dump）工具，是可以避免这个问题的。

1、环境准备

我们同样适用Oracle 11gR2进行试验。

SQL> select * from v$version;

BANNER

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

PL/SQL Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

CORE        11.2.0.1.0         Production

在scott用户下，我们创建一些type类型对象。

SQL> grant imp_full_database to scott;

Grant succeeded

SQL> grant exp_full_database to scott;

Grant succeeded

SQL> conn scott/tiger@wilson;

Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0

Connected as scott

SQL> create type mt_type as object (xm number, tchar varchar2(10));

  2  /

Type created

SQL> select type_name, type_oid from user_types;

TYPE_NAME                      TYPE_OID

------------------------------ --------------------------------

MT_TYPE                        C230A55B1FC34E1DE040A8C0580017C6

SQL> create table my_tabletype of mt_type;

Table created

SQL> insert into my_tabletype values (1,'df');

1 row inserted

SQL> commit;

Commit complete

之后，我们创建用户scottback。使用数据泵expdp从scott中将数据导出。

SQL> create user scottback identified by scottback;

User created

SQL> grant resource to scottback;

Grant succeeded

SQL> grant connect to scottback;

Grant succeeded

SQL> grant exp_full_database to scottback;

Grant succeeded

SQL> grant imp_full_database to scottback;

Grant succeeded

2、expdp数据导出

数据泵DataDump作为10g中推出的新一代数据备份还原工具，具有很多好的特点。DataDump是服务器端使用工具，需要在服务器上执行。

首先，我们需要创建directory对象，对应服务器上的一个目录位置。

[root@oracle11g /]# pwd

/

[root@oracle11g /]# mkdir export

[root@oracle11g /]# ls -l | grep export

drwxr-xr-x    2 root   root      4096 Jun 11 19:29 export

[root@oracle11g /]# chown oracle:oinstall export

[root@oracle11g /]# ls -l | grep export

drwxr-xr-x   2 oracle oinstall  4096 Jun 11 19:39 export

创建directory对象，并且将read write权限授予给scott和scottback。

SQL> create or replace directory MY_DIR

  2    as '/export';

Directory created

SQL> grant write, read on directory my_dir to scott;

Grant succeeded

SQL> grant write, read on directory my_dir to scottback;

Grant succeeded’

再使用expdp命令行进行导出。

[oracle@oracle11g ~]$ cd /export/

[oracle@oracle11g export]$ pwd

/export

[oracle@oracle11g export]$ expdp scott/tiger@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resexp.log schemas=scott

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:35:08 2012

[oracle@oracle11g export]$ expdp scott/tiger@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resexp.log schemas=scott

Export: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:35:08 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Starting "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01":  scott/********@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resexp.log schemas=scott

Estimate in progress using BLOCKS method...

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

（篇幅原因，部分省略…..）

. . exported "SCOTT"."T"                                     0 KB       0 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."T1"                                    0 KB       0 rows

. . exported "SCOTT"."T2"                                    0 KB       0 rows

Master table "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

******************************************************************************

Dump file set for SCOTT.SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01 is:

  /export/scott.dmp

Job "SCOTT"."SYS_EXPORT_SCHEMA_01" successfully completed at 19:36:00

[oracle@oracle11g export]$ ls -l

total 420

-rw-r--r--  1 oracle oinstall   2467 Jun 11 19:36 resexp.log

-rw-r-----  1 oracle oinstall 421888 Jun 11 19:36 scott.dmp

3、impdp导入数据

在默认的impdp方式下，type也是不能导入到相同的数据库中去的。

[oracle@oracle11g export]$ impdp scottback/scottback@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp.log remap_schema=scott:scottback

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:37:37 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  scottback/********@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp.log remap_schema=scott:scottback

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTTBACK" already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC

ORA-39083: Object type TYPE failed to create with error:

ORA-02304: invalid object identifier literal

Failing sql is:

CREATE TYPE "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE"   OID 'C230A55B1FC34E1DE040A8C0580017C6' as object (xm number, tchar varchar2(10));

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39117: Type needed to create table is not included in this operation. Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTTBACK"."MY_TABLETYPE" OF "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE"  OID 'C230B8AA21E527C9E040A8C058001816' OIDINDEX  ( PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS 1 MAXEXTENTS 2147483645 PCTINCREASE 0 FREELISTS 1 FREELIST GROUPS 1 BUFFER_POOL DEFAULT FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT CELL_FLASH_CACHE DEFAULT) TABLESPACE "SYSTEM" ) PCTFREE 10 PCTUSED 40 INITRANS 1 MAXTRANS 255 NOCOMPRESS LOGGING

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."BASELINE_TEST"                 22.90 KB       1 rows

（篇幅原因，省略部分 …..）

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 4 error(s) at 19:37:47

注意，在默认情况下，我们导入数据依然会遇到oid的问题。显示的依然是type创建SQL中包括有oid信息，引起oid冲突。进而是连带的数据表my_tabletype不能创建。

有一个片段可以关注：

CREATE TYPE "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE"   OID 'C230A55B1FC34E1DE040A8C0580017C6' as object (xm number, tchar varchar2(10));

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

ORA-39117: Type needed to create table is not included in this operation. Failing sql is:

CREATE TABLE "SCOTTBACK"."MY_TABLETYPE" OF "SCOTTBACK"."MT_TYPE"  OID 'C230B8AA21E527C9E040A8C058001816' OIDINDEX  ( PCTFREE 10 INITRANS 2 MAXTRANS 255  STORAGE(INITIAL 65536 NEXT 1048576 MINEXTENTS

关联oid相同，说明type的oid在Oracle内部是作为关联的重要信息使用的。

在impdp中，我们可以使用transform参数设置，要求将原有dmp文件中oid映射重新生成。

[oracle@oracle11g export]$ impdp scottback/scottback@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp2.log remap_schema=scott:scottback transform=oid:n

Import: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Mon Jun 11 19:39:07 2012

Copyright (c) 1982, 2009, Oracle and/or its affiliates.  All rights reserved.

Connected to: Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production

With the Partitioning, OLAP, Data Mining and Real Application Testing options

Master table "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" successfully loaded/unloaded

Starting "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01":  scottback/********@wilson directory=my_dir dumpfile=scott.dmp logfile=resimp2.log remap_schema=scott:scottback transform=oid:n

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/USER

ORA-31684: Object type USER:"SCOTTBACK" already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/SYSTEM_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/ROLE_GRANT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/DEFAULT_ROLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/PRE_SCHEMA/PROCACT_SCHEMA

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TYPE/TYPE_SPEC

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/TABLE_DATA

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."BASELINE_TEST"                 22.90 KB       1 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."DEPT"                          5.937 KB       4 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."EMP"                           8.992 KB      14 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."MY_TABLETYPE"                  6.507 KB       1 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."SALES_QUAL"                    6.007 KB       6 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."SALGRADE"                      5.867 KB       5 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."BONUS"                             0 KB       0 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."T"                                 0 KB       0 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."T1"                                0 KB       0 rows

. . imported "SCOTTBACK"."T2"                                0 KB       0 rows

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/INDEX

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/INDEX/STATISTICS/INDEX_STATISTICS

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/COMMENT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/VIEW/VIEW

ORA-31684: Object type VIEW:"SCOTTBACK"."V_T1" already exists

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/CONSTRAINT/REF_CONSTRAINT

Processing object type SCHEMA_EXPORT/TABLE/STATISTICS/TABLE_STATISTICS

Job "SCOTTBACK"."SYS_IMPORT_FULL_01" completed with 2 error(s) at 19:39:20

其中，transform取值oid:n的含义就是对oid信息不进行加载，重新进行生成。数据表取值正确。

SQL> conn scottback/scottback@wilson;

Connected to Oracle Database 11g Enterprise Edition Release 11.2.0.1.0

Connected as scottback

SQL> select * from my_tabletype;

        XM TCHAR

---------- ----------

         1 df

4、结论

随着Oracle功能不断完善，很多新特性在exp/imp工具上已经不能支持。Oracle 10g下推出的Data Dump有很多功能，是我们可以进行借鉴使用的。

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