利用Java编写一个简单的图书馆管理系统？很多新手对此不是很清楚，为了帮助大家解决这个难题，下面小编将为大家详细讲解，有这方面需求的人可以来学习下，希望你能有所收获。
以下为小型图书馆管理系统模式图：
模式总体概述：
其中IBorrower接口确定Borrower类标准，Library类为单例设计模式，即图书馆只有一个。Book类为Borrower类的内部类，libraryBook类为Library类的内部类。最后利用PlatForm类进一步的封装。对于类方法中的核心，主要是数组的“增删查改”操作，本项目中三次运用了这些操作，分别在Borrower、Library、PlatForm类方法中。
IBorrower接口：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:08:48
* @author 一夜星尘
* @version 1.8.0
*/
// 图书借阅人标准
public interface IBorrower {
public abstract void borrowBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library libary);
public abstract void returnBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library libary);
}Borrower类：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:11:00
* @author 一夜星尘
* @version 1.8.0
*/
public class Borrower implements IBorrower{
protected String borrowerName;
protected long borrowerNumber;
private int booksNumber;
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS = 4; //最大借书容量
private Book[] books = new Book[MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS];
public Borrower(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
this.borrowerName = borrowerName;
this.borrowerNumber = borrowerNumber;
this.booksNumber = 0;
}
private class Book{
private String bookName;
private String bookAuthor;
private float bookPrice;
public Book(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice){
Book.this.bookName = bookName;
Book.this.bookAuthor = bookAuthor;
Book.this.bookPrice = bookPrice;
}
public String getName() {
return Book.this.bookName;
}
public String getAuthor() {
return Book.this.bookAuthor;
}
public float getPrice() {
return Book.this.bookPrice;
}
}
@Override
/**
* 借书操作
*/
public void borrowBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library library) {
if(booksNumber>=MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS) {
System.out.println("超过最大借书容量");
return;
}
books[booksNumber++] = new Book(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
// 移除图书馆书籍,更新图书馆信息
library.removeBook( bookName,bookAuthor, bookPrice);
}
@Override
/**
* 还书操作
*/
public void returnBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,Library library) {
// 前提是有书的情况下
if(booksNumber<=0) {
return;
}
int index = -1;
for(int i = 0 ; i < books.length ; i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor)
&& books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if(index < 0) {
System.out.println("你并没有该书籍");
return;
}
for(int i = 0; i < booksNumber-1 ; i++) {
if(i>=index) {
books[i] = books[i+1];
}
}
booksNumber --;
// 还入图书馆,更新图书馆信息
library.addBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 借书人信息
*/
public void borrowerInfo() {
int i = 0;
System.out.println("------------------------------借阅人信息------------------------------");
System.out.println("借阅人姓名："+this.borrowerName);
System.out.println("借阅人学号："+this.borrowerNumber);
for(;i < booksNumber ; i++) {
System.out.println("第"+(i+1)+"本书: ");
System.out.println("书籍名称："+books[i].getName());
System.out.println("书籍作者："+books[i].getAuthor());
System.out.println("书籍价格："+books[i].getPrice());
}
System.out.println("当前借阅书本数为: "+booksNumber+" 剩余容量为: "+(MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS-i));
System.out.println("------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
}Library类：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:32:42
* @author 一夜星尘
* @version 1.8.0
*/
public class Library {
private static final Library library = new Library();
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS = 120; // 图书馆最大书容量
private libraryBook[] books = new libraryBook[MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS];
protected static int booksNumber = 0;
// 无参构造函数私有化
private Library() {};
private class libraryBook{
private String bookName;
private String bookAuthor;
private float bookPrice;
public libraryBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice){
libraryBook.this.bookName = bookName;
libraryBook.this.bookAuthor = bookAuthor;
libraryBook.this.bookPrice = bookPrice;
}
public void setName(String bookName) {
libraryBook.this.bookName = bookName;
}
public void setAuthor(String bookAuthor) {
libraryBook.this.bookAuthor = bookAuthor;
}
public void setPrice(float bookPrice) {
libraryBook.this.bookPrice = bookPrice;
}
}
// 唯一返回的单例
static Library getLibrary() {
return library;
}
/**
* 增添书籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void addBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
if(booksNumber>=MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS) {
System.out.println("超过图书馆书籍最大容量");
return;
}
books[booksNumber++] = new libraryBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 删除书籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void removeBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
int index = -1;
for(int i = 0 ; i < booksNumber ; i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor) &&
books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if(index < 0) {
System.out.println("该图书未在库");
return;
}
for(int i = 0;i < booksNumber - 1;i++) {
if(index <= i) {
books[i] = books[i+1];
}
}
booksNumber --;
}
/**
* 查找书籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void checkBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
System.out.println("");
for(int i = 0 ; i<booksNumber ; i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor) &&
books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
System.out.println("状态：书籍在库");
return;
}
}
System.out.println("状态：书籍未在库");
System.out.println("");
}
/**
* 更改书籍信息
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void changeBook(String bookName, String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,String newBookName,
String newBookAuthor,float newBookPrice) {
for(int i = 0 ;i<booksNumber;i++) {
if(books[i].bookName.equals(bookName) && books[i].bookAuthor.equals(bookAuthor) &&
books[i].bookPrice == bookPrice) {
books[i].setName(newBookName);
books[i].setAuthor(newBookAuthor);
books[i].setPrice(newBookPrice);
break;
}
}
System.out.println("更改书籍完成");
}
/**
* 查看当前图书馆书籍信息
*/
public void booksInfo() {
System.out.println("-----------------------------图书馆书籍信息-----------------------------");
for(int i = 0 ; i<booksNumber;i++) {
System.out.println("在库书籍 "+(i+1)+" : ");
System.out.println("书籍名称："+books[i].bookName);
System.out.println("书籍作者："+books[i].bookAuthor);
System.out.println("书籍价格："+books[i].bookPrice);
}
System.out.println("在库书籍总数："+booksNumber+" 剩余可借阅书籍总数："+(MAX_NUMBER_OF_BOOKS-booksNumber));
System.out.println("--------------------------------------------------------------------------");
}
}PlatForm类：
// package com.wu.demo;
import java.util.Scanner;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 14:06:34
* @author 一夜星尘
* @version 1.8.0
*/
// 进一步封装
public class PlatForm {
private static final int MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS = 30; // 平台最多可注册30名借阅者
private Borrower[] borrowers = new Borrower[MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS];
private static int numberBorrowers = 0;
private Library library = Library.getLibrary();
public PlatForm() {
Scanner input = new Scanner(System.in);
// 初始化Borrower成员
System.out.println("-----------------------------初始化借阅人-----------------------------");
System.out.println("按任意键继续(按Q或q退出)：");
String exit = input.nextLine();
System.out.println("以下输入可借阅人员信息");
while(!exit.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) {
System.out.print("姓名 学号：");
String tempName = input.next();
long tempNumber = input.nextLong();
this.borrowers[numberBorrowers++] = new Borrower(tempName,tempNumber);
// 回车输入舍弃
input.nextLine();
System.out.println("按任意键继续(按Q或q退出)：");
exit = input.nextLine();
if(numberBorrowers >= MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS){
System.out.println("已达到最大注册量");
break;
}
}
// 初始化图书馆信息
System.out.println("---------------------------初始化图书馆图书信息------------------------");
System.out.println("按任意键继续(按Q或q退出)：");
exit = input.nextLine();
System.out.println("请输入原始书籍信息：");
while(!exit.equalsIgnoreCase("q")) {
System.out.print("书籍名称 作者 价格：");
String tempName = input.next();
String tempAuthor = input.next();
float tempPrice = input.nextFloat();
library.addBook(tempName,tempAuthor,tempPrice);
// 回车输入舍弃
input.nextLine();
System.out.println("按任意键继续(按Q或q退出)：");
exit = input.nextLine();
}
System.out.println("-----------------------------------------------------------------------");
input.close();
}
/**
* 平台管理：增添用户
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
*/
public void addClient(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
if(numberBorrowers >= MAX_NUMBER_OF_BORROWERS) {
System.out.println("用户容量已达最大值");
return;
}
this.borrowers[numberBorrowers++] = new Borrower(borrowerName,borrowerNumber);
System.out.println("增添用户操作成功");
}
/**
* 平台管理：移除用户
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
*/
public void removeClient(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
int index = -1;
for(int i = 0 ; i<numberBorrowers; i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
index = i;
break;
}
}
if(index<0) {
System.out.println("未找到用户");
return;
}
for(int i = 0 ; i < numberBorrowers-1;i++) {
if(index <= i) {
borrowers[i] = borrowers[i+1];
}
}
numberBorrowers--;
System.out.println("移除用户成功");
}
/**
* 相应借阅人的信息
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
*/
public void platformBorrowerInfo(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber) {
for(int i = 0 ; i<numberBorrowers;i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
borrowers[i].borrowerInfo();
return;
}
}
System.out.println("该用户不存在");
}
/**
* 相应借阅人借阅书籍
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformBorrowBook(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber,String bookName,String bookAuthor,
float bookPrice) {
for(int i = 0 ; i<borrowers.length;i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
borrowers[i].borrowBook(bookName,bookAuthor, bookPrice, this.library);
break;
}
}
}
/**
* 相应借阅人归还书籍
* @param borrowerName
* @param borrowerNumber
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformRrturnBook(String borrowerName,long borrowerNumber,String bookName,String bookAuthor,
float bookPrice){
for(int i = 0 ; i<borrowers.length;i++) {
if(borrowers[i].borrowerName.equals(borrowerName) && borrowers[i].borrowerNumber == borrowerNumber) {
borrowers[i].returnBook(bookName,bookAuthor, bookPrice, library);
break;
}
}
}
/**
* 输出图书馆信息
*/
public void platformLibraryInfo() {
library.booksInfo();
}
/**
* 对图书馆增添书籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryAddBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
library.addBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 对图书馆移除书籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryRemoveBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
library.removeBook(bookName,bookAuthor,bookPrice);
}
/**
* 对图书馆检索书籍
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryCheckBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice) {
library.checkBook(bookName, bookAuthor, bookPrice);
}
/**
* 对图书馆书籍更改
* @param bookName
* @param bookAuthor
* @param bookPrice
* @param newBookName
* @param newBookAuthor
* @param newBookPrice
*/
public void platformLibraryChangeBook(String bookName,String bookAuthor,float bookPrice,
String newBookName,String newBookAuthor,float newBookPrice) {
library.changeBook(bookName, bookAuthor, bookPrice,newBookName,newBookAuthor,newBookPrice);
}
}testDemo(测试)：
// package com.wu.demo;
/**
* @date 2020-10-30 10:51:21
* @author 一夜星尘
* @version 1.8.0
*/
public class testDemo {
public static void main(String[] args) {
PlatForm platform = new PlatForm();
// 以下为平台管理权限的测试
platform.addClient("张三", 100000L);
platform.addClient("李四", 100001L);
platform.addClient("王五", 100002L);
platform.addClient("赵六", 100003L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("张三",100000L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("李四",100000L); // 此时应该为不存在
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("王五",100002L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("赵六",100003L);
platform.removeClient("王五", 100002L);
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("王五",100002L); // 此时王五不是用户
//以下为图书馆和借阅人的测试
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("数据结构","匿名1",100.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("网络基础","匿名2",90.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("算法","匿名3",110.0F);
platform.platformLibraryInfo(); // 当前图书馆里只有3本书
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("java基础","匿名4",105.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("深度学习","匿名5",129.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("Linux基础","匿名6",104.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("matlab基础","匿名7",123.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("visual C++基础","匿名8",95.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("HTML CSS JS","匿名9",99.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("C++基础","匿名10",119.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("python基础","匿名11",108.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("数据库基础","匿名12",120.0F);
platform.platformLibraryAddBook("操作系统基础","匿名13",106.0F);
platform.platformLibraryInfo(); // 当前图书馆里有13本书
platform.platformLibraryRemoveBook("visual C++基础","匿名8",95.0F);
platform.platformLibraryInfo(); // 当前图书馆里有12本书
platform.platformLibraryRemoveBook("Linux基础" ,"匿名6", 104.0F); // 检索图书 Linux基础 状态
platform.platformLibraryChangeBook("python基础", "匿名11", 108.0F,"keras基础","匿名11",110.0F); // 变更图书馆书籍名称 python基础 为 keras基础
platform.platformBorrowBook("张三", 100000L, "java基础", "匿名4", 105.0F); // 用户 张三 借了书籍 java基础
platform.platformBorrowBook("张三", 100000L, "算法", "匿名3", 110.0F); // 用户 张三 又借了书籍 算法
platform.platformBorrowBook("张三", 100000L, "C++基础", "匿名10", 119.0F); // 用户 张三 又借了书籍 C++基础
platform.platformBorrowBook("张三", 100000L, "深度学习", "匿名5", 129.0F); // 用户 张三 又借了书籍 深度学习
platform.platformBorrowBook("赵六", 100003L, "网络基础", "匿名2", 84.0F); // 用户 赵六 借了书籍 网络基础
platform.platformBorrowBook("李四", 100001L, "HTML CSS JS", "匿名9", 119.0F); // 用户 李四 借了书籍 HTML CSS JS
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("张三", 100000L); // 查看用户 张三 借阅情况 当前用户 张三 有四本书
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("赵六", 100003L); // 查看用户 赵六 借阅情况 当前用户 赵六 有一本书
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("李四", 100001L); // 查看用户 李四 借阅情况 当前用户 李四 有一本书
platform.platformRrturnBook("张三", 100000L, "算法", "匿名3", 110.0F); // 用户 张三 还了书籍 算法
platform.platformRrturnBook("张三", 100000L, "深度学习", "匿名5", 129.0F); // 用户 张三 又还了书籍 深度学习
platform.platformBorrowerInfo("张三", 100000L); // 查看用户 张三 借阅情况 当前用户 张三 只有两本书
platform.platformLibraryRemoveBook("java基础" ,"匿名4", 105.0F); // 检索图书 java基础 状态 当前状态应该为 未在库
}
}测试结果显示：
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