怎么在ASP.NET MVC4中实现一个异步聊天室？针对这个问题，这篇文章详细介绍了相对应的分析和解答，希望可以帮助更多想解决这个问题的小伙伴找到更简单易行的方法。
Domain层
IChatRoom.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.Domain
{
public interface IChatRoom
{
void AddMessage(string message);
void AddParticipant(string name);
void GetMessages(
DateTime since,
Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime> callback);
void RemoveParticipant(string name);
}
}IMessageRepo.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.Domain
{
public interface IMessageRepo
{
DateTime Add(string message);
IEnumerable<string> GetSince(DateTime since);
}
}ICallbackQueue.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.Domain
{
public interface ICallbackQueue
{
void Enqueue(Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime> callback);
IEnumerable<Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime>> DequeueAll();
IEnumerable<Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime>> DequeueExpired(DateTime expiry);
}
}ChatRoom.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Threading;
using MvcAsyncChat.Svcs;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.Domain
{
public class ChatRoom : IChatRoom
{
readonly ICallbackQueue callbackQueue;
readonly IDateTimeSvc dateTimeSvc;
readonly IMessageRepo messageRepo;
public ChatRoom(
ICallbackQueue callbackQueue,
IDateTimeSvc dateTimeSvc,
IMessageRepo messageRepo)
{
this.callbackQueue = callbackQueue;
this.dateTimeSvc = dateTimeSvc;
this.messageRepo = messageRepo;
}
public void AddMessage(string message)
{
var timestamp = messageRepo.Add(message);
foreach (var callback in callbackQueue.DequeueAll())
callback(new[] { message }, timestamp);
}
public void AddParticipant(string name)
{
AddMessage(string.Format("{0} 已进入房间.", name));
}
public void GetMessages(
DateTime since,
Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime> callback)
{
var messages = messageRepo.GetSince(since);
if (messages.Count() > 0)
callback(messages, since);
else
callbackQueue.Enqueue(callback);
}
public void RemoveParticipant(string name)
{
AddMessage(string.Format("{0} left the room.", name));
}
}
}InMemMessageRepo.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.Domain
{
public class InMemMessageRepo : IMessageRepo
{
public InMemMessageRepo()
{
Messages = new List<Tuple<string, DateTime>>();
}
public IList<Tuple<string, DateTime>> Messages { get; private set; }
public DateTime Add(string message)
{
var timestamp = DateTime.UtcNow;
Messages.Add(new Tuple<string, DateTime>(message, timestamp));
return timestamp;
}
public IEnumerable<string> GetSince(DateTime since)
{
return Messages
.Where(x => x.Item2 > since)
.Select(x => x.Item1);
}
}
}CallbackQueue.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.Domain
{
public class CallbackQueue : ICallbackQueue
{
public CallbackQueue()
{
Callbacks = new Queue<Tuple<Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime>, DateTime>>();
}
public Queue<Tuple<Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime>, DateTime>> Callbacks { get; private set; }
public void Enqueue(Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime> callback)
{
Callbacks.Enqueue(new Tuple<Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime>, DateTime>(callback, DateTime.UtcNow));
}
public IEnumerable<Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime>> DequeueAll()
{
while (Callbacks.Count > 0)
yield return Callbacks.Dequeue().Item1;
}
public IEnumerable<Action<IEnumerable<string>, DateTime>> DequeueExpired(DateTime expiry)
{
if (Callbacks.Count == 0)
yield break;
var oldest = Callbacks.Peek();
while (Callbacks.Count > 0 && oldest.Item2 <= expiry)
{
yield return Callbacks.Dequeue().Item1;
if (Callbacks.Count > 0)
oldest = Callbacks.Peek();
}
}
}
}RequestModels文件夹实体类
EnterRequest.cs
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.RequestModels
{
public class EnterRequest
{
[DisplayName("名称")]
[Required, StringLength(16), RegularExpression(@"^[A-Za-z0-9_\ -]+$", ErrorMessage="A name must be alpha-numeric.")]
public string Name { get; set; }
}
}GetMessagesRequest.cs
using System;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.RequestModels
{
public class GetMessagesRequest
{
public string since { get; set; }
}
}SayRequest.cs
using System;
using System.ComponentModel;
using System.ComponentModel.DataAnnotations;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.RequestModels
{
public class SayRequest
{
[Required, StringLength(1024), DataType(DataType.MultilineText)]
public string Text { get; set; }
}
}ResponseModels文件夹实体类
GetMessagesResponse.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.ResponseModels
{
public class GetMessagesResponse
{
public string error { get; set; }
public IEnumerable<string> messages { get; set; }
public string since { get; set; }
}
}SayResponse.cs
using System;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.ResponseModels
{
public class SayResponse
{
public string error { get; set; }
}
}ChatController.cs
using System;
using System.Collections.Generic;
using System.Linq;
using System.Web;
using System.Web.Mvc;
using System.Web.Mvc.Async;
using MvcAsyncChat.Domain;
using MvcAsyncChat.RequestModels;
using MvcAsyncChat.ResponseModels;
using MvcAsyncChat.Svcs;
namespace MvcAsyncChat.Controllers
{
public class ChatController : AsyncController
{
readonly IAuthSvc authSvc;
readonly IChatRoom chatRoom;
readonly IDateTimeSvc dateTimeSvc;
public ChatController(
IAuthSvc authSvc,
IChatRoom chatRoom,
IDateTimeSvc dateTimeSvc)
{
this.authSvc = authSvc;
this.chatRoom = chatRoom;
this.dateTimeSvc = dateTimeSvc;
}
[ActionName("enter"), HttpGet]
public ActionResult ShowEnterForm()
{
if (User.Identity.IsAuthenticated)
return RedirectToRoute(RouteName.Room);
return View();
}
[ActionName("enter"), HttpPost]
public ActionResult EnterRoom(EnterRequest enterRequest)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
return View(enterRequest);
authSvc.Authenticate(enterRequest.Name);
chatRoom.AddParticipant(enterRequest.Name);
return RedirectToRoute(RouteName.Room);
}
[ActionName("room"), HttpGet, Authorize]
public ActionResult ShowRoom()
{
return View();
}
[ActionName("leave"), HttpGet, Authorize]
public ActionResult LeaveRoom()
{
authSvc.Unauthenticate();
chatRoom.RemoveParticipant(User.Identity.Name);
return RedirectToRoute(RouteName.Enter);
}
[HttpPost, Authorize]
public ActionResult Say(SayRequest sayRequest)
{
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
return Json(new SayResponse() { error = "该请求无效." });
chatRoom.AddMessage(User.Identity.Name+" 说:"+sayRequest.Text);
return Json(new SayResponse());
}
[ActionName("messages"), HttpPost, Authorize]
public void GetMessagesAsync(GetMessagesRequest getMessagesRequest)
{
AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Increment();
if (!ModelState.IsValid)
{
AsyncManager.Parameters["error"] = "The messages request was invalid.";
AsyncManager.Parameters["since"] = null;
AsyncManager.Parameters["messages"] = null;
AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement();
return;
}
var since = dateTimeSvc.GetCurrentDateTimeAsUtc();
if (!string.IsNullOrEmpty(getMessagesRequest.since))
since = DateTime.Parse(getMessagesRequest.since).ToUniversalTime();
chatRoom.GetMessages(since, (newMessages, timestamp) =>
{
AsyncManager.Parameters["error"] = null;
AsyncManager.Parameters["since"] = timestamp;
AsyncManager.Parameters["messages"] = newMessages;
AsyncManager.OutstandingOperations.Decrement();
});
}
public ActionResult GetMessagesCompleted(
string error,
DateTime? since,
IEnumerable<string> messages)
{
if (!string.IsNullOrWhiteSpace(error))
return Json(new GetMessagesResponse() { error = error });
var data = new GetMessagesResponse();
data.since = since.Value.ToString("o");
data.messages = messages;
return Json(data);
}
}
}room.js
var since = "",
errorCount = 0,
MAX_ERRORS = 6;
function addMessage(message, type) {
$("#messagesSection > td").append("<div class='" + (type || "") + "'>" + message + "</div>")
}
function showError(error) {
addMessage(error.toString(), "error");
}
function onSayFailed(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
showError("An unanticipated error occured during the say request: " + textStatus + "; " + errorThrown);
}
function onSay(data) {
if (data.error) {
showError("An error occurred while trying to say your message: " + data.error);
return;
}
}
function setSayHandler() {
$("#Text").keypress(function (e) {
if (e.keyCode == 13) {
$("#sayForm").submit();
$("#Text").val("");
return false;
}
});
}
function retryGetMessages() {
if (++errorCount > MAX_ERRORS) {
showError("There have been too many errors. Please leave the chat room and re-enter.");
}
else {
setTimeout(function () {
getMessages();
}, Math.pow(2, errorCount) * 1000);
}
}
function onMessagesFailed(XMLHttpRequest, textStatus, errorThrown) {
showError("An unanticipated error occured during the messages request: " + textStatus + "; " + errorThrown);
retryGetMessages();
}
function onMessages(data, textStatus, XMLHttpRequest) {
if (data.error) {
showError("An error occurred while trying to get messages: " + data.error);
retryGetMessages();
return;
}
errorCount = 0;
since = data.since;
for (var n = 0; n < data.messages.length; n++)
addMessage(data.messages[n]);
setTimeout(function () {
getMessages();
}, 0);
}
function getMessages() {
$.ajax({
cache: false,
type: "POST",
dataType: "json",
url: "/messages",
data: { since: since },
error: onMessagesFailed,
success: onMessages,
timeout: 100000
});
}Chat视图文件夹
Enter.cshtml
@model MvcAsyncChat.RequestModels.EnterRequest
@{
View.Title = "Enter";
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
@section Head {}
<tr id="enterSection">
<td>
<h3>[MVC聊天]是使用ASP.NET MVC 3的异步聊天室
<table>
<tr>
<td class="form-container">
<fieldset>
<legend>进入聊天室</legend>
@using(Html.BeginForm()) {
@Html.EditorForModel()
<input type="submit" value="Enter" />
}
</fieldset>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</td>
</tr>
@section PostScript {
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#Name").focus();
});
</script>
}Room.cshtml
@using MvcAsyncChat;
@using MvcAsyncChat.RequestModels;
@model SayRequest
@{
View.Title = "Room";
Layout = "~/Views/Shared/_Layout.cshtml";
}
@section Head {
<script src="@Url.Content("~/Scripts/room.js")"></script>
}
<tr id="messagesSection">
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr id="actionsSection">
<td>
<label for="actionsList">操作:</label>
<ul id="actionsList">
<li>@Html.RouteLink("离开房间", RouteName.Leave)</li>
</ul>
@using (Ajax.BeginForm("say", new { }, new AjaxOptions() {
OnFailure = "onSayFailed",
OnSuccess = "onSay",
HttpMethod = "POST", }, new { id = "sayForm"})) {
@Html.EditorForModel()
}
</td>
</tr>
@section PostScript {
<script>
$(document).ready(function() {
$("#Text").attr("placeholder", "你说:");
$("#Text").focus();
setSayHandler();
getMessages();
});
</script>
}关于怎么在ASP.NET MVC4中实现一个异步聊天室问题的解答就分享到这里了，希望以上内容可以对大家有一定的帮助，如果你还有很多疑惑没有解开，可以关注亿速云行业资讯频道了解更多相关知识。
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