实验环境：
| IP地址 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| 192.168.5.181 | CentOS7系统，base源安装好了mariadb,作为ftp服务端，作为认证服务端 |
| 192.168.5.121 | CentOS6系统，作为ftp客户端 |
认证模块pam_mysql.so的安装
需要从网上下载pam_mysql.so的源码包，pam_mysql-0.7RC1.tar.gz
在解压安装之前，确保在CentOS7上面的开发组包已经安装，如果没有安装，则需要运行如下命令：
$ yum groupinstall "Development Tools" -y
之后安装mariadb和pam的开发包：
$ yum install mariadb-devel pam-devel -y
解压pam_mysql的源码包，进入源码目录，进行编译安装。其中–with-mysql引用了mariadb的头文件以及lib，–with-pam引用了pam的头文件以及lib。–with-pam-mods-dir指明将模块安装的位置。
$ ./configure --with-mysql=/usr --with-pam=/usr --with-pam-mods-dir=/usr/lib64/security $ make $ make install
安装完毕之后，在/usr/lib64/security目录下面，可以查看到新的pam_mysql.so模块。
$ ls /usr/lib64/security/ | grep mysql.so pam_mysql.so
mariadb创建数据
下面规划一下mariadb里面的用户。建立一个名为vsftpd的数据库，在这个数据库里面建立一个名为auth的数据表，在数据表里面建立两个用户作为vsftpd的虚拟用户：user1，密码为user1；user2，密码为user2。密码采用mysql自带的PASSWORD()函数进行加密。使用名为vsftpd@’127.0.0.1’的用户进行登录查询，只授予该用户select权限，登录密码为vsftpd。建立之后的结果如下：
Welcome to the MariaDB monitor. Commands end with ; or \g. Your MariaDB connection id is 3 Server version: 5.5.44-MariaDB MariaDB Server Copyright (c) 2000, 2015, Oracle, MariaDB Corporation Ab and others. Type 'help;' or '\h' for help. Type '\c' to clear the current input statement. MariaDB [(none)]> use vsftpd; Reading table information for completion of table and column names You can turn off this feature to get a quicker startup with -A Database changed MariaDB [vsftpd]> show tables; +------------------+ | Tables_in_vsftpd | +------------------+ | auth | +------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [vsftpd]> desc auth; +----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | Field | Type | Null | Key | Default | Extra | +----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ | name | char(20) | YES | | NULL | | | password | char(100) | YES | | NULL | | +----------+-----------+------+-----+---------+-------+ 2 rows in set (0.01 sec) MariaDB [vsftpd]> select * from auth; +-------+-------------------------------------------+ | name | password | +-------+-------------------------------------------+ | user1 | *34D3B87A652E7F0D1D371C3DBF28E291705468C4 | | user2 | *12A20BE57AF67CBF230D55FD33FBAF5230CFDBC4 | +-------+-------------------------------------------+ 2 rows in set (0.00 sec) MariaDB [vsftpd]> select host,user,password from mysql.user where user='vsftpd'; +-----------+--------+-------------------------------------------+ | host | user | password | +-----------+--------+-------------------------------------------+ | 127.0.0.1 | vsftpd | *653E55BC34328FD9504096B9DFB2434DE24AAE86 | +-----------+--------+-------------------------------------------+ 1 row in set (0.00 sec)
建立来宾账户
所有mysql里面存储的虚拟用户在登录之后都会被映射为本地的来宾用户，这里建立一个名为vuser的来宾账户，家目录为/ftproot/vuser，修改其权限为544，即去除所有的’写’权限。在里面新建一个pub目录，用setfacl给pub目录赋予vuser用户的读写执行权限。
$ mkdir ftproot $ cd ftproot $ useradd -d /ftproot/vuser vuser $ chmod 544 /ftproot/vuser $ mkdir /ftproot/vuser/pub $ setfacl -m u:vuser:rwx /ftproot/vuser/pub
配置pam文件
新建一个/etc/pam.d/ftp-mysql的文件，在里面添加两行如下内容，详细的配置项，请参见pam_mysql.so源码包里面的README文档：
auth required /usr/lib64/security/pam_mysql.so user=vsftpd passwd=vsftpd host=127.0.0.1 db=vsftpd table=auth usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=password crypt=2 account required /usr/lib64/security/pam_mysql.so user=vsftpd passwd=vsftpd host=127.0.0.1 db=vsftpd table=auth usercolumn=name passwdcolumn=password crypt=2
配置vsftpd.conf文件
新建一个vsftpd.conf文件，配置如下所示。注意pam_service_name由默认的vsftpd替换为刚才建立的ftp-mysql，启用来宾账户guest_enable=YES，使用来宾账户vuser，并且配置虚拟用户user1和user2的权限文件到/etc/vsftpd/vusers_config目录下面：
anonymous_enable=YES local_enable=YES write_enable=YES local_umask=022 dirmessage_enable=YES xferlog_enable=YES connect_from_port_20=YES xferlog_std_format=YES listen=NO listen_ipv6=YES pam_service_name=ftp-mysql userlist_enable=YES tcp_wrappers=YES guest_enable=YES guest_username=vuser user_config_dir=/etc/vsftpd/vusers_config/
/etc/vsftpd/vusers_config目录下面的user1和user2的权限配置如下所示，给予user1上传的权限，但是给予user2上传、删除目录、删除文件的权限。配置完毕后，用systemctl start mariadb.service vsftpd.service命令重启mariadb和vsftpd服务：
$ cat /etc/vsftpd/vusers_config/user1 anon_upload_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=NO $ cat /etc/vsftpd/vusers_config/user2 anon_upload_enable=YES anon_mkdir_write_enable=YES anon_other_write_enable=YES
客户端测试
在客户端上面，确保安装了ftp客户端工具：
yum install ftp
利用上述工具和服务端进行通信，对user1进行测试，可以看到，登录成功，并且user1有上传的权限，但是并没有删除的权限：
$ ftp 192.168.5.181 Connected to 192.168.5.181 (192.168.5.181). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.5.181:root): user1 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,187,35). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwxrwxr-x 2 0 0 6 Jun 05 18:33 pub 226 Directory send OK. ftp> cd pub 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,180,167). 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp> lcd /etc Local directory now /etc ftp> put hosts local: hosts remote: hosts 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,142,11). 150 Ok to send data. 226 Transfer complete. 256 bytes sent in 0.000155 secs (1651.61 Kbytes/sec) ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,108,36). 150 Here comes the directory listing. -rw------- 1 1001 1001 256 Jun 06 05:06 hosts 226 Directory send OK. ftp> delete hosts 550 Permission denied. ftp> exit 221 Goodbye.
下面对user2进行测试，可以看到，user2登录成功，并且有上传权限，删除权限，创建目录的权限。：
$ ftp 192.168.5.181 Connected to 192.168.5.181 (192.168.5.181). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.5.181:root): user2 331 Please specify the password. Password: 230 Login successful. Remote system type is UNIX. Using binary mode to transfer files. ftp> cd pub 250 Directory successfully changed. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,96,57). 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp> lcd /etc Local directory now /etc ftp> put hosts local: hosts remote: hosts 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,36,41). 150 Ok to send data. 226 Transfer complete. 256 bytes sent in 0.000145 secs (1765.52 Kbytes/sec) ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,141,235). 150 Here comes the directory listing. -rw------- 1 1001 1001 256 Jun 06 05:10 hosts 226 Directory send OK. ftp> delete hosts 250 Delete operation successful. ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,56,230). 150 Here comes the directory listing. 226 Directory send OK. ftp> mkdir dir 257 "/pub/dir" created ftp> ls 227 Entering Passive Mode (192,168,5,181,208,106). 150 Here comes the directory listing. drwx------ 2 1001 1001 6 Jun 06 05:10 dir 226 Directory send OK.
下面对于系统用户ftpuser以及一个不存在的用户abc进行登录测试，发现无法登录，证明只用mysql数据库里面存在的用户才能够进行认证：
$ ftp 192.168.5.181 Connected to 192.168.5.181 (192.168.5.181). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.5.181:root): ftpuser 331 Please specify the password. Password: 530 Login incorrect. Login failed. $ ftp 192.168.5.181 Connected to 192.168.5.181 (192.168.5.181). 220 (vsFTPd 3.0.2) Name (192.168.5.181:root): abc 331 Please specify the password. Password: 530 Login incorrect. Login failed. ftp>
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