下文内容主要给大家带来安装MySQL-5.5.49流程及配置多实例，所讲到的知识，与书籍略有不同，都是亿速云专业技术人员在与用户接触过程中，总结出来的，具有一定的经验分享价值，希望给广大读者带来帮助。
安装MySQL-5.5.49
安装包的获取：http://mirrors.sohu.com/mysql/
# 安装MySQL需要的依赖包 yum install ncurses-devel libaio-devel -y rpm -qa ncurses-devel libaio-devel # 安装编译MySQL需要的软件 yum install cmake -y rpm -qa cmake # 创建用户 useradd mysql -u 777 -s /sbin/nologin -M id mysql
上传MySQL包，解压
mkdir -p /home/oldboy/tools cd /home/oldboy/tools rz -y #mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz ll -sh tar xf mysql-5.5.49.tar.gz cd mysql-5.5.49
编译安装
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/application/mysql-5.5.49 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/data \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/application/mysql-5.5.49/tmp/mysql.sock \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DEXTRA_CHARSETS=gbk,gb2312,utf8,ascii \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=ON \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FEDERATED_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITHOUT_EXAMPLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITHOUT_PARTITION_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_FAST_MUTEXES=1 \ -DWITH_ZLIB=bundled \ -DENABLED_LOCAL_INFILE=1 \ -DWITH_READLINE=1 \ -DWITH_EMBEDDED_SERVER=1 \ -DWITH_DEBUG=0 make && make install && echo $? cd ..
创建软链接
ln -s /application/mysql-5.5.49/ /application/mysql
配置多实例
创建数据库文件目录，配置文件
mkdir -p /data/{3306,3307}/data
touch /data/{3306,3307}/{mysql,my.cnf}tree /data/ /data/ ├── 3306#<==实例3306 │ ├── data#<==3306数据库文件目录 │ ├── my.cnf#<==3306配置文件 │ └── mysql#<==3306启动脚本 └── 3307#<==实例3307 ├── data#<==3307数据库文件目录 ├── my.cnf#<==3307配置文件 └── mysql#<==3307启动脚本
实例3306配置文件
vim /data/3306/my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3306 socket = /data/3306/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3306/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3306/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3306/slow.log pid-file = /data/3306/mysql.pid log-bin = /data/3306/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3306/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3306/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 1 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3306/mysql_oldboy3306.err pid-file=/data/3306/mysqld.pid
实例3307配置文件
vim /data/3307/my.cnf [client] port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock [mysql] no-auto-rehash [mysqld] user = mysql port = 3307 socket = /data/3307/mysql.sock basedir = /application/mysql datadir = /data/3307/data open_files_limit = 1024 back_log = 600 max_connections = 800 max_connect_errors = 3000 table_cache = 614 external-locking = FALSE max_allowed_packet =8M sort_buffer_size = 1M join_buffer_size = 1M thread_cache_size = 100 thread_concurrency = 2 query_cache_size = 2M query_cache_limit = 1M query_cache_min_res_unit = 2k #default_table_type = InnoDB thread_stack = 192K #transaction_isolation = READ-COMMITTED tmp_table_size = 2M max_heap_table_size = 2M #long_query_time = 1 #log_long_format #log-error = /data/3307/error.log #log-slow-queries = /data/3307/slow.log pid-file = /data/3307/mysql.pid #log-bin = /data/3307/mysql-bin relay-log = /data/3307/relay-bin relay-log-info-file = /data/3307/relay-log.info binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_cache_size = 1M max_binlog_size = 2M expire_logs_days = 7 key_buffer_size = 16M read_buffer_size = 1M read_rnd_buffer_size = 1M bulk_insert_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_sort_buffer_size = 1M #myisam_max_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_max_extra_sort_file_size = 10G #myisam_repair_threads = 1 #myisam_recover lower_case_table_names = 1 skip-name-resolve slave-skip-errors = 1032,1062 replicate-ignore-db=mysql server-id = 3 innodb_additional_mem_pool_size = 4M innodb_buffer_pool_size = 32M innodb_data_file_path = ibdata1:128M:autoextend innodb_file_io_threads = 4 innodb_thread_concurrency = 8 innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit = 2 innodb_log_buffer_size = 2M innodb_log_file_size = 4M innodb_log_files_in_group = 3 innodb_max_dirty_pages_pct = 90 innodb_lock_wait_timeout = 120 innodb_file_per_table = 0 [mysqldump] quick max_allowed_packet = 2M [mysqld_safe] log-error=/data/3307/mysql_oldboy3307.err pid-file=/data/3307/mysqld.pid
实例3306启动脚本
vim /data/3306/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09
#oldboy QQ:31333741
#site:http://www.etiantian.org
#blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
#oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307 44246017
################################################
#init
port=3306
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac实例3307启动脚本
vim /data/3307/mysql
#!/bin/sh
################################################
#this scripts is created by oldboy at 2007-06-09
#oldboy QQ:31333741
#site:http://www.etiantian.org
#blog:http://oldboy.blog.51cto.com
#oldboy trainning QQ group: 208160987 226199307 44246017
################################################
#init
port=3307
mysql_user="root"
mysql_pwd="oldboy"
CmdPath="/application/mysql/bin"
mysql_sock="/data/${port}/mysql.sock"
#startup function
function_start_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "Starting MySQL...\n"
/bin/sh ${CmdPath}/mysqld_safe --defaults-file=/data/${port}/my.cnf 2>&1 > /dev/null &
else
printf "MySQL is running...\n"
exit
fi
}
#stop function
function_stop_mysql()
{
if [ ! -e "$mysql_sock" ];then
printf "MySQL is stopped...\n"
exit
else
printf "Stoping MySQL...\n"
${CmdPath}/mysqladmin -u ${mysql_user} -p${mysql_pwd} -S /data/${port}/mysql.sock shutdown
fi
}
#restart function
function_restart_mysql()
{
printf "Restarting MySQL...\n"
function_stop_mysql
sleep 2
function_start_mysql
}
case $1 in
start)
function_start_mysql
;;
stop)
function_stop_mysql
;;
restart)
function_restart_mysql
;;
*)
printf "Usage: /data/${port}/mysql {start|stop|restart}\n"
esac修改启动脚本的权限
find /data -type f -name "mysql"|xargs chmod 700
授权mysql用户管理/data目录
chown -R mysql.mysql /data
初使化数据库
cd /application/mysql/scripts/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3306/data/ ./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3307/data/
启动多实例，加入开机自启动
/data/3306/mysql start /data/3307/mysql start netstat -tunlp |grep 330
# echo命令的 -e参数处理特殊字符；\n 换行且光标移至行首 echo -e "\n##mysql multi instance\n/data/3306/mysql start\n/data/3307/mysql start">>/etc/rc.local
tail -3 /etc/rc.local ##mysql multi instance /data/3306/mysql start /data/3307/mysql start
设置环境变量
方法一：将mysql的相关命令放入到已经是环境变量的目录下（推荐！！）
cp /application/mysql/bin/* /usr/local/bin/
方法二
export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH echo 'export PATH=/application/mysql-5.5.49/bin/:$PATH' >>/etc/profile tail -1 /etc/profile source /etc/profile echo $PATH
登录与退出多实例
多实例的登录(无密码)
mysql -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysql -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
退出登录（4种）
mysql> exit mysql> quit mysql> Ctrl + c mysql> Ctrl + d
设置密码
mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
更改密码为：oldboy456
mysqladmin -uroot -poldboy123 password 'oldboy456' -S /data/3306/mysql.sock
多实例的登录(有密码)
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3307/mysql.sock
再加一个实例3308
mkdir /data/3308/data -p
cp /data/3306/{my.cnf,mysql} /data/3308/
sed -i 's#3306#3308#g' /data/3308/{my.cnf,mysql}
sed -i 's#server-id = 1#server-id = 8#g' /data/3308/my.cnf
chown -R mysql.mysql /data/3308
chmod 700 /data/3308/mysql
cd /application/mysql-5.5.49/scripts/
./mysql_install_db --user=mysql --basedir=/application/mysql --datadir=/data/3308/data/
/data/3308/mysql start
echo "/data/3308/mysql start" >>/etc/rc.local
netstat -tunpl |grep 330
mysql -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
mysqladmin -uroot password 'oldboy123' -S /data/3308/mysql.sock
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3308/mysql.sockMySQL多实例优化
清理无用的MySQL库（3306）
mysql -uroot -poldboy123 -S /data/3306/mysql.sock drop database test; show databases;
清理无用的MySQL用户
select user,host from mysql.user; drop user "root"@"::1"; drop user " "@"db02"; drop user "root"@"db02"; drop user " "@"localhost";
故障：drop命令删除不了用户
可能是大写及Linux主机名导致的，注意：删除用户尽量用drop命令，不要用delete命令
解决方法如下：
delete from mysql.user where user='' and host='S1'; delete from mysql.user where user='root' and host='S1';
刷新权限
刷新权限，使更改立马生效
flush privileges;
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