Spark组件Spark SQL的实例分析

Spark组件Spark SQL的实例分析，很多新手对此不是很清楚，为了帮助大家解决这个难题，下面小编将为大家详细讲解，有这方面需求的人可以来学习下，希望你能有所收获。

DataFrame是DataSet以命名列方式组织的分布式数据集，类似于RDBMS中的表，或者R和Python中的 data frame。DataFrame API支持Scala、Java、Python、R。在Scala API中，DataFrame变成类型为Row的Dataset：

type DataFrame = Dataset[Row]。

以加载json和mysql为例：

val ds = sparkSession.read.json("/路径/people.json")

val ds = sparkSession.read.format("jdbc")
.options(Map("url" -> "jdbc:mysql://ip:port/db",
"driver" -> "com.mysql.jdbc.Driver",
"dbtable" -> "tableName", "user" -> "root", "root" -> "123")).load()

1.定义一个case class，利用反射机制来推断

1) 从HDFS中加载文件为普通RDD
val lineRDD = sparkContext.textFile("hdfs://ip:port/person.txt").map(_.split(" "))

2) 定义case class（相当于表的schema）
case class Person(id:Int, name:String, age:Int)

3) 将RDD和case class关联
val personRDD = lineRDD.map(x => Person(x(0).toInt, x(1), x(2).toInt))

4) 将RDD转换成DataFrame
val ds= personRDD.toDF

2.手动定义一个schema StructType，直接指定在RDD上

val schemaString ="name age"

val schema =  StructType(schemaString.split(" ").map(fieldName => StructField(fieldName, StringType, true)))

val rowRdd = peopleRdd.map(p=>Row(p(0),p(1)))

val ds = sparkSession.createDataFrame(rowRdd,schema)

注意：直接使用col方法需要import org.apache.spark.sql.functions._

//查询年龄最大的前两名

首先要获取Spark SQL编程"入口"：SparkSession（当然在早期版本中大家可能更熟悉的是SQLContext，如果是操作hive则为HiveContext）。这里以读取parquet为例：

在项目pom文件中引入相关驱动包，跟访问mysql等jdbc数据源类似。示例：

Class.forName("org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver")
val conn = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hive2://ip:port", "root", "123");
try {
  val stat = conn.createStatement()
  val res = stat.executeQuery("select * from people limit 1")
  while (res.next()) {
    println(res.getString("name"))
  }
} catch {
  case e: Exception => e.printStackTrace()
} finally{
  if(conn!=null) conn.close()
}

Spark SQL 获取Hive数据

<property>

<name>hive.metastore.uris</name>

<value>thrift://ip:port</value>

最后，将hive-site.xml复制或者软链到$SPARK_HOME/conf/。如果hive的元数据存储在mysql中，那么需要将mysql的连接驱动jar包如mysql-connector-java-5.1.12.jar放到$SPARK_HOME/lib/下，启动spark-sql即可操作hive中的库和表。而此时使用hive元数据获取SparkSession的方式为：

val spark = SparkSession.builder()

val udf_str_length = udf{(str:String) => str.length}
spark.udf.register("str_length",udf_str_length)
val ds =sparkSession.read.json("路径/people.json")
ds.createOrReplaceTempView("people")
sparkSession.sql("select str_length(address) from people")

import org.apache.spark.sql.{Row, SparkSession}
import org.apache.spark.sql.expressions.MutableAggregationBuffer
import org.apache.spark.sql.expressions.UserDefinedAggregateFunction
import org.apache.spark.sql.types._

object MyAverage extends UserDefinedAggregateFunction {
  // Data types of input arguments of this aggregate function
  def inputSchema: StructType = StructType(StructField("inputColumn", LongType) :: Nil)
  // Data types of values in the aggregation buffer
  def bufferSchema: StructType = {
    StructType(StructField("sum", LongType) :: StructField("count", LongType) :: Nil)
  }
  // The data type of the returned value
  def dataType: DataType = DoubleType
  // Whether this function always returns the same output on the identical input
  def deterministic: Boolean = true
  // Initializes the given aggregation buffer. The buffer itself is a `Row` that in addition to
  // standard methods like retrieving a value at an index (e.g., get(), getBoolean()), provides
  // the opportunity to update its values. Note that arrays and maps inside the buffer are still
  // immutable.
  def initialize(buffer: MutableAggregationBuffer): Unit = {
    buffer(0) = 0L
    buffer(1) = 0L
  }
  // Updates the given aggregation buffer `buffer` with new input data from `input`
  def update(buffer: MutableAggregationBuffer, input: Row): Unit = {
    if (!input.isNullAt(0)) {
      buffer(0) = buffer.getLong(0) + input.getLong(0)
      buffer(1) = buffer.getLong(1) + 1
    }
  }
  // Merges two aggregation buffers and stores the updated buffer values back to `buffer1`
  def merge(buffer1: MutableAggregationBuffer, buffer2: Row): Unit = {
    buffer1(0) = buffer1.getLong(0) + buffer2.getLong(0)
    buffer1(1) = buffer1.getLong(1) + buffer2.getLong(1)
  }
  // Calculates the final result
  def evaluate(buffer: Row): Double = buffer.getLong(0).toDouble / buffer.getLong(1)
}

// Register the function to access it
spark.udf.register("myAverage", MyAverage)

val df = spark.read.json("examples/src/main/resources/employees.json")
df.createOrReplaceTempView("employees")
df.show()
val result = spark.sql("SELECT myAverage(salary) as average_salary FROM employees")
result.show()

Aggregator

import org.apache.spark.sql.{Encoder, Encoders, SparkSession}
import org.apache.spark.sql.expressions.Aggregator

case class Employee(name: String, salary: Long)
case class Average(var sum: Long, var count: Long)

object MyAverage extends Aggregator[Employee, Average, Double] {
  // A zero value for this aggregation. Should satisfy the property that any b + zero = b
  def zero: Average = Average(0L, 0L)
  // Combine two values to produce a new value. For performance, the function may modify `buffer`
  // and return it instead of constructing a new object
  def reduce(buffer: Average, employee: Employee): Average = {
    buffer.sum += employee.salary
    buffer.count += 1
    buffer
  }
  // Merge two intermediate values
  def merge(b1: Average, b2: Average): Average = {
    b1.sum += b2.sum
    b1.count += b2.count
    b1
  }
  // Transform the output of the reduction
  def finish(reduction: Average): Double = reduction.sum.toDouble / reduction.count
  // Specifies the Encoder for the intermediate value type
  def bufferEncoder: Encoder[Average] = Encoders.product
  // Specifies the Encoder for the final output value type
  def outputEncoder: Encoder[Double] = Encoders.scalaDouble
}

val ds = spark.read.json("examples/src/main/resources/employees.json").as[Employee]
ds.show()
// Convert the function to a `TypedColumn` and give it a name
val averageSalary = MyAverage.toColumn.name("average_salary")
val result = ds.select(averageSalary)
result.show()

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