Cisco AnyConnect如何通过FreeRADIUS集成域账号和完成Google MFA认证

实验目的：用户使用Cisco AnyConnect拨号时，输入AD账号密码和Google动态码后通过认证，获得授权。Cisco ASA指向FreeRADIUS做认证，FreeRADIUS联动AD和google_authenticator。

一、环境介绍

• 拓扑图

• 实验环境CentOS8有两块网卡，一块网卡用于访问Internet，一块网卡位于防火墙inside区域。
• 这里使用CentOS8（CentOS7也可以）安装FreeRADIUS和Google Authenticator。Windows Server 2016安装AD服务，AD安装过程这里不做介绍。需要用户在手机上安装Google-Authenticator APP。
• 用户使用AnyConnect拨号，输入用户名和密码，密码框输入密码+动态码，实现AD账号+动态码双因素认证。

二、CentOS8 环境设置

• 系统更新

  [root@centos8 ~]# yum update

• 修改时区

  [root@centos8 /]# ln -sf /usr/share/zoneinfo/Asia/Shanghai /etc/localtime

• 查看时间是否正确

  [root@centos8 /]#ll /etc/localtime

• 关闭SElinux，临时关闭和永久关闭。

  [root@centos8 ~]# setenforce 0
  [root@centos8 ~]# sed -i 's/=enforcing/=permissive/g' /etc/selinux/config

• 查看SElinux状态。

  [root@centos8 ~]# getenforce
  Permissive

• 关闭防火墙(可选)，本次实验未关闭防火墙。

  [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl stop firewalld.service
  [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl disable firewalld.service

三、FreeRADIUS 安装及配置

3.1 FreeRADIUS安装

• 安装FreeRADIUS

  [root@centos8 ~]# yum install freeradius freeradius-utils

• 启动radius服务

  [root@centos8 ~]# systemctl enable --now radiusd.service

• 防火墙放行radius

  [root@centos8 ~]# firewall-cmd --add-service=radius --permanent
  [root@centos8 ~]# firewall-cmd --reload

3.2 FreeRADIUS修改配置文件

• 由于FreeRadius必须有权访问所有用户目录中的.google_authenticator令牌，因此它必须具有root权限。

[root@centos8 ~]# vi /etc/raddb/radiusd.conf

        #user = radiusd
        #group = radiusd
        user = root
        group = root

• 取消pam的注释，radius激活PAM（Pluggable Authentication Modules）可动态加载验证模块。

[root@centos8 ~]#  vi /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default

        pam

• 激活pam，radius pam模块默认没有激活。

[root@centos8 ~]#  ln -s /etc/raddb/mods-available/pam /etc/raddb/mods-enabled/pam

• 编辑/etc/raddb/clients.conf配置文件，接受来Cisco ASAv的radius认证请求。在行末添加防火墙的与共享密钥和ip地址。

[root@centos8 ~]# vi /etc/raddb/clients.conf

client 192.168.1.254 {
 secret = cisco
 shortname = CiscoASA
 nastype = cisco
}

3.3 FreeRADIUS 服务测试

• 新建用户组，如果你需要拒绝用户访问，可以将用户加入到这个组。

[root@centos8 ~]# groupadd radius-disabled

• 编辑/etc/raddb/users将创建的“radius-disabled”组添加到“拒绝用户组”部分。

[root@centos8 ~]# vi /etc/raddb/users

#DEFAULT        Group == "disabled", Auth-Type := Reject
#               Reply-Message = "Your account has been disabled."

DEFAULT         Group == "radius-disabled", Auth-Type := Reject
                Reply-Message = "Your account has been disabled."
DEFAULT         Auth-Type := PAM

• CentOS新建本地账号测试radius服务。

[root@centos8 ~]# useradd radlocal
[root@centos8 ~]# passwd radlocal
更改用户 radlocal 的密码 。
新的 密码：radpassword
重新输入新的 密码：radpassword
passwd：所有的身份验证令牌已经成功更新。

• radius 开启调式模式，这个命令非常有用，如果认证不成功，可以根据报错信息定位到错误发生的原因。

[root@centos8 ~]# radiusd -X

• 新建一个窗口，测试本地账号radius验证是否通过，注意Received Access-Accept表示认证通过。

[root@centos8 ~]# radtest radlocal radpassword localhost 18120 testing123
Sent Access-Request Id 9 from 0.0.0.0:41546 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 78
        User-Name = "radlocal"
        User-Password = "radpassword"
        NAS-IP-Address = 172.20.29.110
        NAS-Port = 18120
        Message-Authenticator = 0x00
        Cleartext-Password = "radpassword"
Received Access-Accept Id 9 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 127.0.0.1:41546 length 20

• 开启radius -X窗口显示的输出作为参考。

Listening on auth address 127.0.0.1 port 18120 bound to server inner-tunnel
Listening on proxy address * port 43164
Listening on proxy address :: port 40551
Ready to process requests
(0) Received Access-Request Id 9 from 127.0.0.1:41546 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 78
(0)   User-Name = "radlocal"
(0)   User-Password = "radpassword"
(0)   NAS-IP-Address = 172.20.29.110
(0)   NAS-Port = 18120
(0)   Message-Authenticator = 0xeba37c10c860860bd3dcc7bff2c5edf0
(0) # Executing section authorize from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   authorize {
(0)     policy filter_username {
(0)       if (&User-Name) {
(0)       if (&User-Name)  -> TRUE
(0)       if (&User-Name)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ / /) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ / /)  -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ ) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ )  -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ ) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ )  -> FALSE
(0)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))  {
(0)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))   -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)   -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)   -> FALSE
(0)       } # if (&User-Name)  = notfound
(0)     } # policy filter_username = notfound
(0)     [preprocess] = ok
(0)     [chap] = noop
(0)     [mschap] = noop
(0)     [digest] = noop
(0) suffix: Checking for suffix after "@"
(0) suffix: No '@' in User-Name = "radlocal", looking up realm NULL
(0) suffix: No such realm "NULL"
(0)     [suffix] = noop
(0) eap: No EAP-Message, not doing EAP
(0)     [eap] = noop
(0) files: users: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 69
(0)     [files] = ok
(0)     [expiration] = noop
(0)     [logintime] = noop
(0) pap: WARNING: No "known good" password found for the user.  Not setting Auth-Type
(0) pap: WARNING: Authentication will fail unless a "known good" password is available
(0)     [pap] = noop
(0)   } # authorize = ok
(0) Found Auth-Type = pam
(0) # Executing group from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   authenticate {
(0) pam: Using pamauth string "radiusd" for pam.conf lookup
(0) pam: Authentication succeeded
(0)     [pam] = ok
(0)   } # authenticate = ok
(0) # Executing section post-auth from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   post-auth {
(0)     update {
(0)       No attributes updated
(0)     } # update = noop
(0)     [exec] = noop
(0)     policy remove_reply_message_if_eap {
(0)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message) {
(0)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message)  -> FALSE
(0)       else {
(0)         [noop] = noop
(0)       } # else = noop
(0)     } # policy remove_reply_message_if_eap = noop
(0)   } # post-auth = noop
(0) Sent Access-Accept Id 9 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 127.0.0.1:41546 length 0
(0) Finished request
Waking up in 4.9 seconds.
(0) Cleaning up request packet ID 9 with +50
Ready to process requests

四、SSSD安装配置

• AD已经安装和配置完成，下面是AD的一些配置信息。创建python.com域，DNS能解析公网地址，防止CentOS DNS指向AD之后无法yum安装软件。

• 创建mfatest的A记录，CentOS做测试解析用途。

• 安装SSSD，CentOS8已经内建。

[root@centos8 ~]# yum install sssd realmd adcli
[root@centos8 ~]# yum install oddjob oddjob-mkhomedir sssd samba-commontools

• 修改DNS，指向AD的IP地址。

[root@centos8 ~]# vi /etc/resolv.conf
nameserver 192.168.1.20

• DNS连通性测试

[root@centos8 ~]# ping python.com
PING python.com (192.168.1.20) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 192.168.1.20 (192.168.1.20): icmp_seq=1 ttl=128 time=0.205 ms

• DNS解析测试

[root@centos8 ~]# nslookup
> mfatest.python.com
Server:         192.168.1.20
Address:        192.168.1.20#53

Name:   mfatest.python.com
Address: 1.1.1.1

• CentOS加入python.com域，输入管理员密码。

[root@centos8 ~]# realm join python.com
Administrator 的密码：

• 可以发现域信息。

[root@centos8 ~]# realm list
python.com
  type: kerberos
  realm-name: PYTHON.COM
  domain-name: python.com
  configured: kerberos-member
  server-software: active-directory
  client-software: sssd
  required-package: oddjob
  required-package: oddjob-mkhomedir
  required-package: sssd
  required-package: adcli
  required-package: samba-common-tools
  login-formats: %U@python.com
  login-policy: allow-permitted-logins
  permitted-logins:
  permitted-groups: ***users

• AD查看CentOS8加入成功。

• AD上创建测试用户wintest

• 在CentOS上使用AD的用户名密码登录测试。

[root@centos8 ~]# ssh -l wintest@python.com localhost
The authenticity of host 'localhost (::1)' can't be established.
ECDSA key fingerprint is SHA256:JNzSM2I5llmwVPjZAmZa0n1TS9dAZJYTgB2Odpq5IWA.
Are you sure you want to continue connecting (yes/no/[fingerprint])? yes
Warning: Permanently added 'localhost' (ECDSA) to the list of known hosts.
wintest@python.com@localhost's password:
Activate the web console with: systemctl enable --now cockpit.socket

[wintest@python.com@centos8 ~]$ exit
注销

• AD创建users组，创建user用户

• CentOS放行允许***users这个组的用户在这台机器上认证。这条命令允许所有域账号认证：realm permit -all。这里放行的认证，不只放行了radius，还放行了ssh的认证，生产环境应该禁止这个组用户登
  录ssh。

  [root@centos8 ~]# realm permit -g ***users

• 开启radius调试模式

  [root@centos8 ~]#radius -X

• 在新的窗口，使用AD账号测试radius认证，认证通过。

[root@centos8 ~]# radtest ***user@python.com Cisc0123 localhost 18120 testing123
Sent Access-Request Id 16 from 0.0.0.0:38424 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 88
        User-Name = "***user@python.com"
        User-Password = "Cisc0123"
        NAS-IP-Address = 172.20.29.110
        NAS-Port = 18120
        Message-Authenticator = 0x00
        Cleartext-Password = "Cisc0123"
Received Access-Accept Id 16 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 127.0.0.1:38424 length 20

• radius调试模式看到的日志。

(2) Received Access-Request Id 16 from 127.0.0.1:38424 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 88
(2)   User-Name = "***user@python.com"
(2)   User-Password = "Cisc0123"
(2)   NAS-IP-Address = 172.20.29.110
(2)   NAS-Port = 18120
(2)   Message-Authenticator = 0xd2adbf7920450d47617cc1c7128e437e
(2) # Executing section authorize from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(2)   authorize {
(2)     policy filter_username {
(2)       if (&User-Name) {
(2)       if (&User-Name)  -> TRUE
(2)       if (&User-Name)  {
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ / /) {
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ / /)  -> FALSE
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ ) {
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ )  -> FALSE
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ ) {
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ )  -> FALSE
(2)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))  {
(2)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))   -> FALSE
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)  {
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)   -> FALSE
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)  {
(2)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)   -> FALSE
(2)       } # if (&User-Name)  = notfound
(2)     } # policy filter_username = notfound
(2)     [preprocess] = ok
(2)     [chap] = noop
(2)     [mschap] = noop
(2)     [digest] = noop
(2) suffix: Checking for suffix after "@"
(2) suffix: Looking up realm "python.com" for User-Name = "***user@python.com"
(2) suffix: No such realm "python.com"
(2)     [suffix] = noop
(2) eap: No EAP-Message, not doing EAP
(2)     [eap] = noop
(2) files: users: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 69
(2)     [files] = ok
(2)     [expiration] = noop
(2)     [logintime] = noop
(2) pap: WARNING: No "known good" password found for the user.  Not setting Auth-Type
(2) pap: WARNING: Authentication will fail unless a "known good" password is available
(2)     [pap] = noop
(2)   } # authorize = ok
(2) Found Auth-Type = pam
(2) # Executing group from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(2)   authenticate {
(2) pam: Using pamauth string "radiusd" for pam.conf lookup
(2) pam: Authentication succeeded
(2)     [pam] = ok
(2)   } # authenticate = ok
(2) # Executing section post-auth from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(2)   post-auth {
(2)     update {
(2)       No attributes updated
(2)     } # update = noop
(2)     [exec] = noop
(2)     policy remove_reply_message_if_eap {
(2)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message) {
(2)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message)  -> FALSE
(2)       else {
(2)         [noop] = noop
(2)       } # else = noop
(2)     } # policy remove_reply_message_if_eap = noop
(2)   } # post-auth = noop
(2) Sent Access-Accept Id 16 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 127.0.0.1:38424 length 0
(2) Finished request
Waking up in 4.9 seconds.
(2) Cleaning up request packet ID 16 with timestamp +6169
Ready to process requests

• 使用户不需用带域名就可以被识别，需要修改配置文件/etc/sssd/sssd.conf，将use_fully_qualified_names行的True值修改为False。

[root@centos8 ~]# vi /etc/sssd/sssd.conf

use_fully_qualified_names = False

• 重启sssd服务，重新列出域控信息，登录格式可以和之前对比。

[root@centos8 ~]# systemctl restart sssd

[root@centos8 ~]# realm list
python.com
  type: kerberos
  realm-name: PYTHON.COM
  domain-name: python.com
  configured: kerberos-member
  server-software: active-directory
  client-software: sssd
  required-package: oddjob
  required-package: oddjob-mkhomedir
  required-package: sssd
  required-package: adcli
  required-package: samba-common-tools
  login-formats: %U
  login-policy: allow-permitted-logins
  permitted-logins:
  permitted-groups: ***users

• 现在不用加域信息也能识别用户。

[root@centos8 ~]# id ***user
uid=363201109(***user) gid=363200513(domain users) 组=363200513(domain users),363201108(***users)

五、安装和配置Google Authenticator PAM

5.1 安装Google Authenticator

• 准备PAM编译环境

[root@centos8 ~]# yum install pam-devel make gcc-c++ git
[root@centos8 ~]# yum install automake autoconf libtool

• 下载安装文件，注意这里目录为~

[root@centos8 ~]# git clone https://github.com/google/google-authenticator-libpam

• 安装google-authenticator

  [root@centos8 ~]# cd google-authenticator-libpam/
  [root@centos8 google-authenticator-libpam]# ./bootstrap.sh
  [root@centos8 google-authenticator-libpam]# ./configure
  [root@centos8 google-authenticator-libpam]# make
  [root@centos8 google-authenticator-libpam]# make install

5.2 账号开启双因素认证

• 切换到ad账号

[root@centos8 ~]# su - ***user@python.com

• 为账号开启双因素认证。

[***user@python.com@centos8 ~]$ google-authenticator

Do you want authentication tokens to be time-based (y/n) y
Warning: pasting the following URL into your browser exposes the OTP secret to Google:
  https://www.google.com/chart?chs=200x200&chld=M|0&cht=qr&chl=otpauth://totp/***user@python.com@centos8%3Fsecret%3DOF2GUT37EUSG7Y2TYX57HKYRUY%26issuer%3Dcentos8
Failed to use libqrencode to show QR code visually for scanning.

如果安装了`libqrencode`，屏幕会出现一个二维码如果你的终端终端不支持显示二维码，可以手动打开这个网页链接（墙）来查看二维码或者手动输入后面的密钥（secret key）来代替扫描二维码，下面有5个紧
急救助码（emergency scratch code），
紧急救助码就是当你无法获取认证码时（比如手机丢了），可以当做认证码来用，每用一个少一个，但其实可以手动添加的，建议如果 root 账户使用 Google Authenticator 的话一定要把紧急救助码另外保存一
份。

Consider typing the OTP secret into your app manually.
Your new secret key is: OF2GUT37EUSG7Y2TYX57HKYRUY
Enter code from app (-1 to skip): 198586
Code confirmed
Your emergency scratch codes are:
  82763900
  77203549
  34651872
  82841984
  93446389

Do you want me to update your "/home/***user@python.com/.google_authenticator" file? (y/n) y
是否更新用户的 Google Authenticator 配置文件，选择 y 才能使上面操作对当前用户生效，其实就是在对应用户的 Home 目录下生成了一个 .google_authenticator 文件，
如果你想停用这个用户的 Google Authenticator 验证，只需要删除这个用户 Home 目录下的 .google_authenticator 文件就可以了。

Do you want to disallow multiple uses of the same authentication
token? This restricts you to one login about every 30s, but it increases
your chances to notice or even prevent man-in-the-middle attacks (y/n) y
每次生成的认证码是否同时只允许一个人使用？这里选择 y。

By default, a new token is generated every 30 seconds by the mobile app.
In order to compensate for possible time-skew between the client and the server,
we allow an extra token before and after the current time. This allows for a
time skew of up to 30 seconds between authentication server and client. If you
experience problems with poor time synchronization, you can increase the window
from its default size of 3 permitted codes (one previous code, the current
code, the next code) to 17 permitted codes (the 8 previous codes, the current
code, and the 8 next codes). This will permit for a time skew of up to 4 minutes
between client and server.
Do you want to do so? (y/n) y
是否增加时间误差？这里选择 n或者y都行。

If the computer that you are logging into isn't hardened against brute-force
login attempts, you can enable rate-limiting for the authentication module.
By default, this limits attackers to no more than 3 login attempts every 30s.
Do you want to enable rate-limiting? (y/n) y
是否启用次数限制？

• 上面的交互式的设置也可用通过参数一次性设置（推荐），先查看一下参数含义。

[***user@python.com@centos8 ~]$google-authenticator -h
google-authenticator [<options>]
 -h, --help                     Print this message
 -c, --counter-based            Set up counter-based (HOTP) verification
 -C, --no-confirm               Don't confirm code. For non-interactive setups
 -t, --time-based               Set up time-based (TOTP) verification
 -d, --disallow-reuse           Disallow reuse of previously used TOTP tokens
 -D, --allow-reuse              Allow reuse of previously used TOTP tokens
 -f, --force                    Write file without first confirming with user
 -l, --label=<label>            Override the default label in "otpauth://" URL
 -i, --issuer=<issuer>          Override the default issuer in "otpauth://" URL
 -q, --quiet                    Quiet mode
 -Q, --qr-mode={NONE,ANSI,UTF8} QRCode output mode
 -r, --rate-limit=N             Limit logins to N per every M seconds
 -R, --rate-time=M              Limit logins to N per every M seconds
 -u, --no-rate-limit            Disable rate-limiting
 -s, --secret=<file>            Specify a non-standard file location
 -S, --step-size=S              Set interval between token refreshes
 -w, --window-size=W            Set window of concurrently valid codes
 -W, --minimal-window           Disable window of concurrently valid codes
 -e, --emergency-codes=N        Number of emergency codes to generate

• 这里Cisco_是会在APP上显示的令牌名标签，user@centos8是APP上的主机名标签。

[***user@python.com@centos8 ~]$ google-authenticator -t -f -d -l ***user@centos8 -i Cisco_*** -r 3 -R 30 -W
Warning: pasting the following URL into your browser exposes the OTP secret to Google:
  https://www.google.com/chart?chs=200x200&chld=M|0&cht=qr&chl=otpauth://totp/lql@centos8%3Fsecret%3DJQ355PSUBG52KJBUMDJVBSMDLU%26issuer%3DLQL.ME

5.3 修改pam配置文件，并测试AD账号加动态码登录radius。

• 查找pam_google_authenticator.so所在目录

[root@centos8 ~]# find / -name pam_google_authenticator.so
/usr/local/lib/security/pam_google_authenticator.so

• 编辑/etc/pam.d/radiusd，告诉FreeRadius使用本地Unix密码和Google Authenticator代码对用户进行身份验证。

[root@centos8 ~]# vi /etc/pam.d/radiusd

#%PAM-1.0
#auth       include     password-auth
#account    required    pam_nologin.so
#account    include     password-auth
#password   include     password-auth
#session    include     password-auth

auth       requisite    /usr/local/lib/security/pam_google_authenticator.so forward_pass
auth       required     pam_sss.so use_first_pass
account    required     pam_nologin.so
account    include      password-auth
session    include      password-auth

• 开启radius调试模式

  [root@centos8 ~]#radius -X

• 在新的窗口使用域账号测试radius认证，这里密码构成是密码+动态码。

[root@centos8 ~]# radtest ***user@python.com Cisc0123072009 localhost 18120 testing123
Sent Access-Request Id 119 from 0.0.0.0:49063 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 88
        User-Name = "***user@python.com"
        User-Password = "Cisc0123072009"
        NAS-IP-Address = 172.20.29.110
        NAS-Port = 18120
        Message-Authenticator = 0x00
        Cleartext-Password = "Cisc0123072009"
Received Access-Accept Id 119 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 127.0.0.1:49063 length 20

• AD 结合动态码测试日志

(3) Received Access-Request Id 119 from 127.0.0.1:49063 to 127.0.0.1:1812 length 88
(3)   User-Name = "***user@python.com"
(3)   User-Password = "Cisc0123072009"
(3)   NAS-IP-Address = 172.20.29.110
(3)   NAS-Port = 18120
(3)   Message-Authenticator = 0x457cc852a7cb00f054b1cc168f75998e
(3) # Executing section authorize from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(3)   authorize {
(3)     policy filter_username {
(3)       if (&User-Name) {
(3)       if (&User-Name)  -> TRUE
(3)       if (&User-Name)  {
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ / /) {
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ / /)  -> FALSE
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ ) {
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ )  -> FALSE
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ ) {
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ )  -> FALSE
(3)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))  {
(3)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))   -> FALSE
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)  {
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)   -> FALSE
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)  {
(3)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)   -> FALSE
(3)       } # if (&User-Name)  = notfound
(3)     } # policy filter_username = notfound
(3)     [preprocess] = ok
(3)     [chap] = noop
(3)     [mschap] = noop
(3)     [digest] = noop
(3) suffix: Checking for suffix after "@"
(3) suffix: Looking up realm "python.com" for User-Name = "***user@python.com"
(3) suffix: No such realm "python.com"
(3)     [suffix] = noop
(3) eap: No EAP-Message, not doing EAP
(3)     [eap] = noop
(3) files: users: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 69
(3)     [files] = ok
(3)     [expiration] = noop
(3)     [logintime] = noop
(3) pap: WARNING: No "known good" password found for the user.  Not setting Auth-Type
(3) pap: WARNING: Authentication will fail unless a "known good" password is available
(3)     [pap] = noop
(3)   } # authorize = ok
(3) Found Auth-Type = pam
(3) # Executing group from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(3)   authenticate {
(3) pam: Using pamauth string "radiusd" for pam.conf lookup
(3) pam: Authentication succeeded
(3)     [pam] = ok
(3)   } # authenticate = ok
(3) # Executing section post-auth from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(3)   post-auth {
(3)     update {
(3)       No attributes updated
(3)     } # update = noop
(3)     [exec] = noop
(3)     policy remove_reply_message_if_eap {
(3)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message) {
(3)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message)  -> FALSE
(3)       else {
(3)         [noop] = noop
(3)       } # else = noop
(3)     } # policy remove_reply_message_if_eap = noop
(3)   } # post-auth = noop
(3) Sent Access-Accept Id 119 from 127.0.0.1:1812 to 127.0.0.1:49063 length 0
(3) Finished request
Waking up in 4.9 seconds.
(3) Cleaning up request packet ID 119 with timestamp +6972
Ready to process requests

六、ASAv AnyConnect 配置

6.1 ASAv初始化配置

• ASAv接口初始化，这里我通过防火墙mgmt接口ssh网管。

interface Management0/0
 nameif mgmt
 security-level 0
 ip address 192.168.100.100 255.255.255.0

ssh 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 mgmt

interface GigabitEthernet0/0
 nameif outside
 security-level 0
 ip address 202.100.1.254 255.255.255.0
!
interface GigabitEthernet0/1
 nameif inside
 security-level 100
 ip address 192.168.1.254 255.255.255.0

6.2 ASAv上传AnyConnect镜像

• 开启http服务，创建本地管理密码，让ASDM可以顺利连接。

http server enable 8000
http 0 0 mgmt
aaa authentication http console LOCAL
username admin password cisco privilege 15

• ASDM上传AnyConnect镜像到ASAv本地。

• 确认AnyConnect上传成功

  MFA-ASAv# dir
  Directory of disk0:/
  94     -rwx  41077110     08:07:22 Mar 05 2020  anyconnect-win-4.6.00362-webdeploy-k9.pkg

6.3 Cisco ASAv AnyConnect本地认证配置。

• 首先配置AnyConnect的本地认证，当本地认证测试通过之后，再将认证流量送到freeradius进行双因素认证。

username ssluser password cisco

web***
 enable outside
 anyconnect image disk0:/anyconnect-win-4.6.00362-webdeploy-k9.pkg 1
 anyconnect enable

• 这里启用了隧道分隔。

access-list anyconnect_split standard permit 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0
access-list anyconnect_filter_acl extended permit ip any 192.168.1.0 255.255.255.0

ip local pool ssl***_pool 192.168.50.100-192.168.50.200

group-policy anyconnect_group_policy internal
group-policy anyconnect_group_policy attributes
 ***-filter value anyconnect_filter_acl
 ***-tunnel-protocol ssl-client ssl-clientless
 split-tunnel-policy tunnelspecified
 split-tunnel-network-list value anyconnect_split
 address-pools value ssl***_pool
 web***
  anyconnect profiles value anyconnect_profile type user

username ssluser attributes
 ***-group-policy anyconnect_group_policy

• 默认anyconnect不允许通过RDP的方式登录，这里我的管理机器是通过RDP登录的。所以需要修改anyconnect profile，让RDP用户能正常登录。

• 通过ASDM配置profile之后，通过命令行确认profile调用。

group-policy anyconnect_group_policy attributes
 web***
  anyconnect profiles value anyconnect_profile type user

6.4 AnyConnect本地账号登录测试

6.5 freeradius配置和测试

• 配置3A服务器指向freeradius。

aaa-server freeradius protocol radius
aaa-server freeradius (inside) host 192.168.1.10
 key cisco
 authentication-port 1812

tunnel-group DefaultWEB***Group general-attributes
 authentication-server-group freeradius
 default-group-policy anyconnect_group_policy

• ASAv使用AD账号测试radius服务，因为之前修改过SSSD配置文件，这里是否添加python.com域名都可以。

MFA-ASAv# test aaa-server authentication freeradius host 192.168.1.10 username ***user password Cisc0123187977
INFO: Attempting Authentication test to IP address <192.168.1.10> (timeout: 12 seconds)
INFO: Authentication Successful

• radius调试模式看到的日志

Listening on acct address :: port 1813 bound to server default
Listening on auth address 127.0.0.1 port 18120 bound to server inner-tunnel
Listening on proxy address * port 54915
Listening on proxy address :: port 45190
Ready to process requests
(0) Received Access-Request Id 4 from 192.168.1.254:30861 to 192.168.1.10:1812 length 86
(0)   User-Name = "***user"
(0)   User-Password = "Cisc0123187977"
(0)   NAS-IP-Address = 192.168.1.254
(0)   NAS-Port = 4
(0)   NAS-Port-Type = Virtual
(0)   Cisco-AVPair = "coa-push=true"
(0) # Executing section authorize from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   authorize {
(0)     policy filter_username {
(0)       if (&User-Name) {
(0)       if (&User-Name)  -> TRUE
(0)       if (&User-Name)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ / /) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ / /)  -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ ) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ )  -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ ) {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ )  -> FALSE
(0)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))  {
(0)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))   -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)   -> FALSE
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)  {
(0)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)   -> FALSE
(0)       } # if (&User-Name)  = notfound
(0)     } # policy filter_username = notfound
(0)     [preprocess] = ok
(0)     [chap] = noop
(0)     [mschap] = noop
(0)     [digest] = noop
(0) suffix: Checking for suffix after "@"
(0) suffix: No '@' in User-Name = "***user", looking up realm NULL
(0) suffix: No such realm "NULL"
(0)     [suffix] = noop
(0) eap: No EAP-Message, not doing EAP
(0)     [eap] = noop
(0) files: users: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 69
(0)     [files] = ok
(0)     [expiration] = noop
(0)     [logintime] = noop
(0) pap: WARNING: No "known good" password found for the user.  Not setting Auth-Type
(0) pap: WARNING: Authentication will fail unless a "known good" password is available
(0)     [pap] = noop
(0)   } # authorize = ok
(0) Found Auth-Type = pam
(0) # Executing group from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   authenticate {
(0) pam: Using pamauth string "radiusd" for pam.conf lookup
(0) pam: Authentication succeeded
(0)     [pam] = ok
(0)   } # authenticate = ok
(0) # Executing section post-auth from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(0)   post-auth {![login-ad](https://i.imgur.com/yltINYr.png)
(0)     update {
(0)       No attributes updated
(0)     } # update = noop
(0)     [exec] = noop
(0)     policy remove_reply_message_if_eap {
(0)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message) {
(0)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message)  -> FALSE
(0)       else {
(0)         [noop] = noop
(0)       } # else = noop
(0)     } # policy remove_reply_message_if_eap = noop
(0)   } # post-auth = noop
(0) Sent Access-Accept Id 4 from 192.168.1.10:1812 to 192.168.1.254:30861 length 0
(0) Finished request
Waking up in 4.9 seconds.
(0) Cleaning up request packet ID 4 with timestamp +11
Ready to process requests

• 如果radius -X 无法运行，并且报错如下，一般是radius服务已经启动，占用了1812端口号导致的。

Failed binding to auth address * port 1812 bound to server default: Address already in use
/etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default[59]: Error binding to port for 0.0.0.0 port 1812

• 查看UDP端口号使用。

[root@centos8 ~]# ss -ulnp
State  Recv-Q  Send-Q     Local Address:Port     Peer Address:Port
UNCONN 0       0              127.0.0.1:18120         0.0.0.0:*      users:(("radiusd",pid=15068,fd=14))
UNCONN 0       0                0.0.0.0:1812          0.0.0.0:*      users:(("radiusd",pid=15068,fd=10))
UNCONN 0       0                0.0.0.0:1813          0.0.0.0:*      users:(("radiusd",pid=15068,fd=11))

• 可以使用pkill命令结束radius所有进程。

[root@centos8 ~]# pkill radiusd

6.6 使用 AD账号+动态码 登录AnyConnect

• AnyConnect输入密码时，首先输入AD密码，然后输入6位动态码。例如这里密码是Cisc0123，动态码是914714，那么密码框应该输入Cisc0123914714。

• 动态码

• AnyConnect登录，radius 调试日志。

(4) Received Access-Request Id 8 from 192.168.1.254:30861 to 192.168.1.10:1812 length 666
(4)   User-Name = "***user"
(4)   User-Password = "Cisc0123914714"
(4)   NAS-Port = 32768
(4)   Called-Station-Id = "202.100.1.254"
(4)   Calling-Station-Id = "202.100.1.10"
(4)   NAS-Port-Type = Virtual
(4)   Tunnel-Client-Endpoint:0 = "202.100.1.10"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=device-platform=win"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=device-mac=00-50-56-8e-14-a9"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=device-mac=00-50-56-8e-8a-ac"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=device-mac=00-50-56-8e-93-54"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=device-type=VMware, Inc. VMware7,1"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=device-platform-version=10.0.18362 "
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=ac-user-agent=AnyConnect Windows 4.6.00362"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "mdm-tlv=device-uid=D7237D73128E45F4F2706858D0F4AC09129E5131839298ACB03D3999125B5FC1"
(4)   NAS-IP-Address = 192.168.1.254
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "audit-session-id=c0a801fe000080005e60c235"
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "ip:source-ip=202.100.1.10"
(4)   ASA-TunnelGroupName = "DefaultWEB***Group"
(4)   ASA-ClientType = AnyConnect-Client-SSL-***
(4)   Cisco-AVPair = "coa-push=true"
(4) # Executing section authorize from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(4)   authorize {
(4)     policy filter_username {
(4)       if (&User-Name) {
(4)       if (&User-Name)  -> TRUE
(4)       if (&User-Name)  {
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ / /) {
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ / /)  -> FALSE
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ ) {
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /@[^@]*@/ )  -> FALSE
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ ) {
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.\./ )  -> FALSE
(4)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))  {
(4)         if ((&User-Name =~ /@/) && (&User-Name !~ /@(.+)\.(.+)$/))   -> FALSE
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)  {
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /\.$/)   -> FALSE
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)  {
(4)         if (&User-Name =~ /@\./)   -> FALSE
(4)       } # if (&User-Name)  = notfound
(4)     } # policy filter_username = notfound
(4)     [preprocess] = ok
(4)     [chap] = noop
(4)     [mschap] = noop
(4)     [digest] = noop
(4) suffix: Checking for suffix after "@"
(4) suffix: No '@' in User-Name = "***user", looking up realm NULL
(4) suffix: No such realm "NULL"
(4)     [suffix] = noop
(4) eap: No EAP-Message, not doing EAP
(4)     [eap] = noop
(4) files: users: Matched entry DEFAULT at line 69
(4)     [files] = ok
(4)     [expiration] = noop
(4)     [logintime] = noop
(4) pap: WARNING: No "known good" password found for the user.  Not setting Auth-Type
(4) pap: WARNING: Authentication will fail unless a "known good" password is available
(4)     [pap] = noop
(4)   } # authorize = ok
(4) Found Auth-Type = pam
(4) # Executing group from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(4)   authenticate {
(4) pam: Using pamauth string "radiusd" for pam.conf lookup
(4) pam: Authentication succeeded
(4)     [pam] = ok
(4)   } # authenticate = ok
(4) # Executing section post-auth from file /etc/raddb/sites-enabled/default
(4)   post-auth {
(4)     update {
(4)       No attributes updated
(4)     } # update = noop
(4)     [exec] = noop
(4)     policy remove_reply_message_if_eap {
(4)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message) {
(4)       if (&reply:EAP-Message && &reply:Reply-Message)  -> FALSE
(4)       else {
(4)         [noop] = noop
(4)       } # else = noop
(4)     } # policy remove_reply_message_if_eap = noop
(4)   } # post-auth = noop
(4) Sent Access-Accept Id 8 from 192.168.1.10:1812 to 192.168.1.254:30861 length 0
(4) Finished request
Waking up in 4.9 seconds.
(4) Cleaning up request packet ID 8 with timestamp +608
Ready to process requests