hbase的基本操作

1. shell操作

常见命令：

[root@hadoop01 ~]# hbase shell      #进入HBASE客户端
hbase(main):001:0> help “dml”    #获取一组命令的提示hbase(main):001:0> help "put" 获取一个单独命令的提示帮助
hbase(main):001:0> exit    #退出客户端

 #查看hbase中的所有表
hbase(main):001:0>list       

创建表：
语法：create ‘表名’,’列簇1’,’ 列簇2’,’ 列簇3’....

# 例1:创建一张表，名称为user,该表有info和data两个列簇
hbase(main):001:0>create 'user' ,'info','data'
hbase(main):001:0>create 'user' ,{NAME=>'info'},{NAME=>'data'}

#例2:创建一张表叫做 user_info，包含两个列簇 base_info 和 extra_info，并且分别指定这两个列簇 的数据的版本数为 3 和 1
hbase(main):001:0>create 'user_info',{NAME=>'base_info',VERSIONS=>3},{NAME=>'extra_info',VERSIONS=>1}

查看表的详细信息

#desc 或者 describe
hbase(main):001:0>desc 'user_info'
hbase(main):001:0>describe 'user_info'

插入数据
#put table ,rowkey, 列簇:列 ,value
hbase(main):001:0>put 'user','rowkey01','info:age','18'

查询数据
#get

#获取 user 表中 row key 为 rk0001 的所有信息
hbase(main):001:0>get 'user' ,'rk0001'

#获取 user 表中 row key 为 rk0001，info 列簇的所有信息
hbase(main):001:0>get 'user','rk0001','info'

#获取 user 表中 row key 为 rk0001，info 列簇的 name、age 列标示符的信息
hbase(main):001:0>get 'user','rk0001','info:name','info:age'

#获取 user 表中 row key 为 rk0001，列簇为 info，版本号最新 5 个的信息
hbase(main):001:0>create 'USER','rk0001',{COLUMN=>'info',VERSIONS=>5}

#获取 user 表中 row key 为 rk0001，cell 的值为 zhangsan 的信息
hbase(main):001:0>get 'user', 'rk0001', {FILTER => "ValueFilter(=, 'binary:zhangsan')"}

#获取 user 表中 row key 为 rk0001，列标示符中含有 a 的信息
hbase(main):001:0>get 'user','rk0001',{FILTER=>"(QualifierFilter(=,'substring:a'))"}

查询数据
#scan

查询 user_info 表中的所有信息
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user_info'

#查询 user_info 表中的指定列簇的所有信息
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user_info',{COLUMNS=>'base_info'}
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user_info',{COLUMNS=>'base_info:name'}
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user_info',{COLUMNS=>['base_info','extra_info']}

#查询 user_info 表中的指定列簇为 base_info 的所有版本信息
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user_info',{COLUMNS=>'base_info',VERSIONS=>5}

#查询 user 表中列簇为 info 和 data 且列标示符中含有 a 字符的信息
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user', {COLUMNS => ['info', 'data'], FILTER => "(QualifierFilter(=,'substring:a'))"}

#rowkey的范围查询
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user_info', {COLUMNS => 'base_info', STARTROW => 'baiyc_20150716_0003', ENDROW =>
'baiyc_20150716_0006'}

#查询 user 表中 rowkey 以 rk 字符开头的
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user',{FILTER=>"PrefixFilter('rk')"}

#查询 user_info 表中指定时间戳范围的数据
hbase(main):001:0>scan 'user_info',{TIMERANGE=>[1540882871681,1540882888540]}

删除数据
#delete

#删除记录
hbase(main):001:0>delete 'user', 'rk0001' 
#删除字段
hbase(main):001:0>delete 'user','rk0001','info:name'
#删除 user 表 rowkey 为 rk0001，列标示符为 info:name，timestamp 为 1392383705316 的数据
hbase(main):001:0>delete 'user','rk0001','info:name',1392383705316

修改表结构
#alter

#添加两个列簇 f2 和 f3
hbase(main):001:0>alter 'user_info',NAME=>'f2'
hbase(main):001:0>alter 'user_info',NAME=>'f2'

#删除一个列簇 f1
hbase(main):001:0>alter 'user_info',NAME=>'f1',METHOD=>'delete'

#将 user_info 表的 base_info 列簇版本号改为 5
hbase(main):001:0>alter 'user_info',NAME=>'base_info',VERSIONS=>5

清空表
#truncate

#清空 user 表中的数据
hbase(main):001:0>truncate 'user_info'

停用表/启用表

#disable 和 enable
hbase(main):001:0>disable 'user'
hbase(main):001:0>enable 'user'

删除表
#drop

#删除一张表
hbase(main):001:0>disable 'user   #需要先停用这张表，在删除
hbase(main):001:0>drop 'user'

2. API操作（javaAPI）

这里实现基本的增删改查：
pom依赖

<dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.6</version>
        </dependency>

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-server</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.6</version>
        </dependency>

代码实现：

package com.zy.hbase;

import org.apache.hadoop.conf.Configuration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HBaseConfiguration;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HColumnDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HTableDescriptor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.KeyValue;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client.*;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.junit.Test;

import java.io.IOException;

public class HbaseTest {
    // 声明静态配置
    static Configuration conf = null;
    private static final String ZK_CONNECT_STR = "hadoop01:2181,hadoop02:2181,hadoop03:2181";

    static {
        conf = HBaseConfiguration.create();
        conf.set("hbase.zookeeper.quorum", ZK_CONNECT_STR);
    }

    /**
     * 1.创建表
     */
    @Test
    public void creatTable() {
        //表名
        String tableName = "stu_info";
        //列簇名
        String[] cf = {"base_info", "extra_info"};
        try {
            //创建HBaseAdmin对象
            HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
            //创建表的描述信息对象
            HTableDescriptor des = new HTableDescriptor(tableName);
            for (int i = 0; i < cf.length; i++) {
                des.addFamily(new HColumnDescriptor(cf[i]));
            }
            if (admin.tableExists(tableName)) {
                System.out.println("table Exists!");
                System.exit(0);
            } else {
                admin.createTable(des);
                System.out.println("create table Success!");
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 为表添加数据
     */
    @Test
    public void addData() {
        //表名
        String tableName = "user_info";
        //行键
        String rowkey = "rk0011";
        //列簇
        String cf = "base_info";
        Put put = new Put(rowkey.getBytes());
        try {
            //创建操作hbase表的对象
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName.getBytes());
            //列簇  列  值
            put.addColumn(cf.getBytes(), "name".getBytes(), "zs".getBytes());
            table.put(put);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 根据 rwokey 查询
     */
    @Test
    public void getResult() {
        //表名
        String tableName = "user_info";
        //行键
        String rowKey = "rk0001";

        Get get = new Get(Bytes.toBytes(rowKey));
        try {
            //创建操作hbase表的对象
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName.getBytes());
            Result result = table.get(get);
            for (KeyValue kv : result.list()) {
                System.out.println("rowkey:" + kv.getRow());  //行键
                System.out.println("family" + kv.getFamily()); //列簇
                System.out.println("qualifier" + kv.getQualifier());  //列
                System.out.println("value:" + new String(kv.getValue())); //值
                System.out.println("Timestamp" + kv.getTimestamp());  //时间戳
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 遍历查询 hbase 表
     */
    @Test
    public void getResultScann() {
        String tableName = "user_info";
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        try {
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName.getBytes());
            ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
            for (Result rs : scanner) {
                for (KeyValue kv : rs.list()) {
                    System.out.println("rowkey:" + kv.getRow());  //行键
                    System.out.println("family" + kv.getFamily()); //列簇
                    System.out.println("qualifier" + kv.getQualifier());  //列
                    System.out.println("value:" + new String(kv.getValue())); //值
                    System.out.println("Timestamp" + kv.getTimestamp());  //时间戳
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 遍历查询 hbase 表  指定rowkey的查询范围
     */
    @Test
    public void getResultScannRange() {
        String tableName = "user_info";
        Scan scan = new Scan();
        scan.setStartRow("rk001".getBytes());
        scan.setStopRow("rk005".getBytes());
        try {
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName.getBytes());
            ResultScanner scanner = table.getScanner(scan);
            for (Result rs : scanner) {
                for (KeyValue kv : rs.list()) {
                    System.out.println("rowkey:" + kv.getRow());  //行键
                    System.out.println("family" + kv.getFamily()); //列簇
                    System.out.println("qualifier" + kv.getQualifier());  //列
                    System.out.println("value:" + new String(kv.getValue())); //值
                    System.out.println("Timestamp" + kv.getTimestamp());  //时间戳
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 查询表中的某一列
     */
    @Test
    public void getResultByColumn() {
        String tableName = "user_info";  //表
        String rowkey = "rk0001";   //行键
        String cf = "base_info";    //列簇
        String column = "name";     //列
        try {
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, tableName.getBytes());
            Get get = new Get(rowkey.getBytes());
            get.addColumn(cf.getBytes(), column.getBytes());
            Result result = table.get(get);
            for (KeyValue kv : result.list()) {
                System.out.println("rowkey:" + kv.getRow());  //行键
                System.out.println("family" + kv.getFamily()); //列簇
                System.out.println("qualifier" + kv.getQualifier());  //列
                System.out.println("value:" + new String(kv.getValue())); //值
                System.out.println("Timestamp" + kv.getTimestamp());  //时间戳
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 更新表中的某一列,因为在hbase中可以以时间戳定义多个版本的值
     * 所有，更新操作就是put操作
     */
    @Test
    public void updateTable() {
        String tableName = "user_info";  //表
        String rowkey = "rk0001";   //行键
        String cf = "base_info";    //列簇
        String column = "name";     //列
        String value = "ll";       //值
        try {
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, Bytes.toBytes(tableName));
            Put put = new Put(rowkey.getBytes());
            put.addColumn(cf.getBytes(), column.getBytes(), value.getBytes());
            table.put(put);
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

    /**
     * 查询某列数据的多个版本
     */
    @Test
    public void getResultByVersion() {
        String tableName = "user_info";  //表
        String rowkey = "rk0001";   //行键
        String cf = "base_info";    //列簇
        String column = "name";     //列
        int version = 5;          //hbase的列的版本
        try {
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, Bytes.toBytes(tableName));
            Get get = new Get(rowkey.getBytes());
            get.addColumn(cf.getBytes(), column.getBytes());
            get.setMaxVersions(version);
            Result result = table.get(get);
            if (result.list() != null) {
                for (KeyValue kv : result.list()) {
                    System.out.println("rowkey:" + kv.getRow());  //行键
                    System.out.println("family" + kv.getFamily()); //列簇
                    System.out.println("qualifier" + kv.getQualifier());  //列
                    System.out.println("value:" + new String(kv.getValue())); //值
                    System.out.println("Timestamp" + kv.getTimestamp());  //时间戳
                }
            }
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除指定的列
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteColumn() {
        String tableName = "user_info";  //表
        String rowkey = "rk0001";   //行键
        String cf = "base_info";    //列簇
        String column = "name";     //列
        try {
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, Bytes.toBytes(tableName));
            Delete delete = new Delete(rowkey.getBytes());
            delete.addColumn(cf.getBytes(), column.getBytes());
            table.delete(delete);
            System.out.println(cf + ":" + column + "is deleted!");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 删除指定rowKey的所有列
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteAllColumn() {
        String tableName = "user_info";  //表
        String rowkey = "rk0001";   //行键
        try {
            HTable table = new HTable(conf, Bytes.toBytes(tableName));
            Delete deleteAll = new Delete(rowkey.getBytes());
            table.delete(deleteAll);
            System.out.println("all columns are deleted!");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    /*
     * 删除表
     */
    @Test
    public void deleteTable(){
        String tableName = "user_info";  //表
        try {
            HBaseAdmin admin = new HBaseAdmin(conf);
            admin.disableTable(tableName.getBytes());
            admin.deleteTable(tableName.getBytes());
            System.out.println(tableName + "is deleted!");
        } catch (IOException e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }
}

详细的源代码：http://down.51cto.com/data/2457979