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hive 与 hbase 结合

发布时间：2020-07-15 20:38:46 来源：网络 阅读：5283 作者：Meteor_hy 栏目：大数据

一、hive与hbase的结合
Hive会经常和Hbase结合使用，把Hbase作为Hive的存储路径，所以Hive整合Hbase尤其重要。使用Hive读取Hbase中的数据，可以使用HQL语句在HBase表上进行查询、插入操作；甚至是进行Join和Union等复杂查询。此功能是从Hive 0.6.0开始引入的。Hive与HBase整合的实现是利用两者本身对外的API接口互相进行通信，相互通信主要是依靠hive-hbase-handler-*.jar工具里面的类实现的。使用Hive操作HBase中的表，只是提供了便捷性，hiveQL引擎使用的是MapReduce，对于性能上，表现不尽人意。

步骤：
1、将hbase相关jar包复制到hive/lib下，操作如下：

[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$ cp /opt/hbase/lib/hbase-protocol-1.4.5.jar /opt/hive/lib/
[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$ cp /opt/hbase/lib/hbase-server-1.4.5.jar /opt/hive/lib/
[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$ cp /opt/hbase/lib/hbase-client-1.4.5.jar /opt/hive/lib/
[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$ cp /opt/hbase/lib/hbase-common-1.4.5.jar /opt/hive/lib/
[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$ cp /opt/hbase/lib/hbase-common-1.4.5-tests.jar /opt/hive/lib/
[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$

2、在hive-site.xml文件中引用hbase，添加如下内容：

[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$ vim /opt/hive/conf/hive-site.xml 
  <property>
    <name>hive.aux.jars.path</name>
    <value>
        file:///opt/hive/lib/hive-hbase-handler-2.3.3.jar,
        file:///opt/hive/lib/hbase-protocol-1.4.5.jar,
        file:///opt/hive/lib/hbase-server-1.4.5.jar,
        file:///opt/hive/lib/hbase-client-1.4.5.jar,
        file:///opt/hive/lib/hbase-common-1.4.5.jar,
        file:///opt/hive/lib/hbase-common-1.4.5-tests.jar,
        file:///opt/hive/lib/zookeeper-3.4.6.jar,
        file:///opt/hive/lib/guava-14.0.1.jar
    </value>
    <description>The location of the plugin jars that contain implementations of user defined functions and serdes.</description>
  </property>
  <property>
        <name>hbase.zookeeper.quorum</name>
        <value>open-stable,permission-stable,sp-stable</value>
  </property>
  <property>
        <name>dfs.permissions.enabled</name>
        <value>false</value>
  </property>

3、启动hive:

[hadoop@bus-stable hive]$ hive -hiveconf hbase.master=oversea-stable:60000          
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/lib/log4j-slf4j-impl-2.6.2.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop-2.9.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.apache.logging.slf4j.Log4jLoggerFactory]

Logging initialized using configuration in jar:file:/opt/apache-hive-2.3.3-bin/lib/hive-common-2.3.3.jar!/hive-log4j2.properties Async: true
Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
hive> create table htest(key int,value string) stored by 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler' with serdeproperties('hbase.columns.mapping'=':key,f:value') tblproperties('hbase.table.name'='htest');
OK
Time taken: 9.376 seconds
hive> show databases;
OK
default
inspiry
Time taken: 0.121 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> show tables;
OK
htest
Time taken: 0.047 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select * from htest; 
OK
Time taken: 1.967 seconds
hive>

4、在hbase中验证数据：

[hadoop@oversea-stable opt]$ hbase shell 
SLF4J: Class path contains multiple SLF4J bindings.
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hbase-1.4.5/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.10.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: Found binding in [jar:file:/opt/hadoop-2.9.1/share/hadoop/common/lib/slf4j-log4j12-1.7.25.jar!/org/slf4j/impl/StaticLoggerBinder.class]
SLF4J: See http://www.slf4j.org/codes.html#multiple_bindings for an explanation.
SLF4J: Actual binding is of type [org.slf4j.impl.Log4jLoggerFactory]
HBase Shell
Use "help" to get list of supported commands.
Use "exit" to quit this interactive shell.
Version 1.4.5, rca99a9466415dc4cfc095df33efb45cb82fe5480, Wed Jun 13 15:13:00 EDT 2018

hbase(main):001:0> list
TABLE                                                                                                                                                     
htest                                                                                                                                                     
1 row(s) in 0.2970 seconds

=> ["htest"]
hbase(main):002:0> scan "htest"
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                       
0 row(s) in 0.1410 seconds

hbase(main):003:0>

二、导入外部数据
(1) 数据文件如下：
[hadoop@bus-stable ~]$ cat score.csv
hive,85
hbase,90
hadoop,92
flume,89
kafka,95
spark,80
storm,70
[hadoop@bus-stable ~]$ hadoop fs -put score.csv /data/score.csv
[hadoop@bus-stable ~]$ hadoop fs -ls /data/
Found 2 items
-rw-r--r-- 3 hadoop supergroup 88822 2018-06-15 10:32 /data/notepad.txt
-rw-r--r-- 3 hadoop supergroup 70 2018-06-26 15:59 /data/score.csv
[hadoop@bus-stable ~]$

(2) 创建外部表
利用hdfs上的现有数据，创建hive外部表
hive> create external table if not exists course.testcourse(cname string,score int) row format delimited fields terminated by ',' stored as textfile location '/data';
OK
Time taken: 0.282 seconds
hive> show databases;
OK
course
default
inspiry
Time taken: 0.013 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive> use course;
OK
Time taken: 0.021 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
testcourse
Time taken: 0.036 seconds, Fetched: 1 row(s)
hive> select * from testcourse ;
OK
hive 85
hbase 90
hadoop 92
flume 89
kafka 95
spark 80
storm 70
Time taken: 2.272 seconds, Fetched: 7 row(s)
hive>

三、利用HQL语句创建hbase 表
使用HQL语句创建一个指向HBase的Hive表，语法如下：

CREATE TABLE tbl_name(key int, value string)  //Hive中的表名tbl_name
STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler'   //指定存储处理器
WITH SERDEPROPERTIES ("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf1:val")  //声明列族，列名
TBLPROPERTIES ("hbase.table.name" = "tbl_name", "hbase.mapred.output.outputtable" = "iteblog");  //hbase.table.name 声明HBase表名， 为可选属性默认与Hive的表名相同， hbase.mapred.output.outputtable 指定插入数据时写入的表， 如果以后需要往该表插入数据就需要指定该值

(1) 创建语句如下

hive> create table course.hbase_testcourse(cname string,score int) STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler' WITH SERDEPROPERTIES("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf:score")TBLPROPERTIES("hbase.table.name" = "hbase_testcourse","hbase.mapred.output.outputtable" = "hbase_testcourse"); 
OK
Time taken: 3.745 seconds
hive> show databases;
OK
course
default
inspiry
Time taken: 0.019 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive> use course;
OK
Time taken: 0.02 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
hbase_testcourse
testcourse
Time taken: 0.025 seconds, Fetched: 2 row(s)
hive> select * from hbase_testcourse;
OK
Time taken: 1.883 seconds
hive>

(2) 创建完内部表，可以通过Hive支持的insert overwrite 方式将一个表的数据导入 HBase

hive> insert overwrite table course.hbase_testcourse select cname,score from course.testcourse;
WARNING: Hive-on-MR is deprecated in Hive 2 and may not be available in the future versions. Consider using a different execution engine (i.e. spark, tez) or using Hive 1.X releases.
Query ID = hadoop_20180626170540_c7eecb8d-2925-4ad2-be7f-237d9815d1cb
Total jobs = 1
Launching Job 1 out of 1
Number of reduce tasks is set to 0 since there's no reduce operator
Starting Job = job_1529932626564_0002, Tracking URL = http://oversea-stable:8088/proxy/application_1529932626564_0002/
Kill Command = /opt/hadoop/bin/hadoop job  -kill job_1529932626564_0002
Hadoop job information for Stage-3: number of mappers: 1; number of reducers: 0
2018-06-26 17:06:02,793 Stage-3 map = 0%,  reduce = 0%
2018-06-26 17:06:14,126 Stage-3 map = 100%,  reduce = 0%, Cumulative CPU 6.12 sec
MapReduce Total cumulative CPU time: 6 seconds 120 msec
Ended Job = job_1529932626564_0002
MapReduce Jobs Launched: 
Stage-Stage-3: Map: 1   Cumulative CPU: 6.12 sec   HDFS Read: 4224 HDFS Write: 0 SUCCESS
Total MapReduce CPU Time Spent: 6 seconds 120 msec
OK
Time taken: 41.489 seconds
hive> 
hive> select * from hbase_testcourse;
OK
flume   89
hadoop  92
hbase   90
hive    85
kafka   95
spark   80
storm   70
Time taken: 0.201 seconds, Fetched: 7 row(s)
hive>

(3) 验证hbase 

hbase(main):011:0> list
TABLE                                                                                                                                                     
hbase_testcourse                                                                                                                                          
htest                                                                                                                                                     
2 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds
=> ["hbase_testcourse", "htest"]
hbase(main):012:0> scan "hbase_testcourse"
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                       
 flume                                  column=cf:score, timestamp=1530003973026, value=89                                                                
 hadoop                                 column=cf:score, timestamp=1530003973026, value=92                                                                
 hbase                                  column=cf:score, timestamp=1530003973026, value=90                                                                
 hive                                   column=cf:score, timestamp=1530003973026, value=85                                                                
 kafka                                  column=cf:score, timestamp=1530003973026, value=95                                                                
 spark                                  column=cf:score, timestamp=1530003973026, value=80                                                                
 storm                                  column=cf:score, timestamp=1530003973026, value=70                                                                
7 row(s) in 0.0760 seconds
hbase(main):013:0>

四、使用Hive映射HBase中已经存在的表
(1) 在hbase中创建HBase表，进入HBase Shell客户端执行建表命令

hbase(main):036:0> create 'hbase_test',{ NAME => 'cf'}
0 row(s) in 2.2830 seconds
=> Hbase::Table - hbase_test

(2) 插入数据

hbase(main):037:0> put 'hbase_test','hadoop','cf:score', '95'
0 row(s) in 0.1110 seconds

hbase(main):038:0> put 'hbase_test','storm','cf:score', '96'
0 row(s) in 0.0120 seconds

hbase(main):039:0> put 'hbase_test','spark','cf:score', '97'
0 row(s) in 0.0110 seconds

(3) 查看数据

hbase(main):041:0> scan "hbase_test"
ROW                                     COLUMN+CELL                                                                                                       
 hadoop                                 column=cf:score, timestamp=1530004351399, value=95                                                                
 spark                                  column=cf:score, timestamp=1530004365368, value=97                                                                
 storm                                  column=cf:score, timestamp=1530004359169, value=96                                                                
3 row(s) in 0.0220 seconds
hbase(main):042:0>

(4) 进入Hive Shell 客户端，创建外部表course.hbase_test，建表命令如下所示

hive>  create external table course.hbase_test(cname string,score int) STORED BY 'org.apache.hadoop.hive.hbase.HBaseStorageHandler' WITH SERDEPROPERTIES("hbase.columns.mapping" = ":key,cf:score") TBLPROPERTIES("hbase.table.name" = "hbase_test", "hbase.mapred.output.outputtable" = "hbase_test");
OK
Time taken: 0.221 seconds
hive> show tables;
OK
hbase_test
hbase_testcourse
testcourse
Time taken: 0.024 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
备注：创建外部表和创建内部表的命令基本一致，唯一的区别就是：创建内部表使用create table，创建外部表使用create external table。

Hive 查看数据
hive> select * from hbase_test;
OK
hadoop  95
spark   97
storm   96
Time taken: 0.22 seconds, Fetched: 3 row(s)
hive>

该Hive表一个外部表，所以删除该表并不会删除HBase表中的数据，有几点需要注意的是：
a)、建表或映射表的时候如果没有指定:key则第一个列默认就是行键
b)、HBase对应的Hive表中没有时间戳概念，默认返回的就是最新版本的值
c)、由于HBase中没有数据类型信息，所以在存储数据的时候都转化为String类型

五、使用java连接hive操作hbase
pom.xml

<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
    xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
    <groupId>cn.itcast.hbase</groupId>
    <artifactId>hbase</artifactId>
    <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
    <dependencies>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hadoop/hadoop-client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-client</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hadoop</groupId>
            <artifactId>hadoop-common</artifactId>
            <version>2.6.4</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hadoop/hadoop-hdfs -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hbase/hbase-client -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-client</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hbase/hbase-server -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hbase</groupId>
            <artifactId>hbase-server</artifactId>
            <version>1.4.0</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hive/hive-jdbc -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
            <artifactId>hive-jdbc</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hive/hive-metastore -->
        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
            <artifactId>hive-metastore</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>
        <!-- https://mvnrepository.com/artifact/org.apache.hive/hive-jdbc -->

        <dependency>
            <groupId>org.apache.hive</groupId>
            <artifactId>hive-exec</artifactId>
            <version>1.2.1</version>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>
</project>

Hive_Hbase.java

package cn.itcast.bigdata.hbase;

import java.sql.Connection;
import java.sql.DriverManager;
import java.sql.ResultSet;
import java.sql.SQLException;
import java.sql.Statement;

public class Hive_Hbase {
    public static void main(String[] args) {

        try {
            Class.forName("org.apache.hive.jdbc.HiveDriver");
            Connection connection = DriverManager.getConnection("jdbc:hive2://hadoop1:10000/shizhan02","hadoop","");
            Statement statement = connection.createStatement();
            String sql = "SELECT * FROM hive_hbase_table_kv";
            ResultSet res = statement.executeQuery(sql);
            while (res.next()) {
                System.out.println(res.getString(2));
            }
        } catch (ClassNotFoundException | SQLException e) {
            // TODO Auto-generated catch block
            e.printStackTrace();
        }

    }

}
向AI问一下细节
推荐阅读：
  1. HBase 与Hive数据交互整合过程详解
  2. Hive lateral view 与 explode

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