elasticsearch如何安全加固？

elasticsearch3.4.6安全加固

安全从来不是等到出事才要注意的事情，可以说安全是第一重要的事情。技术总监、运维总监、架构师还是一线工程师，都应该有安全意识。
Elasticsearch 的用户现在越来越多，有些更加已经成为公司的基础服务，所以数据的安全更为重要。

资源下载：http://down.51cto.com/data/2446746

1.基础环境

1.1基础环境说明

系统：CentOS7.3
Elasticsearch：2.4.6
192.168.2.142  主节点
192.168.2.144  节点

1.2安装Elasticsearch

下载资源然后解压安装到/usr/share/elasticsearch

# cd /opt/
# unzip elasticsearch-2.4.6.zip 
Archive:  elasticsearch-2.4.6.zip
  inflating: elasticsearch-2.4.6.rpm
# rpm -ivh elasticsearch-2.4.6.rpm
rpm -vih elasticsearch-2.4.6.rpm 
warning: elasticsearch-2.4.6.rpm: Header V4 RSA/SHA1 Signature, key ID d88e42b4: NOKEY
Preparing...                          ################################# [100%]
Creating elasticsearch group... OK
Updating / installing...
   1:elasticsearch-2.4.6-1            ################################# [100%]
### NOT starting on installation, please execute the following statements to configure elasticsearch service to start automatically using systemd
 sudo systemctl daemon-reload
 sudo systemctl enable elasticsearch.service
### You can start elasticsearch service by executing
 sudo systemctl start elasticsearch.service

目录：/usr/share/elasticsearch

2.安装安全插件

2.1安装编译插件

插件已经编译安装完成，直接解压上传即可

# mkdir -p /usr/share/elasticsearch/config/
# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins
# unzip plugins.zip
#解压后要删除
# rm -rf plugins.zip

#修改配置文件访问
# vim /etc/elasticsearch/elasticsearch.yml
network.host: 0.0.0.0
#保存退出

2.2基础包安装

#yum install -y gcc gcc+ zlib*
#yum install openssl-devel

2.3安装工具包

下载源码包：http://down.51cto.com/6228054

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch
# unzip search-guard-ssl-2.4.6.zip

2.4修改默认配置

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/search-guard-ssl-2.4.6/example-pki-scripts/
修改vim example.sh
#!/bin/bash
set -e
./clean.sh
./gen_root_ca.sh elastic elastic
./gen_node_cert.sh 1 elastic elastic
./gen_node_cert.sh 2 elastic elastic
./gen_node_cert.sh 3 elastic elastic
./gen_client_node_cert.sh admin elastic elastic
#保存并退出

# chmod 777 *.sh
# sh example.sh

#参数说明：
./gen_root_ca.sh elastic elastic
第一个参数为CA_PASS，即CA密码（根证书密码）
第二个参数为TS_PASS，即TS密码（truststore，信任证书密码）
./gen_node_cert.sh 1 elastic elastic
第一个参数为node编号，生成证书后的文件名为node-1*
第二个参数为KS_PASS（keystore文件密码）
第三个参数为CA_PASS
./gen_client_node_cert.sh admin elastic elastic
第一个参数为客户端节点名称，生成证书后的文件名为admin*
第二个参数为KS_PASS
第三个参数为CA_PASS
#有几个节点就添加几个./gen_node_cert.sh 

sh example.sh 
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
....................................................................+++
........................................+++
writing new private key to 'ca/root-ca/private/root-ca.key'
-----
Using configuration from etc/root-ca.conf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 1 (0x1)
        Validity
            Not Before: May  8 02:20:51 2018 GMT
            Not After : May  7 02:20:51 2028 GMT
        Subject:
            domainComponent           = com
            domainComponent           = example
            organizationName          = Example Com Inc.
            organizationalUnitName    = Example Com Inc. Root CA
            commonName                = Example Com Inc. Root CA
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                15:D5:36:15:B1:9C:CF:26:3B:58:E1:C0:F5:DA:41:58:45:A4:55:9A
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:15:D5:36:15:B1:9C:CF:26:3B:58:E1:C0:F5:DA:41:58:45:A4:55:9A

Certificate is to be certified until May  7 02:20:51 2028 GMT (3652 days)

Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
Root CA generated
Generating a 2048 bit RSA private key
........................+++
.......+++
writing new private key to 'ca/signing-ca/private/signing-ca.key'
-----
Using configuration from etc/root-ca.conf
Check that the request matches the signature
Signature ok
Certificate Details:
        Serial Number: 2 (0x2)
        Validity
            Not Before: May  8 02:20:51 2018 GMT
            Not After : May  7 02:20:51 2028 GMT
        Subject:
            domainComponent           = com
            domainComponent           = example
            organizationName          = Example Com Inc.
            organizationalUnitName    = Example Com Inc. Signing CA
            commonName                = Example Com Inc. Signing CA
        X509v3 extensions:
            X509v3 Key Usage: critical
                Certificate Sign, CRL Sign
            X509v3 Basic Constraints: critical
                CA:TRUE, pathlen:0
            X509v3 Subject Key Identifier: 
                9F:10:46:5C:96:22:76:FB:4A:97:E3:D2:03:D4:E5:6B:52:24:93:E1
            X509v3 Authority Key Identifier: 
                keyid:15:D5:36:15:B1:9C:CF:26:3B:58:E1:C0:F5:DA:41:58:45:A4:55:9A

Certificate is to be certified until May  7 02:20:51 2028 GMT (3652 days)
Write out database with 1 new entries
Data Base Updated
Import back to keystore (including CA chain)
Certificate reply was installed in keystore
Entry for alias admin successfully imported.
Import command completed:  1 entries successfully imported, 0 entries failed or cancelled
MAC verified OK
MAC verified OK
MAC verified OK
All done for admin

2.5复制到config里面

#cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/search-guard-ssl-2.4.6/example-pki-scripts
#cp truststore.jks node-1-keystore.jks /usr/share/elasticsearch/config/
#cp truststore.jks admin-keystore.jks /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/search-guard-2/sgconfig/

3.修改权限

3.1修改配置文件及权限

#cd /usr/share/elasticsearch
#chmod -R 777 ./plugins/search-guard-2/tools/sgadmin.sh
#cd plugins/search-guard-2/
#chmod -R 777 tools/

3.2添加hash值

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/search-guard-2/tools
# ./hash.sh  -p vrv123456.
$2a$12$GKyqoWHek3T505HTwIBPceIwZxROvDQnjEQSds1k2hT4D8rBZqdke
# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch
vim plugins/search-guard-2/sgconfig/sg_internal_users.yml
将字符串复制到sg_internal_users.yml文件的对应用户密码位置，在密码下面记得写入原密码的提示，难保你那天忘记了。
elastic:
  hash: $2a$12$GKyqoWHek3T505HTwIBPceIwZxROvDQnjEQSds1k2hT4D8rBZqdke
  #password is: vrv123456.

3.3新建文件夹并赋予权限

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch
# mkdir -p data
# mkdir -p logs
# chmod 777 * logs
# chmod 777 * data

3.4修改用户权限

# vim /usr/share/elasticsearch/plugins/search-guard-2/sgconfig/sg_roles_mapping.yml 
 #添加用户权限 
sg_all_access:
  users:
    - admin
    - adm
    - elastic

3.5修改配置文件elasticsearch.yml

记得把源文件保存

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/config
# vim elasticsearch.yml
node.name: node-1
node.master: true
#
 path.data: /usr/share/elasticsearch/data
#
# Path to log files:
#
 path.logs: /usr/share/elasticsearch/logs
#添加
#-------------------search guard config--------------------------
security.manager.enabled: false
searchguard.authcz.admin_dn: -"CN=admin, OU=client, O=client, L=Test, C=DE"

#-------------------search guard ssl----------------------------------------
#------------------------transport layer SSL------------------------------------
searchguard.ssl.transport.enabled: true
searchguard.ssl.transport.keystore_filepath: node-1-keystore.jks
searchguard.ssl.transport.keystore_password: elastic
searchguard.ssl.transport.truststore_filepath: truststore.jks
searchguard.ssl.transport.truststore_password: elastic
searchguard.ssl.transport.enforce_hostname_verification: false
searchguard.ssl.transport.resolve_hostname: false
searchguard.ssl.http.enabled: true       #设置成true浏览器也无法访问，测试请改为false
searchguard.ssl.http.keystore_filepath: node-1-keystore.jks
searchguard.ssl.http.keystore_password: elastic
searchguard.ssl.http.truststore_filepath: truststore.jks
searchguard.ssl.http.truststore_password: elastic
searchguard.allow_all_from_loopback: true

4.验证节点

4.1初始化安全

cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/
./plugins/search-guard-2/tools/sgadmin.sh  \
-cd plugins/search-guard-2/sgconfig/ \
-ks config/node-1-keystore.jks \
-ts config/truststore.jks  \
-kspass elastic \
-tspass elastic \
-cn elasticsearch \
-h 192.168.2.142 \
-nhnv

4.2启动elastic

# su - elasticsearch
# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
# ./elasticsearch -d

4.3验证

http://192.168.2.142:9200/_plugin/kopf/#!/cluster

输入用户名：elastic 密码：vrv123456.

5.多节点验证

5.1 复制elastic程序到别的机器上

进入142服务器 把程序复制上传到144上
# cd /usr/share/
# scp -r elasticsearch/ root@192.168.2.144:/usr/share/

5.2复制文件到配置目录里

在144服务器上执行
# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/search-guard-ssl-2.4.6/
# cd example-pki-scripts/
# chmod 777 *
# cp -rf node-2-keystore.jks truststore.jks /usr/share/elasticsearch/config/
cp: overwrite ‘/usr/share/elasticsearch/config/truststore.jks’?

5.3赋予文件权限

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/config
# chmod 777 *

5.4修改配置文件

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/config
# vim elasticsearch.yml
修改内容
node.name: node-2  #节点
node.master: false
searchguard.ssl.transport.keystore_filepath: node-2-keystore.jks    #节点keystore文件，每个节点都不一样
searchguard.ssl.http.keystore_filepath: node-2-keystore.jks
#其余文件不变
wq!
保存退出

5.5添加用户

# useradd elasticsearch
# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/
# chown elasticsearch:elasticsearch plugins/

5.6删除date缓存文件

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/
# rm -rf data/*

5.6启动服务

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
# su elasticsearch
$ ./elasticsearch -d

5.7验证

http://192.168.2.142:9200/_plugin/kopf/#!/cluster

http://192.168.2.144:9200/_plugin/kopf/#!/cluster

输入用户名：elastic 密码：vrv123456.

6.安全加固

6.1 修改集群默认名字

vim /usr/share/elasticsearch/config/elasticsearch.yml
cluster.name: ceshi   #集群名字修改

6.2 禁用批量删除

Elasticsearch 支持通过 _all（全部）和通配符（*）来批量删除索引。
设置： action.destructive_requires_name: true 来禁用它。

6.3 不要以root身份去运行

# cd /usr/share/elasticsearch/bin
# su elasticsearch
$ ./elasticsearch -d

记住一定不要以 root 身份来运行 Elasticsearch。另外，不要和其他的服务公用相同的用户，然后还要把用户的权限最小化。

6.4 开启防火墙

#!/bin/bash
yum install iptables-services
systemctl enable iptables.service

cat> /etc/sysconfig/iptables<<EOF
# Firewall configuration written by system-config-firewall
# Manual customization of this file is not recommended.
*filter
:INPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
:FORWARD ACCEPT [0:0]
:OUTPUT ACCEPT [0:0]
-A INPUT -m state --state ESTABLISHED,RELATED -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -p icmp -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -i lo -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8080 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 22 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3306 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 50070 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8088 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 19888 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 45454 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 6188 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 8042 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 3000 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 16010 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 11000 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 18080 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 9200 -j ACCEPT
-A INPUT -m state --state NEW -m tcp -p tcp --dport 6188 -j ACCEPT

-A INPUT -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
-A FORWARD -j REJECT --reject-with icmp-host-prohibited
COMMIT
EOF
service iptables restart

7.总结

1.首先，请开启防火墙，并设置防火墙规则为只开启必备的端口。完成之后，使用扫描工具扫描服务器，检查端口开发情况。
2.如果可能，不要用密码的方法来远程登录服务器，尽可能使用公私钥的方式来 SSH 登录服务器。如果只能使用密码，请妥善保管好你的用户名和密码，禁用 root 用户，不用使用弱密码。
3.关注 Java 最新的漏洞，使用安全的 JVM 运行。
4.注意服务器及时更新最新的软件，使用安全的 repo 软件源。绑定软件源的 HOST 和 IP，避免 DNS 污染造成的，关注服务器软件漏洞，及时打上补丁。
5.收集系统日志和安装相应的检测软件，及时发现服务器是否有异常行为。

8.参考

http://www.elastic.co/cn/blog/reinforce-the-security-of-elasticsearch-101

9.后续预告

实战到此结束。后续再更新knox安全配置实战。