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@Conditional注解在Spring4.0中引入,其主要作用就是判断条件是否满足,从而决定是否初始化并向容器注册Bean。
@Conditional
注解定义如下:其内部只有一个参数为Class对象数组,且必须继承自Condition
接口,通过重写Condition
接口的matches
方法来判断是否需要加载Bean
@Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented public @interface Conditional { Class<? extends Condition>[] value(); }
Condition
接口定义如下:该接口为一个函数式接口,只有一个matches
接口,形参为ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata
。ConditionContext
定义如2.2.1
,AnnotatedTypeMetadata
见名知意,就是用来获取注解的元信息的
@FunctionalInterface public interface Condition { boolean matches(ConditionContext context, AnnotatedTypeMetadata metadata); }
2.2.1 ConditionContext
ConditionContext
接口定义如下:通过查看源码可以知道,从这个类中可以获取很多有用的信息
public interface ConditionContext { /** * 返回Bean定义信息 * Return the {@link BeanDefinitionRegistry} that will hold the bean definition * should the condition match. * @throws IllegalStateException if no registry is available (which is unusual: * only the case with a plain {@link ClassPathScanningCandidateComponentProvider}) */ BeanDefinitionRegistry getRegistry(); /** * 返回Bean工厂 * Return the {@link ConfigurableListableBeanFactory} that will hold the bean * definition should the condition match, or {@code null} if the bean factory is * not available (or not downcastable to {@code ConfigurableListableBeanFactory}). */ @Nullable ConfigurableListableBeanFactory getBeanFactory(); /** * 返回环境变量 比如在application.yaml中定义的信息 * Return the {@link Environment} for which the current application is running. */ Environment getEnvironment(); /** * 返回资源加载器 * Return the {@link ResourceLoader} currently being used. */ ResourceLoader getResourceLoader(); /** * 返回类加载器 * Return the {@link ClassLoader} that should be used to load additional classes * (only {@code null} if even the system ClassLoader isn't accessible). * @see org.springframework.util.ClassUtils#forName(String, ClassLoader) */ @Nullable ClassLoader getClassLoader(); }
通过一个简单的小例子测试一下@Conditional
是不是真的能实现Bean的条件化注入。
首先我们创建一个SpringBoot项目
3.1.1 导入依赖
这里我们除了springboot依赖,再添加个lombok依赖
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 https://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd"> <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion> <parent> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-parent</artifactId> <version>2.5.3</version> <relativePath/> <!-- lookup parent from repository --> </parent> <groupId>com.ldx</groupId> <artifactId>condition</artifactId> <version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version> <name>condition</name> <description>Demo project for Spring Boot</description> <properties> <java.version>1.8</java.version> </properties> <dependencies> <dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter</artifactId> </dependency> <dependency> <groupId>org.projectlombok</groupId> <artifactId>lombok</artifactId> <version>1.18.12</version> </dependency> </dependencies> <build> <plugins> <plugin> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-maven-plugin</artifactId> </plugin> </plugins> </build> </project>
3.1.2 添加配置信息
在application.yaml 中加入配置信息
user: enable: false
3.1.3 创建User类
package com.ldx.condition; import lombok.AllArgsConstructor; import lombok.Data; /** * 用户信息 * @author ludangxin * @date 2021/8/1 */ @Data @AllArgsConstructor public class User { private String name; private Integer age; }
3.1.4 创建条件实现类
package com.ldx.condition; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata; /** * 用户bean条件判断 * @author ludangxin * @date 2021/8/1 */ public class UserCondition implements Condition { @Override public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) { Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment(); // 获取property user.enable String property = environment.getProperty("user.enable"); // 如果user.enable的值等于true 那么返回值为true,反之为false return "true".equals(property); } }
3.1.5 修改启动类
package com.ldx.condition; import lombok.extern.slf4j.Slf4j; import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication; import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication; import org.springframework.context.ConfigurableApplicationContext; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional; @Slf4j @SpringBootApplication public class ConditionApplication { public static void main(String[] args) { ConfigurableApplicationContext applicationContext = SpringApplication.run(ConditionApplication.class, args); // 获取类型为User类的Bean User user = applicationContext.getBean(User.class); log.info("user bean === {}", user); } /** * 注入User类型的Bean */ @Bean @Conditional(UserCondition.class) public User getUser(){ return new User("张三",18); } }
3.2.1 当user.enable=false
报错找不到可用的User类型的Bean
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.3) 2021-08-01 17:07:51.994 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47036 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition) 2021-08-01 17:07:51.997 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2021-08-01 17:07:52.461 INFO 47036 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Started ConditionApplication in 0.791 seconds (JVM running for 1.371) Exception in thread "main" org.springframework.beans.factory.NoSuchBeanDefinitionException: No qualifying bean of type 'com.ldx.condition.User' available at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:351) at org.springframework.beans.factory.support.DefaultListableBeanFactory.getBean(DefaultListableBeanFactory.java:342) at org.springframework.context.support.AbstractApplicationContext.getBean(AbstractApplicationContext.java:1172) at com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication.main(ConditionApplication.java:16) Process finished with exit code 1
3.2.2 当user.enable=true
正常输出UserBean实例信息
. ____ _ __ _ _ /\\ / ___'_ __ _ _(_)_ __ __ _ \ \ \ \ ( ( )\___ | '_ | '_| | '_ \/ _` | \ \ \ \ \\/ ___)| |_)| | | | | || (_| | ) ) ) ) ' |____| .__|_| |_|_| |_\__, | / / / / =========|_|==============|___/=/_/_/_/ :: Spring Boot :: (v2.5.3) 2021-08-01 17:13:38.022 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Starting ConditionApplication using Java 1.8.0_261 on ludangxindeMacBook-Pro.local with PID 47129 (/Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition/target/classes started by ludangxin in /Users/ludangxin/workspace/idea/condition) 2021-08-01 17:13:38.024 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : No active profile set, falling back to default profiles: default 2021-08-01 17:13:38.434 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : Started ConditionApplication in 0.711 seconds (JVM running for 1.166) 2021-08-01 17:13:38.438 INFO 47129 --- [ main] com.ldx.condition.ConditionApplication : user bean === User(name=张三, age=18)
上面的例子通过使用@Conditional
和Condition
接口,实现了spring bean的条件化注入。
好处:
可以实现某些配置的开关功能,如上面的例子,我们可以将UserBean换成开启缓存的配置,当property的值为true时,我们才开启缓存的配置。
当有多个同名的bean时,如何抉择的问题。
实现自动化的装载。如判断当前classpath中有mysql的驱动类时(说明我们当前的系统需要使用mysql),我们就自动的读取application.yaml中的mysql配置,实现自动装载;当没有驱动时,就不加载。
从上面的使用说明中我们了解到了条件注解的大概使用方法,但是代码中还是有很多硬编码的问题。比如:UserCondition
中的property的key包括value都是硬编码,其实我们可以通过再扩展一个注解来实现动态的判断和绑定。
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Conditional; import java.lang.annotation.*; /** * 自定义条件属性注解 * <p> * 当配置的property name对应的值 与设置的 value值相等时,则注入bean * @author ludangxin * @date 2021/8/1 */ @Target({ElementType.TYPE, ElementType.METHOD}) @Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME) @Documented // 指定condition的实现类 @Conditional({UserCondition.class}) public @interface MyConditionOnProperty { // 配置信息的key String name(); // 配置信息key对应的值 String value(); }
package com.ldx.condition; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Condition; import org.springframework.context.annotation.ConditionContext; import org.springframework.core.env.Environment; import org.springframework.core.type.AnnotatedTypeMetadata; import java.util.Map; /** * 用户bean条件判断 * @author ludangxin * @date 2021/8/1 */ public class UserCondition implements Condition { @Override public boolean matches(ConditionContext conditionContext, AnnotatedTypeMetadata annotatedTypeMetadata) { Environment environment = conditionContext.getEnvironment(); // 获取自定义的注解 Map<String, Object> annotationAttributes = annotatedTypeMetadata.getAnnotationAttributes("com.ldx.condition.MyConditionOnProperty"); // 获取在注解中指定的name的property的值 如:user.enable的值 String property = environment.getProperty(annotationAttributes.get("name").toString()); // 获取预期的值 String value = annotationAttributes.get("value").toString(); return value.equals(property); } }
测试后,结果符合预期。
其实在spring中已经内置了许多常用的条件注解,其中我们刚实现的就在内置的注解中已经实现了,如下。
注解 | 说明 |
---|---|
@ConditionalOnSingleCandidate | 当给定类型的bean存在并且指定为Primary的给定类型存在时,返回true |
@ConditionalOnMissingBean | 当给定的类型、类名、注解、昵称在beanFactory中不存在时返回true.各类型间是or的关系 |
@ConditionalOnBean | 与上面相反,要求bean存在 |
@ConditionalOnMissingClass | 当给定的类名在类路径上不存在时返回true,各类型间是and的关系 |
@ConditionalOnClass | 与上面相反,要求类存在 |
@ConditionalOnCloudPlatform | 当所配置的CloudPlatform为激活时返回true |
@ConditionalOnExpression | spel表达式执行为true |
@ConditionalOnJava | 运行时的java版本号是否包含给定的版本号.如果包含,返回匹配,否则,返回不匹配 |
@ConditionalOnProperty | 要求配置属性匹配条件 |
@ConditionalOnJndi | 给定的jndi的Location 必须存在一个.否则,返回不匹配 |
@ConditionalOnNotWebApplication | web环境不存在时 |
@ConditionalOnWebApplication | web环境存在时 |
@ConditionalOnResource | 要求制定的资源存在 |
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