这篇文章主要介绍Linux下如何使用MaxScale实现数据库读写分离，文中介绍的非常详细，具有一定的参考价值，感兴趣的小伙伴们一定要看完！
MaxScale是maridb开发的一个mysql数据中间件，其配置简单，能够实现读写分离，并且可以根据主从状态实现写库的自动切换。
操作系统:CentOS Linux release 7.3.1611 (Core)
数据库:MariaDB-10.2.6-linux-glibc_214-x86_64
MaxScale服务器:10.200.10.55
主服务器:172.16.8.56
从服务器:172.16.8.57
从服务器:172.16.8.58
1.maxscale的安装方式有很多，例如源码安装、rpm、二进制构建等，我选择二进制进行安装。
根据场景需要下载相对应的版本，下载地址；https://mariadb.com/downloads/maxscale
[root@localhost ~]# groupadd maxscale [root@localhost ~]# useradd -g maxscale maxscale [root@localhost ~]# cd /usr/local [root@localhost local]# wget https://downloads.mariadb.com/MaxScale/2.1.3/centos/7server/x86_64/maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7.tar.gz [root@localhost local]# tar zxvf maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7.tar.gz [root@localhost local]# ln -s maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7 maxscale [root@localhost local]# cd maxscale [root@zhu56 maxscale]# chown -R maxscale var
建议创建软连接，这样有助于以后的版本升级及后期维护。
2.首次安装maxscale需要创建日志相关目录
[root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/log/maxscale [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/lib/maxscale [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/run/maxscale [root@localhost ~]# mkdir /var/cache/maxscale
3.以下目录必须具备maxscala用户权限
[root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/log/maxscale [root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/lib/maxscale [root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/run/maxscale [root@localhost ~]# chown maxscale /var/cache/maxscale
4.为了能让Maxscale能顺利启动，还需要创建配置文件，在Maxscale目录下有配置文件模板拷贝到etc下即可。
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/maxscale/etc/maxscale.cnf.template /etc/maxscale.cnf
5.在修改配置文件之前，需要在主服务器上创建一个用户并给予授权，而这个用户用于MySQL监控、路由功能
MariaDB [(none)]> create user 'jiankongdb'@'%' identified by 'jiankong123'; MariaDB [(none)]> grant SELECT on mysql.user to 'jiankongdb'@'%'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON mysql.db TO 'jiankongdb'@'%'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SELECT ON mysql.tables_priv TO 'jiankongdb'@'%'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT SHOW DATABASES ON *.* TO 'jiankongdb'@'%'; MariaDB [(none)]> grant REPLICATION CLIENT on *.* to 'jiankongdb'@'%'; MariaDB [(none)]> GRANT replication slave, replication client,SELECT ON *.* TO jiankongdb@'%';
6.查看授权情况
MariaDB [(none)]> SHOW GRANTS FOR'jiankong'@'%';
7.接下来就开始修改maxscale.cnf配置文件，否则无法启动。
[root@localhost ~]# vim /etc/maxscale.cnf # MaxScale documentation on GitHub: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Documentation-Contents.md # Global parameters # # Complete list of configuration options: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Getting-Started/Configuration-Guide.md #全局配置 [maxscale] threads=1 # Server definitions # # Set the address of the server to the network # address of a MySQL server. # [server1] type=server address=172.16.8.56 port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend serv_weight=1 [server2] type=server address=172.16.8.57 port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend serv_weight=3 [server3] type=server address=172.16.8.58 port=3306 protocol=MySQLBackend serv_weight=3 # Monitor for the servers # # This will keep MaxScale aware of the state of the servers. # MySQL Monitor documentation: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Monitors/MySQL-Monitor.md #MariaDB状态监控 [MySQL Monitor] type=monitor module=mysqlmon servers=server1,server2,server3 user=jiankong passwd=jiankong123 monitor_interval=10000 detect_stale_master=true #即使从全挂掉,保证主担任读写 # Service definitions # # Service Definition for a read-only service and # a read/write splitting service. # # ReadConnRoute documentation: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Routers/ReadConnRoute.md #读 [Read-Only Service] type=service router=readconnroute servers=server1,server2,server3 user=jiankong passwd=jiankong123 router_options=slave enable_root_user=1 #允许root用户登录执行 weightby=serv_weight #主从权重 # ReadWriteSplit documentation: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Routers/ReadWriteSplit.md #写 [Read-Write Service] type=service router=readwritesplit servers=server1,server2,server3 user=jiankong passwd=jiankong123 max_slave_connections=100% use_sql_variables_in=master #保证会话的一致性 enable_root_user=1 #允许root登录 max_slave_replication_lag=3600 #允许从超出主的同步时间,超出则不路由 # This service enables the use of the MaxAdmin interface # MaxScale administration guide: # https://github.com/mariadb-corporation/MaxScale/blob/2.1/Documentation/Reference/MaxAdmin.md [MaxAdmin Service] type=service router=cli # Listener definitions for the services # # These listeners represent the ports the # services will listen on. # [Read-Only Listener] type=listener service=Read-Only Service protocol=MySQLClient port=4008 [Read-Write Listener] type=listener service=Read-Write Service protocol=MySQLClient port=4006 [MaxAdmin Listener] type=listener service=MaxAdmin Service protocol=maxscaled socket=default
保存并退出。 8.下面创建启动脚本
[root@localhost ~]# cp /usr/local/maxscale-2.1.3.centos.7/share/maxscale.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/ [root@localhost ~]# vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/maxscale.service
9.修改maxscale.service中的ExecStart=///bin/maxscale为ExecStart=/usr/local/maxscale/bin/maxscale
[root@localhost ~]# chmod 755 /usr/lib/systemd/system/maxscale.service [root@localhost ~]# systemctl enable maxscale [root@localhost ~]# systemctl daemon-reload [root@localhost ~]# systemctl start maxscale
10.添加变量值
[root@localhost ~]# vi /etc/profile //最后一行添加以下内容保存退出！ PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/maxscale/bin export PATH [root@localhost ~]# source /etc/profile //使其变量立即生效
11.接下来就可以使用MaxAdmin进行管理。MaxAdmin是一个简单的客户端管理界面，可用于与MariaDB MaxScale服务器进行交互，可以显示MariaDB MaxScale内部的统计信息状态以及对MariaDB MaxScale操作的控制。详情： https://mariadb.com/kb/en/mariadb-enterprise/maxadmin-admin-interface/
[root@localhost ~]# maxadmin //回车 MaxScale> list servers Servers. ---------------+--------------+-------+-------------+----------------- Server | Address | Port | Connections | Status ---------------+--------------+-------+-------------+----------------- server1 | 172.16.8.56 | 3306 | 0 | Master, Running server2 | 172.16.8.57 | 3306 | 0 | Slave, Running server2 | 172.16.8.58 | 3306 | 0 | Slave, Running ---------------+--------------+-------+-------------+-----------------
12.至此MaxScale已经配置完成。现在就可以使用客户端连接Maxscale服务器端 端口为4006。
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