这篇文章主要介绍“angular的HttpClientModule模块如何使用”,在日常操作中,相信很多人在angular的HttpClientModule模块如何使用问题上存在疑惑,小编查阅了各式资料,整理出简单好用的操作方法,希望对大家解答”angular的HttpClientModule模块如何使用”的疑惑有所帮助!接下来,请跟着小编一起来学习吧!
该模块用于发送 Http
请求,用于发送请求的方法都返回 Observable
对象。
1)、引入 HttpClientModule 模块
// app.module.ts import { httpClientModule } from '@angular/common/http'; imports: [ httpClientModule ]
2)、注入 HttpClient 服务实例对象,用于发送请求
// app.component.ts import { HttpClient } from '@angular/common/http'; export class AppComponent { constructor(private http: HttpClient) {} }
3)、发送请求
import { HttpClient } from "@angular/common/http" export class AppComponent implements OnInit { constructor(private http: HttpClient) {} ngOnInit() { this.getUsers().subscribe(console.log) } getUsers() { return this.http.get("https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users") } }
this.http.get(url [, options]); this.http.post(url, data [, options]); this.http.delete(url [, options]); this.http.put(url, data [, options]);
this.http.get<Post[]>('/getAllPosts') .subscribe(response => console.log(response))
1、HttpParams 类
export declare class HttpParams { constructor(options?: HttpParamsOptions); has(param: string): boolean; get(param: string): string | null; getAll(param: string): string[] | null; keys(): string[]; append(param: string, value: string): HttpParams; set(param: string, value: string): HttpParams; delete(param: string, value?: string): HttpParams; toString(): string; }
2、HttpParamsOptions 接口
declare interface HttpParamsOptions { fromString?: string; fromObject?: { [param: string]: string | ReadonlyArray<string>; }; encoder?: HttpParameterCodec; }
3、使用示例
import { HttpParams } from '@angular/common/http'; let params = new HttpParams({ fromObject: {name: "zhangsan", age: "20"}}) params = params.append("sex", "male") let params = new HttpParams({ fromString: "name=zhangsan&age=20"})
请求头字段的创建需要使用 HttpHeaders 类,在类实例对象下面有各种操作请求头的方法。
export declare class HttpHeaders { constructor(headers?: string | { [name: string]: string | string[]; }); has(name: string): boolean; get(name: string): string | null; keys(): string[]; getAll(name: string): string[] | null; append(name: string, value: string | string[]): HttpHeaders; set(name: string, value: string | string[]): HttpHeaders; delete(name: string, value?: string | string[]): HttpHeaders; }
let headers = new HttpHeaders({ test: "Hello" })
declare type HttpObserve = 'body' | 'response'; // response 读取完整响应体 // body 读取服务器端返回的数据
this.http.get( "https://jsonplaceholder.typicode.com/users", { observe: "body" } ).subscribe(console.log)
拦截器是 Angular 应用中全局捕获和修改 HTTP 请求和响应的方式。(Token、Error)
拦截器将只拦截使用 HttpClientModule 模块发出的请求。
ng g interceptor <name>
6.1 请求拦截
@Injectable() export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor { constructor() {} // 拦截方法 intercept( // unknown 指定请求体 (body) 的类型 request: HttpRequest<unknown>, next: HttpHandler // unknown 指定响应内容 (body) 的类型 ): Observable<HttpEvent<unknown>> { // 克隆并修改请求头 const req = request.clone({ setHeaders: { Authorization: "Bearer xxxxxxx" } }) // 通过回调函数将修改后的请求头回传给应用 return next.handle(req) } }
6.2 响应拦截
@Injectable() export class AuthInterceptor implements HttpInterceptor { constructor() {} // 拦截方法 intercept( request: HttpRequest<unknown>, next: HttpHandler ): Observable<any> { return next.handle(request).pipe( retry(2), catchError((error: HttpErrorResponse) => throwError(error)) ) } }
6.3 拦截器注入
import { AuthInterceptor } from "./auth.interceptor" import { HTTP_INTERCEPTORS } from "@angular/common/http" @NgModule({ providers: [ { provide: HTTP_INTERCEPTORS, useClass: AuthInterceptor, multi: true } ] })
1、在项目的根目录下创建 proxy.conf.json 文件并加入如下代码
{ "/api/*": { "target": "http://localhost:3070", "secure": false, "changeOrigin": true } }
/api/*:在应用中发出的以 /api 开头的请求走此代理
target:服务器端 URL
secure:如果服务器端 URL 的协议是 https,此项需要为 true
changeOrigin:如果服务器端不是 localhost, 此项需要为 true
2、指定 proxy 配置文件 (方式一)
"scripts": { "start": "ng serve --proxy-config proxy.conf.json", }
3、指定 proxy 配置文件 (方式二)
"serve": { "options": { "proxyConfig": "proxy.conf.json" },
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