最近闲来无事,打算开始写博客,也算是对自己知识的一个总结。本篇将讲解如何使用HttpClient模拟登录正方教务系统。
需要使用道德jar包：HttpClient,Jsoup.(下载jar包)
本次模拟登录的成都大学的教务系统,其他学校的教务系统,可参照本文给出的流程和代码进行修改并测试。
基本流程:
1).使用谷歌浏览器打开教务系统首页，并打开浏览器开发者工具记录浏览过程，然后正常登录并浏览自己的课表,成绩等信息。
2).下载jar包,将jar引用到自己需要的项目中，可创建一个新的工具类。
3).创建HttpClient实例，接着创建HttpRequestBase实例，接着调用HttpClient.execute()的方法获取HttpResponse实例。得到验证码图片及其他数据。
测试代码:
public class LoginUtil {
// 教务系统首页
private String mainUrl = "http://202.115.80.153/";
// 验证码获取页面
private String checkCodeUrl = "http://202.115.80.153/CheckCode.aspx";
// 验证码图片保存路径
private String checkCodeDes = "C:\\Users\\linYang\\Desktop";
// 登陆页面
private String loginUrl = "http://202.115.80.153/default2.aspx";
// 进入教务系统首页获取的Cookie
private String cookie = "";
// 学生学号
private String stuNo = "201210411122";
// 教务系统密码,为保护隐私，现将密码隐藏
private String password = "******";
// 教务系统对应的学生姓名
private String realName = "";
// 登录成功后，重定向的页面
private String contentUrl = "http://202.115.80.153/xs_main.aspx?xh=" + stuNo;
// 获取课程的页面
private String courseUrl = "http://202.115.80.153/xskbcx.aspx?xh=" + stuNo;
// 课程编号
private String courseNo = "gnmkdm=N121603";
// 成绩编号
private String soureNo = "";
// HttpClient对象
private HttpClient httpClient = null;
public void scanMainUrl() throws Exception {
httpClient = HttpClients.createDefault();
//根据浏览器个记录，是GET方法就使用HttpGet,是POST就是用HttpPost
HttpGet getMainUrl = new HttpGet(mainUrl);
//通过调用HttpClient的execute(HttpRequestBase)方法获得HttpResponse实例
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getMainUrl);
//获取Cookie
cookie = response.getFirstHeader("Set-Cookie").getValue();
//输出Cookie的值到控制台
System.out.println(cookie);
//将HTML网页解析成String，方便获取Form中隐藏的参数以及需要的元素的信息
String tempHtml = parseToString(response);
//构造需要查询元素的集合
List<QueryEntity> keyWords = new ArrayList<QueryEntity>();
//添加查询元素信息，这里新定义了一个实例类
keyWords.add(new QueryEntity("input[name=__VIEWSTATE]", "val", null));
//获取查询信息集合
List<String> values = getValuesByKeyWords(tempHtml, keyWords);
//获取验证码图片
getMainUrl = new HttpGet(checkCodeUrl);
response = httpClient.execute(getMainUrl);
//将验证码请求返回流解析成图片保存到桌面,开发人员也可根据需要可申请API直接编程获取验证码字符串
parseIsToImage(response.getEntity().getContent());
//调用登录方法进行登录操作
login(values, httpClient, response);
}
public void login(List<String> values, HttpClient httpClient, HttpResponse response) throws Exception {
System.out.println("请输入验证码：");
//扫描输入获的验证码
Scanner scanner = new Scanner(System.in);
String checkCode = scanner.nextLine();
//创建一个HttpPost实例，进行模拟登录操作
HttpPost httpPost = new HttpPost(loginUrl);
//设置HttpPost的头信息
httpPost.addHeader("Cookie", cookie);
httpPost.addHeader("Accept", "text/html,application/xhtml+xml,application/xml;q=0.9,p_w_picpath/webp,*/*;q=0.8");
httpPost.addHeader("Content-Type", "application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
httpPost.addHeader("Referer", mainUrl);
List<NameValuePair> requestEntity = new ArrayList<NameValuePair>();
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("__VIEWSTATE", values.get(0)));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("txtUserName", stuNo));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("TextBox2", password));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("txtSecretCode", checkCode));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("RadioButtonList1", "%D1%A7%C9%FA"));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("Button1", ""));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("lbLanguage", ""));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("hidPdrs", ""));
requestEntity.add(new BasicNameValuePair("hidsc", ""));
//设置httpPost请求体
httpPost.setEntity(new UrlEncodedFormEntity(requestEntity, "gb2312"));
response = httpClient.execute(httpPost);
judgeLoginSuccess(response);
}
/* 判断是否登录成功 */
private void judgeLoginSuccess(HttpResponse response) throws Exception {
// TODO Auto-generated method stub
//判断网页是否重定向,不能重定向,则需要检查参数是否遗漏,密码是否错误!
if (response.getStatusLine().getStatusCode() == 302) {
System.out.println("登录成功！！");
HttpGet getContent = new HttpGet(contentUrl);
getContent.setHeader("Referer", mainUrl);
getContent.setHeader("Cookie", cookie);
response = httpClient.execute(getContent);
String tempHtml = parseToString(response);
System.out.println(tempHtml);
List<QueryEntity> keyWords = new ArrayList<QueryEntity>();
keyWords.add(new QueryEntity("span#xhxm", "text", null));
//获取学生姓名
realName = getValuesByKeyWords(tempHtml, keyWords).get(0);
getCourse();
} else {
System.out.println("登录失败！！");
}
}
/* 获取课程页面 */
public void getCourse() throws Exception {
String courseUrl1 = courseUrl + "&xm=" + realName + "&" + courseNo;
HttpGet getCourse = new HttpGet(courseUrl1);
getCourse.setHeader("Referer", "http://202.115.80.153/xs_main.aspx?xh=201210411122");
getCourse.setHeader("Cookie", cookie);
HttpResponse response = httpClient.execute(getCourse);
String temp = parseToString(response);
System.out.println("\n课程页面:" + temp);
}
public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
new LoginUtil().scanMainUrl();
}
//将InputStream解析成图片
public void parseIsToImage(InputStream is) throws Exception {
FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(new File(checkCodeDes, "CheckCode.gif"));
byte[] tempData = new byte[1024];
int len = 0;
while ((len = is.read(tempData)) != -1) {
fos.write(tempData, 0, len);
}
fos.close();
is.close();
}
//将HttpResponse解析成String
public String parseToString(HttpResponse response) throws Exception {
InputStream is = response.getEntity().getContent();
BufferedReader reader = new BufferedReader(new InputStreamReader(is));
String line = null;
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
while ((line = reader.readLine()) != null) {
builder.append(line + "\n");
}
reader.close();
is.close();
return builder.toString();
}
//传入查询集合，获取需要查询元素的值，使用java反射进行封装，简化操作
public List<String> getValuesByKeyWords(String html, List<QueryEntity> queryEntities) throws Exception {
List<String> values = new ArrayList<String>();
Element body = Jsoup.parse(html).select("body").get(0);
for (QueryEntity entity : queryEntities) {
Element element = body.select(entity.targetSelector).get(0);
Method method = null;
String value = null;
Class<?> clazz = element.getClass();
if (entity.methodParms == null) {
method = clazz.getMethod(entity.methodName);
value = (String) method.invoke(element, new Object[] {});
} else {
method = clazz.getMethod(entity.methodName, new Class[] { String.class });
value = (String) method.invoke(element, new Object[] { entity.methodParms });
}
//输出选择器和对应选择器的值到控制台
System.out.println(entity.targetSelector + "\t" + value);
values.add(value);
}
return values;
}
}
//定义查询html元素的查询体实体类，目的在于简化查询操作
class QueryEntity {
String targetSelector;
String methodName;
String methodParms;
/**
* @param targetSelector 选择器
* @param methodName 获取值的方法名
* @param methodParms 方法回调参数
*/
public QueryEntity(String targetSelector, String methodName, String methodParms){
this.targetSelector = targetSelector;
this.methodName = methodName;
this.methodParms = methodParms;
}
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