本篇内容介绍了“Docker Compose容器集群怎么快速编排”的有关知识，在实际案例的操作过程中，不少人都会遇到这样的困境，接下来就让小编带领大家学习一下如何处理这些情况吧！希望大家仔细阅读，能够学有所成！
Docker-Compose项目是Docker官方的开源项目，负责实现对Docker容器集群的快速编排。
Docker-Compose将所管理的容器分为三层，分别是 工程（project），服务（service）以及容器（container）。Docker-Compose运行目录下的所有文件（docker-compose.yml，extends文件或环境变量文件等）组成一个工程，若无特殊指定工程名即为当前目录名。一个工程当中可包含多个服务，每个服务中定义了容器运行的镜像、参数、依赖。一个服务当中可包括多个容器实例，Docker-Compose并没有解决负载均衡的问题，因此需要借助其它工具实现服务发现及负载均衡，比如 Consul。
Docker-Compose的工程配置文件默认为docker-compose.yml，可通过环境变量COMPOSE_FILE或-f参数自定义配置文件，其定义了多个有依赖关系的服务及每个服务运行的容器。
使用一个Dockerfile模板文件，可以让用户很方便的定义一个单独的应用容器。在工作中，经常会碰到需要多个容器相互配合来完成某项任务的情况。例如要实现一个Web项目，除了Web服务容器本身，往往还需要再加上后端的数据库服务容器，甚至还包括负载均衡容器等。
Compose允许用户通过一个单独的docker-compose.yml模板文件（YAML 格式）来定义一组相关联的应用容器为一个项目（project）。
Docker-Compose项目由Python编写，调用Docker服务提供的API来对容器进行管理。因此，只要所操作的平台支持Docker API， 就可以在其上利用Compose来进行编排管理。
Docker Compose 是 Docker 的独立产品，因此需要安装 Docker 之后在单独安装 Docker Compose
#下载 curl -L https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.21.1/docker-compose-`uname -s`-`uname -m` -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose #或者已下载过直接从宿主机传入到/opt目录下 mv docker-compose /usr/local/bin/ #安装 chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose #查看版本 docker-compose --version
YAML 是一种标记语言，它可以很直观的展示数据序列化格式，可读性高。类似于 XML数据描述语言，语法比 XML 简单的很多。YAML 数据结构通过缩进来表示，连续的项目通过减号来表示，键值对用冒号分隔，数组用中括号 [ ] 括起来， hash 用花括号 { } 括起来。
YAML 文件格式及编写注意事项
大小与敏感
通过缩进表示层级关系
不支持制表符tab键缩进，只能使用空格缩进
缩进的空格数目不重要，只要相同层级左对齐，通常开头缩进2个空格
用#号注释
符号字符后缩进1个空格，如冒号：、逗号，、横杠-
Docker Compose配置常用字段
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| build | 指定Dockerfile文件名（要指定的Dockerfile文件需要在build标签的子级标签中用dockerfile标签指定） |
| dockerfile | 构建镜像上下文路径 |
| context | 可以是dockerfile路径，或者是执行git 仓库的url地址 |
| image | 指定镜像（已存在） |
| command | 执行命令，会覆盖容器启动后默认执行的命令（会覆盖Dockerfile的CMD指令） |
| container_name | 指定容器名称，由于容器名称是唯一的，如果指定自定义名称，则无法scale |
| deploy | 指定部署和运行服务相关配置，只能在Swarm模式使用 |
| enviroment | 添加环境变量 |
| networks | 加入网络，引用顶级networks下条目 |
| networks-mode | 设置容器的网络模式，host、bridge..... |
| ports | 暴露容器端口，与-p 相同，但是端口不能低于60 |
| volumes | 挂载一个宿主机目录或命令卷到容器，命名卷要在顶级volumes 定义卷名称 |
| volumes_from | 从另一个服务或容器挂载卷，可选参数 :ro 和 :rw，仅版本'2'支持 |
| hostname | 容器主机名 |
| sysctls | 在容器内设置内核参数 |
| links | 连接到另一个容器，- 服务名称[ :服务别名 ] |
| privilcgcd | 用来给容器root权限，注意是不安全的，truc|false（开启|关闭） |
| restart | 重启策略，定义是否重启容器； no（默认，不重启）， always（总是重启）， on-failure,（退出状态非0时重启）, on-failure:3 ,在容器非正常退出时重启容器，最多重启3次， unless-stoped 在容器退出时总是重启容器，但是不考虑在Docker 守护进程启动时就已经停止了的容器 |
| depends_on | 此标签用于解决容器的依赖，启动先后问题。如启动应用容器，需要先启动数据库容器php: depends_on: - apache - mysql |
| 字段 | 描述 |
|---|---|
| build | 重新构建服务 |
| ps | 列出容器 |
| up | 创建和启动容器 |
| exec | 在容器里面执行命令 |
| scale | 指定一个服务容器启动数量 |
| top | 显示正在运行的容器进程 |
| logs | 查看服务容器的输出 |
| down | 删除容器、网络、数据卷和镜像 |
| stop/start/restart | 停止/启动/重启服务 |
vim /etc/sysctl.conf net.ipv4.ip_forward = 1 #末行添加 sysctl -p #刷新配置 systemctl restart docker #重启docker服务
FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is nginx images<gb> RUN yum -y install pcre-devel zlib-devel gcc gcc-c++ make RUN useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ADD nginx-1.12.0.tar.gz /opt/ WORKDIR /opt/nginx-1.12.0/ RUN ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/nginx \ --user=nginx \ --group=nginx \ --with-http_stub_status_module && make -j4 && make install ENV PATH $PATH:/usr/local/nginx/sbin ADD nginx.conf /usr/local/nginx/conf/ RUN chmod 777 -R /usr/local/nginx/html/ EXPOSE 80 EXPOSE 443 CMD ["/usr/local/nginx/sbin/nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
准备配置好nginx配置文件（添加支持php解析配置）
#user nobody;
worker_processes 1;
#error_log logs/error.log;
#error_log logs/error.log notice;
#error_log logs/error.log info;
#pid logs/nginx.pid;
events {
worker_connections 1024;
}
http {
include mime.types;
default_type application/octet-stream;
#log_format main '$remote_addr - $remote_user [$time_local] "$request" '
# '$status $body_bytes_sent "$http_referer" '
# '"$http_user_agent" "$http_x_forwarded_for"';
#access_log logs/access.log main;
sendfile on;
#tcp_nopush on;
#keepalive_timeout 0;
keepalive_timeout 65;
#gzip on;
server {
listen 80;
server_name localhost;
charset utf-8;
#access_log logs/host.access.log main;
location / {
root html;
index index.html index.php;
}
#error_page 404 /404.html;
# redirect server error pages to the static page /50x.html
#
error_page 500 502 503 504 /50x.html;
location = /50x.html {
root html;
}
# proxy the PHP scripts to Apache listening on 127.0.0.1:80
#
#location ~ \.php$ {
# proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1;
#}
# pass the PHP scripts to FastCGI server listening on 127.0.0.1:9000
#
location ~ \.php$ {
root html;
fastcgi_pass 172.18.0.30:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
# deny access to .htaccess files, if Apache's document root
# concurs with nginx's one
#
#location ~ /\.ht {
# deny all;
#}
}
# another virtual host using mix of IP-, name-, and port-based configuration
#
#server {
# listen 8000;
# listen somename:8080;
# server_name somename alias another.alias;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
# HTTPS server
#
#server {
# listen 443 ssl;
# server_name localhost;
# ssl_certificate cert.pem;
# ssl_certificate_key cert.key;
# ssl_session_cache shared:SSL:1m;
# ssl_session_timeout 5m;
# ssl_ciphers HIGH:!aNULL:!MD5;
# ssl_prefer_server_ciphers on;
# location / {
# root html;
# index index.html index.htm;
# }
#}
}
折叠vim my.cnf [client] port = 3306 socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock [mysqld] user = mysql basedir=/usr/local/mysql datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data port = 3306 character-set-server=utf8 pid-file = /usr/local/mysql/mysqld.pid socket=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock bind-address = 0.0.0.0 skip-name-resolve max_connections=2048 default-storage-engine=INNODB max_allowed_packet=16M server-id = 1 sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES,NO_AUTO_CREATE_USER,NO_AUTO_VALUE_ON_ZERO,NO_ZERO_IN_DATE,NO_ZERO_DATE,ERROR_FOR_DIVISION_BY_ZERO,PIPES_AS_CONCAT,ANSI_QUOTES
FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is mysql image <lnmp> RUN yum -y install gcc gcc-c++ ncurses ncurses-devel bison cmake make;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin mysql ADD mysql-boost-5.7.20.tar.gz /usr/local/src/ WORKDIR /usr/local/src/mysql-5.7.20/ RUN cmake \ -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \ -DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ -DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \ -DSYSTEMD_PID_DIR=/usr/local/mysql \ -DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \ -DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci \ -DWITH_EXTRA_CHARSETS=all \ -DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DWITH_PERFSCHEMA_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \ -DMYSQL_DATADIR=/usr/local/mysql/data \ -DWITH_BOOST=boost \ -DWITH_SYSTEMD=1;make -j 4;make install ADD my.cnf /etc/my.cnf EXPOSE 3306 RUN chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/;chown mysql:mysql /etc/my.cnf WORKDIR /usr/local/mysql/bin/ RUN ./mysqld \ --initialize-insecure \ --user=mysql \ --basedir=/usr/local/mysql \ --datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data;cp /usr/local/mysql/usr/lib/systemd/system/mysqld.service /usr/lib/systemd/system/;systemctl enable mysqld ENV PATH=/usr/local/mysql/bin:/usr/local/mysql/lib:$PATH VOLUME [ "/usr/local/mysql" ] CMD ["/usr/sbin/init"]
编写Dockerfile文件
FROM centos:7 MAINTAINER this is php image <lnmp> RUN yum install -y gd \ libjpeg libjpeg-devel \ libpng libpng-devel \ freetype freetype-devel \ libxml2 libxml2-devel \ zlib zlib-devel \ curl curl-devel \ openssl openssl-devel \ gcc gcc-c++ make pcre-devel;useradd -M -s /sbin/nologin nginx ADD php-7.1.10.tar.bz2 /usr/local/src/ WORKDIR /usr/local/src/php-7.1.10 RUN ./configure \ --prefix=/usr/local/php \ --with-mysql-sock=/usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock \ --with-mysqli \ --with-zlib \ --with-curl \ --with-gd \ --with-jpeg-dir \ --with-png-dir \ --with-freetype-dir \ --with-openssl \ --enable-fpm \ --enable-mbstring \ --enable-xml \ --enable-session \ --enable-ftp \ --enable-pdo \ --enable-tokenizer \ --enable-zip ; make -j 4 ; make install ENV PATH /usr/local/php/bin:/usr/local/php/sbin:$PATH ADD php.ini /usr/local/php/lib/ ADD php-fpm.conf /usr/local/php/etc/ RUN rm -rf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/www.conf.default ADD www.conf /usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/ EXPOSE 9000 CMD /usr/local/php/sbin/php-fpm -F
将所需的三个配置文件修改后写入
vim php-fpm.conf [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf vim php.ini [PHP] engine = On short_open_tag = Off precision = 14 output_buffering = 4096 zlib.output_compression = Off implicit_flush = Off unserialize_callback_func = serialize_precision = -1 disable_functions = disable_classes = zend.enable_gc = On expose_php = On max_execution_time = 30 max_input_time = 60 memory_limit = 128M error_reporting = E_ALL display_errors = On display_startup_errors = On log_errors = On log_errors_max_len = 1024 ignore_repeated_errors = Off ignore_repeated_source = Off report_memleaks = On track_errors = On html_errors = On variables_order = "GPCS" request_order = "GP" register_argc_argv = Off auto_globals_jit = On post_max_size = 8M auto_prepend_file = auto_append_file = default_mimetype = "text/html" default_charset = "UTF-8" doc_root = user_dir = enable_dl = Off file_uploads = On upload_max_filesize = 2M max_file_uploads = 20 allow_url_fopen = On allow_url_include = Off default_socket_timeout = 60 [CLI Server] cli_server.color = On [Date] date.timezone = Asia/Shanghai [filter] [iconv] [intl] [sqlite3] [Pcre] [Pdo] [Pdo_mysql] pdo_mysql.cache_size = 2000 pdo_mysql.default_socket= [Phar] [mail function] SMTP = localhost smtp_port = 25 mail.add_x_header = On [SQL] sql.safe_mode = Off [ODBC] odbc.allow_persistent = On odbc.check_persistent = On odbc.max_persistent = -1 odbc.max_links = -1 odbc.defaultlrl = 4096 odbc.defaultbinmode = 1 [Interbase] ibase.allow_persistent = 1 ibase.max_persistent = -1 ibase.max_links = -1 ibase.timestampformat = "%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S" ibase.dateformat = "%Y-%m-%d" ibase.timeformat = "%H:%M:%S" [MySQLi] mysqli.max_persistent = -1 mysqli.allow_persistent = On mysqli.max_links = -1 mysqli.cache_size = 2000 mysqli.default_port = 3306 mysqli.default_socket = /usr/local/mysql/mysql.sock mysqli.default_host = mysqli.default_user = mysqli.default_pw = mysqli.reconnect = Off [mysqlnd] mysqlnd.collect_statistics = On mysqlnd.collect_memory_statistics = On [OCI8] [PostgreSQL] pgsql.allow_persistent = On pgsql.auto_reset_persistent = Off pgsql.max_persistent = -1 pgsql.max_links = -1 pgsql.ignore_notice = 0 pgsql.log_notice = 0 [bcmath] bcmath.scale = 0 [browscap] [Session] session.save_handler = files session.use_strict_mode = 0 session.use_cookies = 1 session.use_only_cookies = 1 session.name = PHPSESSID session.auto_start = 0 session.cookie_lifetime = 0 session.cookie_path = / session.cookie_domain = session.cookie_httponly = session.serialize_handler = php session.gc_probability = 1 session.gc_divisor = 1000 session.gc_maxlifetime = 1440 session.referer_check = session.cache_limiter = nocache session.cache_expire = 180 session.use_trans_sid = 0 session.sid_length = 26 session.trans_sid_tags = "a=href,area=href,frame=src,form=" session.sid_bits_per_character = 5 [Assertion] zend.assertions = 1 [COM] [mbstring] [gd] [exif] [Tidy] tidy.clean_output = Off [soap] soap.wsdl_cache_enabled=1 soap.wsdl_cache_dir="/tmp" soap.wsdl_cache_ttl=86400 soap.wsdl_cache_limit = 5 [sysvshm] [ldap] ldap.max_links = -1 [mcrypt] [dba] [opcache] [curl] [openssl] vim php-fpm.conf [global] pid = run/php-fpm.pid include=/usr/local/php/etc/php-fpm.d/*.conf 折叠 vim www.conf [www] user = nginx group = nginx listen = 172.18.0.30:9000 pm = dynamic pm.max_children = 5 pm.start_servers = 2 pm.min_spare_servers = 1 pm.max_spare_servers = 3
编写docker-compose.yml文件
version: '2' services: nginx: container_name: nginx build: context: ./nginx dockerfile: Dockerfile ports: - 80:80 networks: lnmp: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.10 mysql: container_name: mysql privileged: true build: context: ./mysql dockerfile: Dockerfile ports: - 3306:3306 networks: lnmp: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.20 php: depends_on: - nginx - mysql build: context: ./php dockerfile: Dockerfile container_name: php ports: - 9000:9000 networks: lnmp: ipv4_address: 172.18.0.30 volumes_from: - nginx - mysql networks: lnmp: driver: bridge ipam: config: - subnet: 172.18.0.0/16 折叠 #启动容器 docker-compose -f docker-compose.yml up -d docker ps -a
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