在本人之前的一篇文章<<Appium基于安卓的各种FindElement的控件定位方法实践和建议>>第二章节谈到Appium可以通过使用UIAutomator的方法去定位Android界面上的控件，当时只是一笔带过举了个例子。如该文给自己的承诺，今天特撰写此文以描述UIAutomator各种控件定位的方法，以作为前文的姊妹篇互通有无。
为了和前文达成一致，这次的实践对象同样也是使用SDK自带的NotePad应用，同样是尝试去获得在NotesList那个Activity里的Menu Options上面的那个Add note菜单选项。以下是UIAutomatorViewer对界面的一个截图.
但有一个例外的地方是下文的”通过伪xpath方法定位控件“章节实例需要使用到的是NoteEditor这个activity里面的Menu options，因为需要演示通过子控件获得父控件然后得到兄弟控件的功能，UIAutomatorViewer截图如下。
addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");该方法通过直接查找当前界面上所有的控件来比较每个控件的text属性是否如预期值来定位控件，挺好理解的，所以就没有必要细说了。 addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().textContains("Add")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");此方法跟以上方法类似，但是不需要输入控件的全部text信息。 addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().textStartsWith("Add")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");顾名思义，通过判断一个控件的text的开始是否和预期的字串相吻合来获得控件，其实个人觉得这个方法存在的必要性不强，因为它的功能完全可以用上面的方法或者下面的正则表达式的方法取代。况且既然你提供了textStartsWith方法，为什么你不提供个textEndWith的方法呢！ addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().textMatches("^Add.*")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");这个方法是通过正则表达式的方式来比较控件的text来定位控件，这里有意思的是用户使用的正则表达式是有限制的，请看该方法的官方描述：”Set the search criteria to match the visible text displayed for a widget (for example, the text label to launch an app). The text for the widget must match exactly with the string in your input argument“。第一句我们不用管它，关键是第二句，翻译过来就是”目标控件的text（的所有内容）必须和我们输入的正则表达式完全匹配“。什么意思呢？意思就是你不能像往常的正则表达式那样通过比较text的部分吻合来获得控件。以下面代码为例子： addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().textMatches("^Add")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");正常来说这个正则表达式是没有问题的，它的意思就是想要“获取以Add开头的text的控件，至于Add字串口面是什么值，没有必要去管它”。但是按照我们上面的官方描述，这样子是不行的，你必须要把正则表达式补充完整以使得正而表达式和控件的text完全进行匹配，至于你用什么通配符或者字串就完全按照正则表达式的语法了。通过这种方法定位控件存在的一个问题是很容易发生重复，所以一般都是先用这种方法去narrow down目标控件，然后再去添加其他如text判断等条件进行控件定位。
addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.TextView").text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");实例中首先通过ClassName找到所有的TextView控件，然后再在这些TextView控件查找text是”Add note“的控件。 addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().classNameMatches(".*TextView$")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");通过正则表达式判断className是否和预期的一致，注意正则表达式的限制和章节2.4描述的一致。 save = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Save")); assertEquals(save.getText(),"Save"); delete = save.getFromParent(new UiSelector().text("Delete")); assertEquals(delete.getText(),"Delete");UiSelector.fromParent方法（这个例子有点迂回笨拙，但为了演示功能就将就着看吧）： delete = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Save").fromParent(new UiSelector().text("Delete"))); assertEquals(delete.getText(),"Delete"); UiObject parentView = new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.view.View")); save = parentView.getChild(new UiSelector().text("Save")); assertEquals(save.getText(),"Save");UiSelector.childSelector方法： save = new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.view.View").childSelector(new UiSelector().text("Save"))); assertEquals(save.getText(),"Save"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("android:id/title")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceIdMatches(".+id/title")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");注意正则表达式的限制和章节2.4描述的一致 addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().description("AddNoteMenuDesc)); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note");</pre><h3>6.2 UiSelector.descriptionContains方法</h3></div><div><pre name="code" class="java"> addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("AddNote")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().descriptionStartsWith("AddNote")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); //addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().descriptionMatches("^AddNote.*$")); //assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); package majcit.com.UIAutomatorDemo; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiDevice; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObject; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiObjectNotFoundException; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiScrollable; import com.android.uiautomator.core.UiSelector; import com.android.uiautomator.testrunner.UiAutomatorTestCase; import static org.hamcrest.Matchers.*; import static org.hamcrest.MatcherAssert.assertThat; public class UISelectorFindElementTest extends UiAutomatorTestCase { public void testDemo() throws UiObjectNotFoundException { UiDevice device = getUiDevice(); device.pressHome(); // Start Notepad UiObject appNotes = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Notes")); appNotes.click(); //Sleep 3 seconds till the app get ready try { Thread.sleep(3000); } catch (InterruptedException e1) { // TODO Auto-generated catch block e1.printStackTrace(); } //Evoke the system menu option device.pressMenu(); UiObject addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject (new UiSelector().checked(false).clickable(true)); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.TextView").text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().classNameMatches(".*TextView$")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); //addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().description("AddNoteMenuDesc)); //assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); //addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().descriptionContains("AddNote")); //assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); //addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().descriptionStartsWith("AddNote")); //assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); //addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().descriptionMatches("^AddNote.*$")); //assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().focusable(true).text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().focused(false).text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); //TBD //addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().fromParent(selector)) addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().index(0).text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.TextView").enabled(true).instance(0)); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().longClickable(false).text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Add note")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().textContains("Add")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().textStartsWith("Add")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().textMatches("Add.*")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceId("android:id/title")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); addNote = new UiObject(new UiSelector().resourceIdMatches(".+id/title")); assertEquals(addNote.getText(),"Add note"); //Go to the editor activity, need to cancel menu options first device.pressMenu(); //Find out the new added note entry UiScrollable noteList = new UiScrollable( new UiSelector().className("android.widget.ListView")); //UiScrollable noteList = new UiScrollable( new UiSelector().scrollable(true)); UiObject note = null; if(noteList.exists()) { note = noteList.getChildByText(new UiSelector().className("android.widget.TextView"), "Note1", true); //note = noteList.getChildByText(new UiSelector().text("Note1"), "Note1", true); } else { note = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Note1")); } assertNotNull(note); //Go to the NoteEditor activity note.click(); device.pressMenu(); UiObject save = null; UiObject delete = null; save = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Save")); assertEquals(save.getText(),"Save"); delete = save.getFromParent(new UiSelector().text("Delete")); assertEquals(delete.getText(),"Delete"); delete = new UiObject(new UiSelector().text("Save").fromParent(new UiSelector().text("Delete"))); assertEquals(delete.getText(),"Delete"); save = new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.view.View").childSelector(new UiSelector().text("Save"))); assertEquals(save.getText(),"Save"); UiObject parentView = new UiObject(new UiSelector().className("android.view.View")); save = parentView.getChild(new UiSelector().text("Save")); assertEquals(save.getText(),"Save"); } } | 作者 | 自主博客 | 微信 | CSDN |
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