文件共享服务---Samba
=============================================================================
★smb：Service Message Block；服务信息块
★cifs：Common Internet File System，
★samba：作者：Andrew Tridgell；
实事上是smb功能的实现，核心当中所实现的主要协议是cifs协议
★功能：
文件系统共享；
NetBIOS协议（进行Windows网络上的主机名解析）；
打印服务；
1）程序环境
★samba安装
# yum install samba -y
★主配置文件
/etc/samba/smb.conf
★主程序：
/usr/sbin/nmbd：
Network Naming Service，主要是完成NetBIOS名称解析；
/usr/sbin/smbd：
SMB/CIFS Service；核心主程序，完成SMB/CIFS服务
★Unit File
/usr/lib/systemd/system/nmb.service
/usr/lib/systemd/system/smb.service
★监听的端口：
UDP：137/udp, 138/udp
TCP:139/tcp, 445/tcp
★客户端程序：
mount -t cifs = mount.cifs
smbclient：交互式命令行客户端工具；
2）samba的配置
/etc/samba/smb.conf
★主配置文件：/etc/samba/smb.conf
[root@centos7 ~]# cd /etc/samba [root@centos7 samba]# ls lmhosts smb.conf [root@centos7 samba]# cp smb.conf{,.bak} # 首先备份 [root@centos7 samba]# ls lmhosts smb.conf smb.conf.bak [root@centos7 samba]# grep -i -E "^#[[:space:]]*(=|-)+" smb.conf # 过滤出配置段 #--------------- #-------------- # 全局配置段 #======================= Global Settings ===================================== # ----------------------- Network-Related Options ------------------------- # --------------------------- Logging Options ----------------------------- # ----------------------- Standalone Server Options ------------------------ # ----------------------- Domain Members Options ------------------------ # ----------------------- Domain Controller Options ------------------------ # ----------------------- Browser Control Options ---------------------------- #----------------------------- Name Resolution ------------------------------- # --------------------------- Printing Options ----------------------------- # --------------------------- File System Options --------------------------- #============================ Share Definitions ============================== # 用户自定义的共享配置段★两类配置段：
◎全局配置
[global]
workgroup = MYGROUP 工作组模型 用来定义工作组
server string = Samba Server Version %v 定义提示信息
interfaces = lo eth0 192.168.12.2/24 192.168.13.2/24 指明要监听的地址或网络接口；
hosts allow = 127. 192.168.12. 192.168.13. 访问控制，相当于白名单
log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m 每个客户端将使用自己专用的日志文件；
max log size = 50 指明日志文件大小，默认为KB
security = user 定义安全级别，user提供账号和密码
share (depricated) 匿名共享
server (depricated) 实现集中式身份认证
domain
passdb backend = tdbsam 账号密码的存储格式
load printers = yes samba 服务启动时是否装载打印机驱动
cups options = raw 通用的打印机的服务方式
◎共享文件系统：
[shared_ID]
有三类：
[homes]：每个samba用户是否能够通过samba服务访问其家目录；
[printers]：打印服务；
[shared_FS]：用户自定义的共享目录；
常用指令：
comment：注释信息；
path：本地文件系统路径；
browseable：是否可浏览，是否为用户可见；
guest ok：是否允许来宾账号（匿名用户）访问；
public：是否公开给所有来宾；
writable：是否可写；
writable=YES和read only = no是一样的
write list：拥有写权限的用户或组列表；
用户名
@组名 = +组名
2）samba用户管理
★命令：
smbpasswd, pdbedit
1）smbpasswd
语法：
smbpasswd [OPTIONS] USERNAME(系统用户)
选项：
-a：添加；
-x：删除；
-d：禁用；
-e：启用
2）pdbedit：
-L：列出samba服务中的所有用户；
-a：添加用户为samba用户；
-u USERNAME：
-x：删除
-t：从标准输出接收密码；
★访问服务：
☉smbclient交互式客户端程序：
查看目标服务上的共享
smbclient -L SMB_SERVER [-U USERNAME]
访问共享服务
smbclient //SMB_SERVER[/SHARE_NAME] [-U USERNAME]
☉mount.cifs
mount -t cifs //SMB_SERVER/SHARED_ID /MOUNT_POINT -o username=USER,password=PASS（指明用户身份和密码）
注意：
挂载操作中的用户，与-o选项中指定的用户直接产生映射关系；访问挂载，是以-o选项指定的用户身份运行，与本地用户以ID产生映射；
★自定义共享的方式：
[shared_ID]
comment =
path =
guest ok =
read only =
public =
browseable =
write list =
☉注意：
定义所有用户在服务级的写权限write = yes (read only = no）不建议与write list同时使用；
命令演示：
1.添加用户
[root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -a -u tao # 添加用户 new password: retype new password: Unix username: tao NT username: Account Flags: [U ] User SID: S-1-5-21-1194301372-4224252613-970535052-1000 Primary Group SID: S-1-5-21-1194301372-4224252613-970535052-513 Full Name: Home Directory: \\centos7\tao HomeDir Drive: Logon Script: Profile Path: \\centos7\tao\profile Domain: CENTOS7 Account desc: Workstations: Munged dial: Logon time: 0 Logoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST Kickoff time: Wed, 06 Feb 2036 23:06:39 CST Password last set: Tue, 18 Oct 2016 23:24:50 CST Password can change: Tue, 18 Oct 2016 23:24:50 CST Password must change: never Last bad password : 0 Bad password count : 0 Logon hours : FFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF [root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -L # 列出samba用户 tao:1000: [root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -a -u xiu # 再添加一个用户xiu [root@centos7 ~]# pdbedit -L tao:1000: xiu:1001:
启动samba服务，并查看端口号
[root@centos7 ~]# systemctl start nmb.service smb.service [root@centos7 ~]# ss -unl # 查看udp端口 137,138 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port UNCONN 0 0 *:68 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.255:137 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.15:137 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:137 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.255:138 *:* UNCONN 0 0 192.168.1.15:138 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:138 *:* UNCONN 0 0 127.0.0.1:323 *:* UNCONN 0 0 *:34320 *:* UNCONN 0 0 :::10025 :::* UNCONN 0 0 ::1:323 :::* [root@centos7 ~]# ss -tnl # 查看tcp协议端口 139,445 State Recv-Q Send-Q Local Address:Port Peer Address:Port LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6012 *:* LISTEN 0 50 *:445 *:* LISTEN 0 50 *:3306 *:* LISTEN 0 50 *:139 *:* LISTEN 0 128 *:22 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:631 *:* LISTEN 0 100 127.0.0.1:25 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6010 *:* LISTEN 0 128 127.0.0.1:6011 *:* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6012 :::* LISTEN 0 50 :::445 :::* LISTEN 0 50 :::139 :::* LISTEN 0 128 :::22 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:631 :::* LISTEN 0 100 ::1:25 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6010 :::* LISTEN 0 128 ::1:6011 :::*
2.smbclient命令查看目标主机上的共享
这里以centos 6 主机作为客户端，访问作为samba服务器的centos 7
# 匿名访问，不输入密码，如下： [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 Enter root's password: Anonymous login successful Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3) Anonymous login successful Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment --------- ------- CENTOS7 Samba Server Version 4.2.3 Workgroup Master --------- ------- MYGROUP CENTOS7 WORKGROUP PC-20160624QLWL # 已创建的系统用户账号来访问，如下： [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 -U tao Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3) tao Disk Home Directories Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment --------- ------- CENTOS7 Samba Server Version 4.2.3 Workgroup Master --------- ------- MYGROUP CENTOS7 WORKGROUP PC-20160624QLWL
3.smbclient命令访问目标主机上的共享服务
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/ -U tao Enter tao's password: [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/tao -U tao # 要添加允许访问的共享的目录文件 Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> help # 获取帮助 ? allinfo altname archive blocksize cancel case_sensitive cd chmod chown close del dir du echo exit get getfacl geteas hardlink help history iosize lcd link lock lowercase ls l mask md mget mkdir more mput newer open posix posix_encrypt posix_open posix_mkdir posix_rmdir posix_unlink print prompt put pwd q queue quit readlink rd recurse reget rename reput rm rmdir showacls setea setmode stat symlink tar tarmode timeout translate unlock volume vuid wdel logon listconnect showconnect .. ! smb: \> pwd # 显示的是samba服务器上系统用户tao的共享目录，配置中家目录是允许共享的 Current directory is \\192.168.1.15\tao\ smb: \> ls . D 0 Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016 .. D 0 Tue Oct 18 11:38:44 2016 .mozilla DH 0 Mon Jul 25 23:57:35 2016 .bash_logout H 18 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bash_profile H 193 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bashrc H 231 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .zshrc H 658 Fri Nov 20 21:11:02 2015 .Xauthority H 53 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .cache DH 0 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .config DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 .bash_history H 361 Tue Oct 18 12:43:06 2016 .mysql_history H 268 Mon Oct 17 16:18:28 2016 pub D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:16:21 2016 upload D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:20:53 2016 xiu D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:36:02 2016 .local DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 f1 13 Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> put /etc/fstab # 上传Cen 6 中的文件发现不能上传，这里最要使用当前路径 NT_STATUS_OBJECT_PATH_NOT_FOUND opening remote file \/etc/fstab smb: \> lcd /etc # 切换到要上传文件的当前目录中 smb: \> put fstab # 上传文件,发现可以上传，这是因为系统文件中定义的writable=YES，有写权限，并且tao用户对自己的家目录也有写权限 putting file fstab as \fstab (52.3 kb/s) (average 52.3 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:11:59 2016 .. D 0 Tue Oct 18 11:38:44 2016 .mozilla DH 0 Mon Jul 25 23:57:35 2016 .bash_logout H 18 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bash_profile H 193 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .bashrc H 231 Fri Nov 20 13:02:30 2015 .zshrc H 658 Fri Nov 20 21:11:02 2015 .Xauthority H 53 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .cache DH 0 Sun Sep 11 11:11:49 2016 .config DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 .bash_history H 361 Tue Oct 18 12:43:06 2016 .mysql_history H 268 Mon Oct 17 16:18:28 2016 pub D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:16:21 2016 upload D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:20:53 2016 xiu D 0 Tue Oct 18 09:36:02 2016 .local DH 0 Tue Oct 18 12:38:09 2016 f1 13 Tue Oct 18 13:09:36 2016 fstab #已上传的文件 A 1017 Wed Oct 19 00:11:59 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> ^C
4.自定义共享服务
[root@centos7 ~]# mkdir -pv /samba/tools # 创建共享的目录 mkdir: created directory ‘/samba’ mkdir: created directory ‘/samba/tools’ [root@centos7 ~]# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf # 编辑主配置文件 [apps] # 自定义一个共享名 comment = tools # 注释为tools工具 path = /samba/tools # 本地文件系统路径 browseable = yes # 允许非属主，数组浏览 guest ok = yes # 允许来宾访问，即匿名用户 writable = yes # 允许写操作（如：上传和删除等） # 配置好之后保存退出，并测试语法 [root@centos7 samba]# testparm # 语法测试 Load smb config files from /etc/samba/smb.conf rlimit_max: increasing rlimit_max (1024) to minimum Windows limit (16384) Processing section "[homes]" Processing section "[printers]" Processing section "[apps]" Loaded services file OK. Server role: ROLE_STANDALONE Press enter to see a dump of your service definitions # 敲回车，打印出服务所有的生效配置 # Global parameters [global] workgroup = MYGROUP server string = Samba Server Version %v security = USER log file = /var/log/samba/log.%m max log size = 50 idmap config * : backend = tdb cups options = raw [homes] comment = Home Directories read only = No browseable = No [printers] comment = All Printers path = /var/spool/samba printable = Yes print ok = Yes browseable = No [apps] comment = tools path = /samba/tools read only = No # 非只读，代表可写 guest ok = Yes [root@centos7 samba]# systemctl restart smb 重启服务
查看共享服务，并访问
# 查看系统用户下的共享服务 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient -L 192.168.1.15 -U tao Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Sharename Type Comment --------- ---- ------- apps Disk tools IPC$ IPC IPC Service (Samba Server Version 4.2.3) tao Disk Home Directories Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] Server Comment --------- ------- CENTOS7 Samba Server Version 4.2.3 Workgroup Master --------- ------- MYGROUP CENTOS7 WORKGROUP PC-20160624QLWL
访问共享服务
# 匿名用户（来宾账号）可以登录，但是不能上传文件 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps Enter root's password: Anonymous login successful Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:12:29 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> !pwd /etc smb: \> put fstab # 不能上传 NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \fstab smb: \> ^C # 系统账号登录，访问共享服务 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/apps -U tao # 指定共享服务目录为apps Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> pwd Current directory is \\192.168.1.15\apps\ # 在apps下 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \fstab # 不能上传，虽然服务有写权限，但是对目录对文件系统没有写权限 smb: \>
要想使tao用户可以上传和删除文件，除了系统当中的定义的允许写操作外，目录文件系统也要有写权限才可以，仅对tao用户定义如下：
[root@centos7 ~]# setfacl -m u:tao:rwx /samba/tools # 设定tao用户的rwx权限 [root@centos7 ~]# getfacl /samba/tools getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: samba/tools # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:tao:rwx group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x
再次访问上传如下
[root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.15/apps -U tao Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab putting file fstab as \fstab (99.3 kb/s) (average 99.3 kb/s) #上传成功 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 01:00:43 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 01:00:43 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> rm fstab # 删除文件 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:12:29 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40071 blocks available smb: \>
5.假设现在tao用户和xiu用户都有写操作，即可以向/samba/tools上传文件,但是我只想允许让tao有上传权限，xiu用户不可以传，该如何设置呢？ 如下
[root@centos7 ~]# setfacl -m u:xiu:rwx /samba/tools [root@centos7 ~]# getfacl /samba/tools getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: samba/tools # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:tao:rwx user:xiu:rwx # xiu用户对文件也有rwx权限 group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu # 系统用户xiu登录访问 Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:12:29 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40071 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put issue # 上传成功 putting file issue as \issue (4.2 kb/s) (average 4.2 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40071 blocks available smb: \> ^C
编辑配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf
重启服务，访问如下：
[root@centos7 samba]# systemctl restart smb # 重启服务 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu # xiu用户再次登录 Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \fstab [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U tao # tao用户可以上传文件 Enter tao's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put fstab # 上传成功 putting file fstab as \fstab (55.2 kb/s) (average 55.2 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available
6.定义属组，是属组中的用户都有写权限
[root@centos7 ~]# groupadd distro [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x+ 2 root root 30 Oct 19 21:37 /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# chgrp distro /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x+ 2 root distro 30 Oct 19 21:37 /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# setfacl -b /samba/tools # 为了保证实验，清空目录的acl权限 [root@centos7 ~]# getfacl /samba/tools getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: samba/tools # owner: root # group: distro user::rwx group::r-x other::r-x [root@centos7 ~]# chmod 775 /samba/tools/ # 设定目录的属组有写权限 [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x 2 root distro 30 Oct 19 22:23 /samba/tools/ [root@centos7 ~]# usermod -a -G distro tao [root@centos7 ~]# usermod -a -G distro xiu [root@centos7 ~]# id tao uid=1000(tao) gid=1000(tao) groups=1000(tao),2003(distro) [root@centos7 ~]# id xiu uid=1001(xiu) gid=2002(xiu) groups=2002(xiu),2003(distro)
编辑配置文件/etc/samba/smb.conf如下：
重启服务，访问如下：
[root@centos7 samba]# systemctl restart smb [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu # 使用xiu用户登录 Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 21:28:02 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> pwd Current directory is \\192.168.1.17\apps\ smb: \> rm issue # 可以删除 smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 22:22:30 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put issue # 可以上传 putting file issue as \issue (5.2 kb/s) (average 5.2 kb/s) smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 22:23:51 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 22:23:51 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available #================================================================================== [root@centos7 ~]# gpasswd -d xiu distro # 把秀从组中移除 Removing user xiu from group distro [root@centos7 ~]# groupmems -g distro -l # 查看组成员 tao # 再次使用秀用户登录，发现不能上传，如下 [root@CentOS6 ~]# smbclient //192.168.1.17/apps -U xiu Enter xiu's password: Domain=[MYGROUP] OS=[Windows 6.1] Server=[Samba 4.2.3] smb: \> ls . D 0 Wed Oct 19 22:40:22 2016 .. D 0 Wed Oct 19 00:31:41 2016 fstab A 1017 Wed Oct 19 21:37:12 2016 issue A 90 Wed Oct 19 22:40:22 2016 40940 blocks of size 1048576. 40072 blocks available smb: \> pwd Current directory is \\192.168.1.17\apps\ smb: \> rm issue # 不能删除 NT_STATUS_MEDIA_WRITE_PROTECTED deleting remote file \issue NT_STATUS_MEDIA_WRITE_PROTECTED listing \issue smb: \> lcd /etc smb: \> put issue # 不能上传 NT_STATUS_ACCESS_DENIED opening remote file \issue
7.使用mount.cifs访问
[root@centos7 ~]# usermod -a -G distro xiu # 把xiu用户加入到distro组中，即也有写权限 [root@centos7 ~]# id xiu uid=1001(xiu) gid=2002(xiu) groups=2002(xiu),2003(distro) [root@centos7 ~]# ll -d /samba/tools/ drwxrwxr-x 2 root distro 63 Oct 19 23:24 /samba/tools/ # 使用mount -t cifs(mount.cifs)方式指明smb服务器，共享目录，以及使用登陆的系统用户和密码 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.1.17/apps/ /mnt -o username=xiu,password=134296 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount # 查看挂载点 /dev/mapper/vg0-root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-usr on /usr type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-var on /var type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) //192.168.1.17/apps/ on /mnt type cifs (rw) # 已经挂载上了 [root@CentOS6 ~]# cd /mnt/ [root@CentOS6 mnt]# ls fstab issue [root@CentOS6 mnt]# echo taotaoxiuxiu > test.txt # 可见客户端的root用户对挂载点/mnt有写权限 [root@CentOS6 mnt]# su - tao # 切换到一个普通用户 [tao@CentOS6 ~]$ cd /mnt/ [tao@CentOS6 mnt]$ ls fstab issue test.txt [tao@CentOS6 mnt]$ cat test.txt taotaoxiuxiu [tao@CentOS6 mnt]$ echo nulixiangqian >> test.txt -bash: test.txt: Permission denied # 虽然在服务端系统用户有写权限（包括文件系统），但客户单普通用户对挂载点没有写权限
既然如此，我们就在本地创建一个目录/data/apps专门作为挂载点，并赋予tao用户rwx权限，看能否写进去，如下：
# 创建挂载点目录 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mkdir -pv /data/apps mkdir: created directory `/data' mkdir: created directory `/data/apps' #============================================================================= # 使tao用户对此目录有rwx权限 [root@CentOS6 ~]# setfacl -m u:tao:rwx /data/apps/ [root@CentOS6 ~]# getfacl /data/apps getfacl: Removing leading '/' from absolute path names # file: data/apps # owner: root # group: root user::rwx user:tao:rwx group::r-x mask::rwx other::r-x #============================================================================== # 挂载到/data/apps，切换到tao用户，看能否写 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount -t cifs //192.168.1.17/apps/ /data/apps -o username=xiu,password=134296 [root@CentOS6 ~]# mount /dev/mapper/vg0-root on / type ext4 (rw) proc on /proc type proc (rw) sysfs on /sys type sysfs (rw) devpts on /dev/pts type devpts (rw,gid=5,mode=620) tmpfs on /dev/shm type tmpfs (rw) /dev/sda1 on /boot type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-usr on /usr type ext4 (rw) /dev/mapper/vg0-var on /var type ext4 (rw) /dev/sda5 on /home type ext4 (rw,usrquota,grpquota) none on /proc/sys/fs/binfmt_misc type binfmt_misc (rw) //192.168.1.17/apps/ on /data/apps type cifs (rw) [root@CentOS6 ~]# cd /data/apps/ [root@CentOS6 apps]# ll total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 1000 1000 1017 Oct 19 2016 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 1001 2002 90 Oct 19 2016 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 2002 13 Oct 19 2016 test.txt [root@CentOS6 apps]# su - tao [tao@CentOS6 ~]$ cd /data/apps/ [tao@CentOS6 apps]$ ls fstab issue test.txt [tao@CentOS6 apps]$ echo nulizaiyiqi >> test.txt -bash: test.txt: Permission denied # 权限被拒绝
如上，我们发现还是被拒绝，这到底是为什么呢？这是因为远程和客户端用的是id映射，和用户名无关，只和id号有关
[root@CentOS6 ~]# ll /data/apps/ # 客户端显示的属主 total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 1000 1000 1017 Oct 19 2016 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 1001 2002 90 Oct 19 2016 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 1001 2002 13 Oct 19 2016 test.txt [root@centos7 ~]# id xiu uid=1001(xiu) gid=2002(xiu) groups=2002(xiu),2003(distro) [root@centos7 ~]# ll /samba/tools/ # 服务端显示的属主 total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 tao tao 1017 Oct 19 21:37 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 xiu xiu 90 Oct 19 22:40 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 xiu xiu 13 Oct 19 23:33 test.txt [root@CentOS6 ~]# useradd -u 1001 wang # 创建一个同服务端属主id号相同的用户 [root@CentOS6 ~]# su - wang [wang@CentOS6 ~]$ cd /data/apps/ [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ ls fstab issue test.txt [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ echo nulizaiyiqi >> test.txt # 写操作成功 [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ cat test.txt taotaoxiuxiu nulizaiyiqi [wang@CentOS6 apps]$ ll total 12 -rwxr--r-- 1 1000 1000 1017 Oct 19 2016 fstab -rwxr--r-- 1 wang 2002 90 Oct 19 2016 issue -rw-r--r-- 1 wang 2002 25 Oct 20 2016 test.txt
总结：
1.用户要想对共享的文件有写权限，受限于两个方面的因素：一是，共享文件服务器（ftp，samba）是否允许匿名用户或者系统账号有写权限；另一个方面用户对共享文件的文件系统是否有写权限；只有二者同时满足，用户才有写权限，才可以在共享文件目录中上传删除文件；
2.对于smaba服务中，使用mount.cifs 挂载操作中的用户，-o选项中指定的用户直接产生映射关系；访问挂载，是以-o选项指定的用户身份运行，与本地用户以ID产生映射,即必须使本地用户的id号和-o选项指定用户的id号相同才可以执行写操作（上面的第一点也要满足）。
3）smbstatus命令：
★显示samba服务的相关共享的访问状态信息；
-b：显示简要格式信息；
-v：显示详细格式信息；
演示
[root@centos7 ~]# smbstatus Samba version 4.2.3 PID Username Group Machine Protocol Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2228 xiu xiu 192.168.1.16 (ipv4:192.168.1.16:49088) NT1 # 挂载访问 Service pid machine Connected at ------------------------------------------------------- IPC$ 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 apps 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 # 客户端方式访问 No locked files
简要显示 -b，和详细显示-v
[root@centos7 ~]# smbstatus -b Samba version 4.2.3 PID Username Group Machine Protocol Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2228 xiu xiu 192.168.1.16 (ipv4:192.168.1.16:49088) NT1 [root@centos7 ~]# smbstatus -v using configfile = /etc/samba/smb.conf Samba version 4.2.3 PID Username Group Machine Protocol Version ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 2228 xiu xiu 192.168.1.16 (ipv4:192.168.1.16:49088) NT1 Opened /var/lib/samba/connections.tdb Service pid machine Connected at ------------------------------------------------------- IPC$ 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 apps 2228 192.168.1.16 Wed Oct 19 23:57:47 2016 No locked files
免责声明：本站发布的内容（图片、视频和文字）以原创、转载和分享为主，文章观点不代表本网站立场，如果涉及侵权请联系站长邮箱：is@yisu.com进行举报，并提供相关证据，一经查实，将立刻删除涉嫌侵权内容。
