webbench是用c语言来实现的网站压力测试工具，可以并发产生3万个链接测试网站。在学习webbench时候最好先简单了解一下http协议，推荐小日本的一本书《图解http》,适合入门，图文并茂，先简单介绍下wenbench的使用方法，在ubuntu14.04上安装完后，执行：
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安全
数据库
网络和加速
企业服务
root@zhuzhu:webbench-1.5# webbench
webbench [option]... URL
-f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.
-r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.
-t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.
-p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.
-c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.
-9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.
-1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.
-2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.
--get Use GET request method.
--head Use HEAD request method.
--options Use OPTIONS request method.
--trace Use TRACE request method.
-?|-h|--help This information.
-V|--version Display program version.
root@zhuzhu:webbench-1.5#可以看到全部的参数，常用的参数 -c 表示模拟的用户数，-t 表示持续发起连接的时间：
webbench -c 5 -t 10 http://www.baidu.com/
其结果如下：
root@zhuzhu:webbench-1.5# ./webbench -c 5 -t 10 http://www.baidu.com/
Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark 1.5
Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.
Benchmarking: GET http://www.baidu.com/
5 clients, running 10 sec.
Speed=594 pages/min, 1036972 bytes/sec.
Requests: 99 susceed, 0 failed.下面开始介绍下源码，对webbench做了一些简单的修改，但基本内容和组织没有变。全部源码见：
https://github.com/zhukunbo/webbench
1、软件流程
2、代码详解
#include "socket.c"
#include <stdio.h>
#include <string.h>
#include <unistd.h>
#include <stdlib.h>
#include <rpc/types.h>
#include <getopt.h>
#include <strings.h>
#include <time.h>
#include <signal.h>
#include "webbench.h"
static int mypipe[2];
static int force;
static int force_reload;
static int http10 = 1;
static int bench_time;
static int proxy_port = HTTP_DEF_PORT;
static int clients;
static int speed;
static int failed;
static int bytes;
static int time_out;
static char *proxy_host;
static int method = METHOD_GET;
static char host[MAXHOSTNAMELEN];
static char request[REQUEST_SIZE];
int debug_open = 1;
static const struct option long_options[] = {
{"force", no_argument, &force, 1},
{"reload", no_argument, &force_reload, 1},
{"time", required_argument, NULL, 't'},
{"help", no_argument, NULL, '?'},
{"http09", no_argument, NULL, '9'},
{"http10", no_argument, NULL, '1'},
{"http11", no_argument, NULL, '2'},
{"get", no_argument, &method, METHOD_GET},
{"head", no_argument, &method, METHOD_HEAD},
{"options", no_argument, &method, METHOD_OPTIONS},
{"trace", no_argument, &method, METHOD_TRACE},
{"version", no_argument, NULL, 'V'},
{"proxy", required_argument, NULL, 'p'},
{"clients", required_argument, NULL, 'c'},
{NULL, 0, NULL, 0}
};
static void usage(void)
{
fprintf(stderr,
"webbench [option]... URL\n"
" -f|--force Don't wait for reply from server.\n"
" -r|--reload Send reload request - Pragma: no-cache.\n"
" -t|--time <sec> Run benchmark for <sec> seconds. Default 30.\n"
" -p|--proxy <server:port> Use proxy server for request.\n"
" -c|--clients <n> Run <n> HTTP clients at once. Default one.\n"
" -9|--http09 Use HTTP/0.9 style requests.\n"
" -1|--http10 Use HTTP/1.0 protocol.\n"
" -2|--http11 Use HTTP/1.1 protocol.\n"
" --get Use GET request method.\n"
" --head Use HEAD request method.\n"
" --options Use OPTIONS request method.\n"
" --trace Use TRACE request method.\n"
" -?|-h|--help This information.\n"
" -V|--version Display program version.\n"
);
}
static void build_requst(const char *url)
{
int i;
char tmp[16];
bzero(host, MAXHOSTNAMELEN);
bzero(request, REQUEST_SIZE);
if (force_reload && (proxy_host != NULL) && (http10 < 1)) {
http10 = 1;
}
if ((method == METHOD_HEAD) && (http10 < 1)) {
http10 = 1;
}
if ((method == METHOD_OPTIONS) && (http10 < 2)) {
http10 = 2;
}
if((method == METHOD_TRACE) && (http10 < 2)) {
http10 = 2;
}
/* 客户端发起的请求类型，默认为GET，请求资源 */
switch (method){
case METHOD_GET:
strcpy(request, "GET");
break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
strcpy(request, "HEAD");
break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
strcpy(request,"OPTIONS");
break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
strcpy(request,"TRACE");
break;
}
/* 下面主要是判断域名的合法性 */
strcat(request," ");
if (strstr(url, "://") == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr, "\n %s is no a vaild url. \n",url);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (strlen(url) > 1500) {
fprintf(stderr, "\n URL is too long \n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (proxy_host == NULL) {
if (strncasecmp("http://", url, 7) != 0) {
fprintf(stderr, "\nOnly HTTP protocol is directly supported, set --proxy for others.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
i = strstr(url, "://") - url + 3;
if (strstr(url + i, "/") == NULL) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nInvalid URL syntax - hostname don't ends with '/'.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (proxy_host == NULL) {
if ((index(url + i, ':') != NULL) &&
(index(url + i, ':') < index(url + i, '/'))) {
strncpy(host, url + i, strchr(url + i, ':') - url - i);
bzero(tmp, sizeof(tmp));
strncpy(tmp, index(url + i, ':') + 1,
strchr(url + i, '/') - index(url + i, ':') - 1);
proxy_port = atoi(tmp);
if (proxy_port == 0) {
proxy_port = HTTP_DEF_PORT;
}
} else {
strncpy(host, url + i, strcspn(url + i, "/"));
}
PRINT_DEG("host is %s, proxy_port = %d", host, proxy_port);
strcat(request + strlen(request), url + i + strcspn(url + i, "/"));
} else {
strcat(request, url);
}
PRINT_DEG("the requst is %s \n", request);
if (http10 == 1) {
strcat(request, " HTTP/1.0");
} else if(http10 == 2) {
strcat(request, " HTTP/1.1");
}
strcat(request, "\r\n");
if (http10 > 0) {
strcat(request, "User-Agent: WebBench "PRG_VERSION"\r\n");
}
if ((proxy_host == NULL) && (http10 > 0)) {
strcat(request,"Host: ");
strcat(request,host);
strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
if (force_reload && (proxy_host != NULL)) {
strcat(request,"Pragma: no-cache\r\n");
}
if (http10 > 1) {
strcat(request,"Connection: close\r\n");
}
/* add empty line in the end */
if (http10 > 0) {
strcat(request,"\r\n");
}
}
static void alarm_handler(int signal)
{
PRINT_DEG("it is time out");
time_out = 1;
}
static void bench_calc(const char *host,const int port,const char *req)
{
int len, n;
int sock_id;
char buff[1500];
struct sigaction sa;
/* setup alarm signal handler */
sa.sa_handler = alarm_handler;
sa.sa_flags=0;
if (sigaction(SIGALRM, &sa, NULL)) {
exit(3);
}
alarm(bench_time);
len = strlen(req);
re_try:
while (1) {
if (time_out) {
if (failed > 0) {
--failed;
}
return;
}
sock_id = create_socket_info(host, port);
if (sock_id < 0) {
failed++;
continue;
}
if (len != write(sock_id, req, len)) {
failed++;
close(sock_id);
continue;
}
if (http10 == 0) {
if (shutdown(sock_id, 1)) {
failed++;
close(sock_id);
continue;
}
}
if (force == 0) { /* 若是强制则不要等待服务器相应 */
while (1) {
if (time_out) {
break;
}
n = read(sock_id, buff, 1500);
if (n < 0) {
failed++;
close(sock_id);
goto re_try;
} else if (n == 0) {
break;
} else {
bytes += n;
}
}
}
if (close(sock_id)) {
failed++;
continue;
}
speed++;
}
}
static int core_process(void)
{
int i;
int n, m, k;
pid_t pid;
FILE *pipe_fd;
/* 创建管道 */
if (pipe(mypipe)) {
perror("pipe failed.");
return -1;
}
/* fork process number of clients */
for (i = 0; i < clients; i++) { /* 创建线程 */
pid = fork();
if (pid <= (pid_t)0) {
sleep(1); /* 让父进程先运行，防止子进程先运行后，写管道失败 */
break;
}
}
if (pid < (pid_t)0) {
fprintf(stderr,"problems forking worker no. %d\n",i);
perror("fork failed.");
return -1;
}
if (pid == 0) {
/* this is a child process */
bench_calc(((proxy_host == NULL) ? host: proxy_host), proxy_port, request);
/* 向管道中写统计好的数据 */
pipe_fd = fdopen(mypipe[1], "w");
if (pipe_fd == NULL) {
perror("open pipe for writing failed.");
return -1;
}
PRINT_DEG("speed, failed, bytes= %d %d %d", speed, failed, bytes);
fprintf(pipe_fd, "%d %d %d\n", speed, failed, bytes);
fclose(pipe_fd);
return 0;
} else {
PRINT_DEG("this is father");
pipe_fd = fdopen(mypipe[0], "r");
if (pipe_fd == NULL) {
perror("open pipe for reading failed.");
return -1;
}
setvbuf(pipe_fd, NULL, _IONBF, 0);
speed = 0;
failed = 0;
bytes = 0;
PRINT_DEG("speed, failed, bytes= %d %d %d", speed, failed, bytes);
while (1) {
/* 读管道 */
pid = fscanf(pipe_fd, "%d %d %d", &m, &n, &k);
if (pid < 2) {
fprintf(stderr,"Some of our childrens died.\n");
break;
}
speed += m;
failed += n;
bytes += k;
if (--clients == 0) {
break;
}
PRINT_DEG("clients = %d", clients);
}
fclose(pipe_fd);
printf("\nSpeed=%d pages/min, %d bytes/sec.\nRequests: %d susceed, %d failed.\n",
(int)((speed + failed) / (bench_time / 60.0f)),
(int)(bytes / (float)bench_time),
speed,
failed);
}
return speed;
}
int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
int opt;
int options_index=0;
int socket_fd;
char *tmp=NULL;
/*1、参数检查 */
if (argc == 1) {
usage();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/*2、参数解析 */
while ((opt = getopt_long(argc, argv, "912Vfrt:p:c:?h", long_options, &options_index)) != EOF) {
switch (opt) {
case 0 : break;
case 'f':
force = 1;
break;
case 'r':
force_reload=1;
break;
case '9':
http10=0;
break;
case '1':
http10=1;
break;
case '2':
http10=2;
break;
case 'V':
printf(PRG_VERSION);
exit(EXIT_SUCCESS);
case 't':
bench_time = atoi(optarg);
break;
case 'p':
/* 获取代理服务器端口号，strrchr,返回从左边开始最后一个比配的字符以后的字符串 */
tmp = strrchr(optarg, ':');
proxy_host = optarg;
if (tmp == NULL) {
break;
}
if (tmp == optarg) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error in option --proxy %s: Missing hostname.\n", optarg);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
if (tmp == (optarg + strlen(optarg) - 1)) {
fprintf(stderr, "Error in option --proxy %s Port number is missing.\n", optarg);
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
proxy_port = atoi(tmp + 1);
break;
case ' ' :
case '?':
case 'h':
usage();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
case 'c':
clients = atoi(optarg);
break;
default :
usage();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
}
if (optind == argc) {
fprintf(stderr, "webbench: Missing URL!\n");
usage();
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
/* 设置默认的参数 */
if (clients == 0) {
clients = 1; /* 默认模拟一个用户 */
}
if (bench_time == 0) {
bench_time = 30; /* 默认发起连接时间为30秒 */
}
/********************** info print *************************/
fprintf(stderr,
"Webbench - Simple Web Benchmark "PRG_VERSION"\n"
"Copyright (c) Radim Kolar 1997-2004, GPL Open Source Software.\n"
);
build_requst(argv[optind]); /* http协议参数相关参数设置 */
printf("\nBenchmarking: ");
switch (method) {
case METHOD_GET:
default:
printf("GET");
break;
case METHOD_OPTIONS:
printf("OPTIONS");
break;
case METHOD_HEAD:
printf("HEAD");
break;
case METHOD_TRACE:
printf("TRACE");
break;
}
printf(" %s",argv[optind]);
switch (http10) {
case 0:
printf(" (using HTTP/0.9)");
break;
case 2:
printf(" (using HTTP/1.1)");
break;
}
printf("\n");
printf("%d clients \n", clients);
printf("running %d sec", bench_time);
if (force) {
printf(", early socket close");
}
if (proxy_host != NULL) {
printf(", via proxy server %s:%d",proxy_host,proxy_port);
}
if (force_reload) {
printf(", forcing reload");
}
printf(".\n");
/********************** info print end*************************/
/*3、check avaibility of target server */
socket_fd = create_socket_info((proxy_host == NULL) ? host : proxy_host, proxy_port); /* 创建套接字，主要用来测试服务器可用 */
if (socket_fd < 0) {
fprintf(stderr,"\nConnect to server failed. Aborting benchmark.\n");
exit(EXIT_FAILURE);
}
close(socket_fd);
/*4、核心处理 */
return core_process();
}/*
* host :the host addr
* client_port :the dest port num
*
*/
int create_socket_info(const char *host, int cli_port)
{
int sock;
unsigned long inaddr;
struct hostent *hp;
struct sockaddr_in addr;
memset(&addr, 0, sizeof(addr));
inaddr = inet_addr(host);
if (inaddr != INADDR_NONE) {
memcpy(&addr.sin_addr, &inaddr, sizeof(inaddr));
} else {
hp = gethostbyname(host);
if (hp == NULL) {
return -1;
}
memcpy(&addr.sin_addr, hp->h_addr, hp->h_length);
}
addr.sin_port = htons(cli_port);
addr.sin_family = AF_INET;
sock = socket(AF_INET, SOCK_STREAM, 0);
if (sock < 0) {
return sock;
}
/* connect to the server */
if (connect(sock, (struct sockaddr *)&addr, sizeof(addr)) < 0) {
return -1;
}
return sock;
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