Linux/Unix shell 参数传递到SQL脚本

在数据库运维的过程中，Shell 脚本在很大程度上为运维提供了极大的便利性。而shell 脚本参数作为变量传递给SQL以及SQL脚本也是DBA经常碰到的情形之一。本文主要讨论了如何将shell脚本的参数传递到SQL脚本之中并执行SQL查询。

1、启动sqlplus时执行脚本并传递参数

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sh  

#!/bin/bash  

# ----------------------------------------------  

#  Set environment here  

#  Author : Robinson Cheng  

# ----------------------------------------------  

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then  

   . ~/.bash_profile  

fi  

if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then  

   echo "Usage: "  

   echo "      `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"  

   read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID  

   read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" begin_date  

   read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" end_date  

else  

   ORACLE_SID=${1}  

   begin_date=${2}  

   end_date=${3}  

fi  

export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date  

#Method 1: pass the parameter to script directly after script name  

sqlplus -S gx_adm/gx_adm @/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date  

exit  

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp.sql  

SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level  

 FROM dba_hist_snapshot  

WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&1'  

      AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&2';  

exit;  

2、在SQL提示符下传递参数

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp2.sh  

#!/bin/bash  

# ----------------------------------------------  

#  Set environment here  

#  Author : Robinson Cheng  

# ----------------------------------------------  

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then  

   . ~/.bash_profile  

fi  

if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then  

   echo "Usage: "  

   echo "      `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"  

   read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID  

   read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" begin_date  

   read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" end_date  

else  

   ORACLE_SID=${1}  

   begin_date=${2}  

   end_date=${3}  

fi  

export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date  

#Method 2: pass the parameter in SQL prompt. Using the same method with method 1  

sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF  

@/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp.sql $begin_date $end_date  

exit;  

EOF  

exit  

3、通过定义变量的方式来传递参数

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sh  

#!/bin/bash  

# ----------------------------------------------  

#  Set environment here  

#  Author : Robinson Cheng  

# ----------------------------------------------  

if [ -f ~/.bash_profile ]; then  

   . ~/.bash_profile  

fi  

if [ -z "${1}" ] || [ -z "${2}" ] || [ -z "${3}" ] ;then  

   echo "Usage: "  

   echo "      `basename $0` <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>"  

   read -p "please input begin ORACLE_SID:" ORACLE_SID  

   read -p "please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" begin_date  

   read -p "please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):" end_date  

else  

   ORACLE_SID=${1}  

   begin_date=${2}  

   end_date=${3}  

fi  

export ORACLE_SID begin_date end_date  

#Method 3: pass the parameter to global variable firstly.  

sqlplus -S " / as sysdba" <<EOF  

define begin_date=$begin_date          

define end_date=$end_date  

prompt "variable value for begin_date is: &begin_date"  

prompt "variable value for end_date id : &end_date"  

@/users/robin/dba_scripts/custom/awr/tmp3.sql begin_date end_date  

exit;  

EOF  

exit  

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> more tmp3.sql  

SELECT snap_id, dbid, snap_level  

 FROM dba_hist_snapshot  

WHERE TO_CHAR (begin_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&begin_date'  

      AND TO_CHAR (end_interval_time, 'yyyymmddhh34') = '&end_date';  

exit;  

4、测试脚本

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp.sh  

Usage:  

     tmp.sh <ORACLE_SID> <begin_dat> <end_date>  

please input begin ORACLE_SID:CNMMBO  

please input begin date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):2013030709  

please input end date and time(e.g. yyyymmddhh34):2013030710  

  SNAP_ID       DBID SNAP_LEVEL  

---------- ---------- ----------  

    13877  938506715          1  

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp2.sh MMBOTST 2013030709 2013030710  

  SNAP_ID       DBID SNAP_LEVEL  

---------- ---------- ----------  

    36262 3509254984          1  

robin@SZDB:~/dba_scripts/custom/awr> ./tmp3.sh MMBOTST 2013030710 2013030711  

"variable value for begin_date is: 2013030710"  

"variable value for end_date id : 2013030711"  

  SNAP_ID       DBID SNAP_LEVEL  

---------- ---------- ----------  

    36263 3509254984          1  

5、小结

a、本文主要描述了将shell的参数传递给SQL脚本

b、方式1的用法是直接将shell变量跟在脚本之后, sqlplus userid/pwd @script_name $para1 $para2

c、方式2是启动sqlplus后在SQL提示符下来传递参数, SQL>@script_name $para1 $para2

d、方式3则是将shell变量的值先传递给define定义的变量，然后再传递给SQL脚本 SQL>@script_name var1 var2

e、注意方式3中SQL脚本的替代变量与define定义的变量名相同

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