在.net的项目开发中,经常会对XML文件进行操作,由于XML文件可以实现跨平台传输,较多的应用在数据传输中,特总结以下几种常用的XML操作方法:
1.创建XML文档:
/// <summary> /// 创建XML文档 /// </summary> /// <param name="name">根节点名称</param> /// <param name="type">根节点的一个属性值</param> /// <returns>XmlDocument对象</returns> public static XmlDocument CreateXmlDocument(string name, string type) { XmlDocument doc; try { doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.LoadXml("<" + name + "/>"); var rootEle = doc.DocumentElement; rootEle?.SetAttribute("type", type); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } return doc; }
2.读取XML文档中的数据:
/// <summary> /// 读取数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时返回该属性值,否则返回串联值</param> /// <returns>string</returns> public static string Read(string path, string node, string attribute) { var value = ""; try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); if (xn != null && xn.Attributes != null) value = (attribute.Equals("") ? xn.InnerText : xn.Attributes[attribute].Value); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } return value; }
3.对XML文档插入数据:
/// <summary> /// 插入数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="element">元素名,非空时插入新元素,否则在该元素中插入属性</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时插入该元素属性值,否则插入元素值</param> /// <param name="value">值</param> /// <returns></returns> public static void Insert(string path, string node, string element, string attribute, string value) { try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); if (element.Equals("")) { if (!attribute.Equals("")) { var xe = (XmlElement)xn; xe?.SetAttribute(attribute, value); //xe?.SetAttribute(attribute, value); } } else { var xe = doc.CreateElement(element); if (attribute.Equals("")) xe.InnerText = value; else xe.SetAttribute(attribute, value); xn?.AppendChild(xe); } doc.Save(path); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } }
4.修改XML文档中的数据:
/// <summary> /// 修改数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时修改该节点属性值,否则修改节点值</param> /// <param name="value">值</param> /// <returns></returns> public static void Update(string path, string node, string attribute, string value) { try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); var xe = (XmlElement)xn; if (attribute.Equals("")) { if (xe != null) xe.InnerText = value; } else { xe?.SetAttribute(attribute, value); } doc.Save(path); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } }
5.删除XML文档中数据:
/// <summary> /// 删除数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="node">节点</param> /// <param name="attribute">属性名,非空时删除该节点属性值,否则删除节点值</param> /// <returns></returns> public static void Delete(string path, string node, string attribute) { try { var doc = new XmlDocument(); doc.Load(path); var xn = doc.SelectSingleNode(node); var xe = (XmlElement)xn; if (attribute.Equals("")) { xn?.ParentNode?.RemoveChild(xn); } else { xe?.RemoveAttribute(attribute); } doc.Save(path); } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } }
6.读取XML文档中指定节点数据:
/// <summary> /// 获得xml文件中指定节点的节点数据 /// </summary> /// <param name="path"></param> /// <param name="nodeName"></param> /// <returns></returns> public static string GetNodeInfoByNodeName(string path, string nodeName) { var xmlString = string.Empty; try { var xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load(path); var root = xml.DocumentElement; if (root == null) return xmlString; var node = root.SelectSingleNode("//" + nodeName); if (node != null) { xmlString = node.InnerText; } } catch (Exception er) { throw new Exception(er.ToString()); } return xmlString; }
7.获取XML指定节点的属性:
/// <summary> /// 功能:读取指定节点的指定属性值 /// </summary> /// <param name="path"></param> /// <param name="strNode">节点名称</param> /// <param name="strAttribute">此节点的属性</param> /// <returns></returns> public string GetXmlNodeAttributeValue(string path, string strNode, string strAttribute) { var strReturn = ""; try { var xml = new XmlDocument(); xml.Load(path); //根据指定路径获取节点 var xmlNode = xml.SelectSingleNode(strNode); if (xmlNode != null) { //获取节点的属性,并循环取出需要的属性值 var xmlAttr = xmlNode.Attributes; if (xmlAttr == null) return strReturn; for (var i = 0; i < xmlAttr.Count; i++) { if (xmlAttr.Item(i).Name != strAttribute) continue; strReturn = xmlAttr.Item(i).Value; break; } } } catch (XmlException xmle) { throw new Exception(xmle.Message); } return strReturn; }
8.将对象转化为XML文件,并存入指定目录:
/// <summary> /// 将对象转化为xml,并写入指定路径的xml文件中 /// </summary> /// <typeparam name="T">C#对象名</typeparam> /// <param name="item">对象实例</param> /// <param name="path">路径</param> /// <param name="jjdbh">标号</param> /// <param name="ends">结束符号(整个xml的路径类似如下:C:\xmltest\201111send.xml,其中path=C:\xmltest,jjdbh=201111,ends=send)</param> /// <returns></returns> public static string WriteXml<T>(T item, string path, string jjdbh, string ends) { if (string.IsNullOrEmpty(ends)) { //默认为发送 ends = "send"; } //控制写入文件的次数 var i = 0; //获取当前对象的类型,也可以使用反射typeof(对象名) var serializer = new XmlSerializer(item.GetType()); //xml的路径组合 object[] obj = { path, "\\", jjdbh, ends, ".xml" }; var xmlPath = string.Concat(obj); while (true) { try { //用filestream方式创建文件不会出现“文件正在占用中,用File.create”则不行 var fs = System.IO.File.Create(xmlPath); fs.Close(); TextWriter writer = new StreamWriter(xmlPath, false, Encoding.UTF8); var xml = new XmlSerializerNamespaces(); xml.Add(string.Empty, string.Empty); serializer.Serialize(writer, item, xml); writer.Flush(); writer.Close(); break; } catch (Exception) { if (i < 5) { i++; continue; } break; } } return SerializeToXmlStr<T>(item, true); }
以上的方法总结采用.net4.5版本和c#6.0语法。
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